Dravida, kingdom of, visited by Hiouen- | Funeral ceremonies on the death of Thsang, 280.
Dravidians, 12; include the Telugu,
Tamil, Kanarese, and Malayalam peo- ple, 13; their religion, 14, note; wor- ship of the serpent, 58; collision with the Aryans, 59; political organization, ib., 386, 387.
Drona, the preceptor of the Pándavas and Kauravas, 32.
Duhsásana, character of, 33.
Maharaja Dasaratha, 48.
Gambling, the vice of the Kshatriyas, 36; wives lost, 38.
Gandhára, visited by Hiouen-Thsang, 268.
Gandharí, wife of Dhritarashtra and mother of the Kauravas, 31; her as sumed blindness, 32; her death, 40. Gandharva marriage, 316. Ghosts, propitiation of, 26.
Durga, human sacrifices to, 269, 321; Goa. See Portuguese India. conception of, 364.
Durvásas, the irascible sage, 317. Duryodhana, the eldest Kaurava, his character, 32; insults Draupadí, 38; slain by Bhima, 39.
Dushyanta, Raja, the hero of the drama of Sakúntalá, 313.
Duties of the affections expressed in the edicts of Asoka, 215.
Edicts of Priyadarsi. See Asoka. Egypt, frequently compared with India, 192.
Endowments, Buddhist, 253.
English, early kingdoms compared with those of the Rajpoots, 352. English, their early settlements in India, 357.
Epics. See Hindú, Mahá Bhárata, and Rámáyana.
Eudemos, appointed to succeed Philip as Greek governor of Taxila, 174; murdered Porus, 175; expelled from India by Sandrokottos, ib. Expiation, festival of, at Kartchou, 249; at Prayága, 275; confession and alms- giving, ib.
Fah-Hian, the Chinese pilgrim, his march from China to India, 243; jour- ney through the great desert of Gobi, 244; Tartars, ib.; great and little Vehicles, 245; his religious details, 246; halt in Khotan, ib.; witnesses the processions of images, 247; pre- sent at the quinquennial expiation at Kartchou, 249; crosses the Pamir steppe and Hindú Kúsh, ib.; worship of relics in Udyána and the Swat country, 250; religious character of his travels, 251; Buddhism in the Punjab, 252; Brahmanical pale, ib. ; mildness of Buddhist administration in the Middle Country, 253; Kanouj and Kosala, 254; pilgrimages to holy places, 255; city of Patali-putra, ib.; his superior philanthropy, 258; return to China, 259; perilous voyage, ib.
Faria y Sousa, his general account of India in the seventeenth century, 399; description of Guzerat, 420; region be- tween Guzerat and Malabar, 421; de- scription of Malabar, 422; social cus- toms of the Malabar people, 424; sacrifices, 425; religious bathings, 426; shrine of St Thomas, 428; history of the Portuguese in India, 403, et seq. Fitch, Ralph, his travels through Hin- dustan, 394.
Gobi, great desert of, march of the Chinese pilgrims through, 244. Gonzales, Sebastian, tragical adventures of, 452.
Gótama Buddha. See Buddha. Government, councils at Ayodhya, 43; political life in Ayodhya, 48; Hindú constitution: village communities, 59; village officials and artisans, 62; groups of villages formed into provinces, 63; internal administration of the Gan- getic kingdom, 193; inspectors, ib.; system of espionage, 191; surveil- lance of trade and manufactures, 195; duties of the six divisions of city in- spectors, ib.; collective duties of city inspectors, 196; army inspectors, ib.; district inspectors, 197; officers of state, 198; administration compared with that of Burma, ib.; adapted to the Hindú population, 199; mildness of Buddhist administration in the Madya-desa, 253 262; trial by ordeal, 262; public revenue, 263; public ex- penditure, ib.; distribution of India into petty kingdoms, ib.; the village, the kingdom, and the empire, 265; political and religious almsgiving at Prayaga, 277; political system of the Rajpoots, 351; comparison between the Rajpoots and Teutons, 352. Greek India, 153; surface observations of the Greeks, 166; accounts of Me- gasthenes, 178. See India, Greek and Roman.
Gupta kings of Magadha, 240. Guzerat, visited by Hiouen-Thsang, 281; described by Marco Polo, 393; de- scribed by Faria y Sousa, 420; Sultan of, appeals to Turkey for help against the Portuguese, 430; murder of the Sultan, 431.
Hamir, Rana of Chittore, deprived of his capital, 336; inveigled into a widow marriage by Maldeo of Jhalore, 337; his vow for himself and success- ors, 338. Hanuman, the monkey chieftain, helps Ráma to recover Sítá, 375. Happiness, field of, cultivation at Pra- yága, 275. Harshavardhana, king of Kanouj, identical with Síláditya, 268. Hastinápur, old domestic life at, 29; capital of Raja Dushyanta, 317. Herakles, the Greek deity, identified with Vishnu, 68, 365; legend respect- ing his daughter Pandæa, 206, note.
Hindú drama. See Drama. Hindú epics, their Brahmanical cha- racter, 5; absence of chronology, 6; elements of religious belief, 7. Hindú era, 1; four elements in the Vedic, the Brahmanic, the Buddhist, and the Brahmanical revival, 2. Hindú Kúsh, its crags and precipices, 250. Hindustan, or northern India, 7; watered by the Ganges and Jumna, 53; strategic importance of Prayága, or Allahabad, 54; civilization of, dif- ferent from that in the Punjab, 184; traversed by Mr Fitch in the sixteenth century, 395.
Hiouen-Thsang, the Chinese pilgrim, travels of, 259; his liberality, ib.; description of Indian towns, 260; contrast between ancient and modern Hindús, 261; mild administration of justice, 262; his personal adventures, 267; encounter with river pirates, 268; finds the holy places of Bud- dhism surrounded by Brahmanism, 269; invited to the Sangháráma of Nálanda, 270; description of the Buddhist university, 271; studies in Buddhism and Brahmanism, 272; engages in a public disputation with a Bráhman, 273; great disputation at Kanouj, ib.; defeats the followers of the little Vehicle, ib.; attends the festival of expiation at Prayága, 275; route from Nálanda to the Bay of Bengal, 279; route through the Dekhan and Peninsula to Conjeve- ram, ib.; route along the western coast to the Indus, 280. Hiranya-parvata, the modern Monghír, visited by Hiouen-Thsang, 279. Hlot-dau, the supreme council of Ava, 355.
Hospitals for men and animals, 221; at Patali-putra, 257.
Húghli, Portuguese settlement at, 399; destroyed by Shah Jehan, 454. Hymn of joy, the expression of Bud- dhism, 124.
Ikswáku, Raja of Kosala, tradition of the origin of Kapila and Koli, 102. India, three eras in the history-the Vedic, the Mussulman, and British, 1; geographical divisions of India: Hindustan, the Dekhan, and the Peninsula, 7; Aryan and Turani- an gates, 8; products of India, 9; dif- ferent currents of immigration, ib.; Kolarians, or aborigines. 10; Dravi- dians, Telugu, Tamil, Kanarese, and Malayalam, 12; chaotic character of its ancient history, 27; old Persian tra- ditions, ib.; the Hindú epics, ib.; political organization of the people re- sembling that of the Teut ns, 59, 351; ancient political system, 157; con- stantly compared by the Greeks with Egypt, 192, note; internal adminis- tration of the Gangetic kingdom, 193; distributed into a number of petty states, 263. ·
India, Brahmanic, retrospect of, 64. See Brahmanical revival. India, Buddhist. See Buddhism. India, Greek and Roman, 153; accounts of Megasthenes, 178; Hindú ban- quets, 184; difference of civilization in the Punjab and Hindustan, ib.; ryots or cultivators, 185; traders and artisans, ib.; army, 186; sages or philosophers, 187; the Great As- sembly, ib.; reign of Sandrokottos: a transition period, 188; division of the philosophers into Bráhmans and Germanes (Srámans), ib.; life of the Brahman sages, 189; dogma of the metempsychosis, 190; doctrine of the supreme spirit, ib.; question of self- destruction, ib.; Greek opinions of the Brahmans, 191; Greek opinions of the Buddhist monks, ib.; three extra castes described by Megasthe- nes, 192; shepherds and hunters, 193; inspectors, ib. ; system of espion- age, 191; surveillance of trade and manufactures, 195; duties of the six divisions of city inspectors, ib.; col- lective duties of city inspectors, 196; army inspectors, ib.; district inspect- ors, 197; officers of state, 198; ad- ministration of the Gangetic empire compared with that of Burma, ib. ; adaptation of the administration to the Hindú population, 199; authen- ticity of the Greek pictures of ancient India, 200; review of the Greek ac- counts of the Ryots, 201; character of the supervision over trades and artisans, 203; reticence of Megasthe- nes as regards politics and religion, 201; Greek ignorance of Bengal, 205; embassy of Pandion or Porus to Augustus Caesar, 206; suicide of an Indian sage, .08. India, Portuguese.
India, Vedic, retrospect of, 1. Indra, god of the sky, 16; worshipped at the Poongul festival, 21; a sove- reign ruler, 22.
Indra-prastha, the modern Delhi, 27. Indus river and its tributaries, 53; con- founded by the Greeks with the Nile, 164.
Iswara, conception of, as Siva, 362. Jains, description of. 361; associated with the little Vehicle, ib.
Janaka, Raja of Mithilá, gives his daughter Sítá in marriage to Ráma, 42.
Jangam, sect of, 365.
Jarasandha, king of Magadha, father- in-law of Kansa, 377, 380. Jeimal, youngest son of Raemul, his death, 344.
Jesuits, labours of, in India, 446. Jeypore, kingdom of, 327. Jhelum, river, passage of, by Alexander, 161; defeat of Porus, 162; formation of a Macedoni n fleet, 163. Johur, rite of, 335, 348.
Justice, trials by ordeal, 262; mild ad- ministration under Buddhism, ib.; court of, represented in the drama of the "Toy-cart," 301; mild administra- tion under Buddhism, 302. Kaikeyí, favourite queen of Dasaratha, and mother of Bharata, 42; her rage at being outwitted by the first queen, 44; wheedles the Maharaja into ap- pointing Bharata to be Yuvaraja, 45. Kalanos, the Bráhman, his arrogance towards Onesikritos, 171; his suicide, 172, 190, note.
Kálí, the black goddess, 364.
Kalinga, visited by Hiouen-Thsang, 280. Kalyan, Jain kings of, 364.
Káma, the god of love, temple garden of, 291, 321.
Káma-rúpa, the modern Assam, visited by Hiouen-Thsang, 279. Kanishka, Buddhist king of the Yuchi, or Tochari Scythians, 239; monu- ments of, 268.
Kanouj, a hot-bed of Brahmanism, 254; visited by Hiouen-1 hsang, 268; public disputation at, between the great and little Vehicles, 275; abduc- tion of the princess of, by the Chohan prince of Delhi, 330; ceremony of sovereignty performed at, 331. Kansa, tyrant of Mathurá, seeks to kill the infant Krishna, 377; slain by Krishna, 380.
Kanwa, the head of a Brahmanical hermitage, 313, 317.
Kapila, legend of its foundation, 102; visited by Fah- Hian, 255; by Hiouen- Thsang, 269.
Kapisa, the modern Cabul, kingdom of, 267.
Karna, the sworn friend of Duryodhana, 33.
Kartchou, quinquennial expiation at,
Kathæi, revolt against Alexander, 165; capture of Sangala, ib. ; identified with the Katties of Kattiawar, 173; practise infanticide and sátí, ib. Kauravas, sons of Dhritarashtra, 32; their breach with the Pándavas, 34; challenge them to a gambling-match, 37; insult Draupadí, 38; vanquished in the great war, 39. Kausalya, chief wife of Dasaratha, and mother of Ráma, 42; intrigues for the promotion of Ráma to be Yuvaraja, 44; her agony at the exile of Ráma, 46; death of Dasaratha in her apart- ments, 48.
Kavi Chand Burdái, the celebrated Rajpoot bard, 330.
Khotan, kingdom of, flourishing state of Buddhism, 244; Sanghárámas at, 246; processions of images of Buddha, 247. Kolarians, or aborigines, general descrip- tion of, 10; legendary references to non-Aryan races, 56.
Koli, legend of its foundation, 102. Konkana, visited by Hiouen-Thsang,
281; described by Marco Polo, 392.
Kosala, a hot-bed of Brahmanism,
Krishna, conception of, compared with that of Ráma, 376; legend of his birth, 377; his boyhood, 379; his amours, 380; his victory over Kansa, ib.; mi- gration to Guzerat, ib. ; depraved wor- ship of, 382.
Kshatriyas, their military character, 19; distinguished from the Rishis, ib.; worship of Indra, 21; flesh feasts, 23; marriage customs, ib.; their pas sion for gambling, 36; absence of history and chronology, 52; probable strategy in the conquest of Hindustan, ib.
Kumára, king of Káma-rupa, 279. Kunála, son of Asoka, legend of, 250,
Kuntí, mother of the Pándavas, 31. Kurukshetra, plain of, 39; visited by Hiouen-Thsang, 268.
Kutchwahas of Jeypore, 328. Lakha Rana, story of his marriage with the Marwar princess, 339. Lakshmí, the goddess, wife of Vishnu, 367; becomes incarnate as Sítá, 372, 374.
Lampá, or Langhán, visited by Hiouen- Thsang, 267.
Law of the Wheel. See Nirvána. Lingayets, sect of, 365.
Lunar race, or children of the Moon, 329; antagonism of the Solar and Lunar races associated with the antag- onism between Bráhman and Bud- dhist, 330.
Madya-desa, the middle country, mild- ness of Buddhist administration, 253. Magadha, ancient kingdom of, 101, 147;
empire created by Ajata-satru, 138- see Patali-putra; empire of Síláditya, 265.
Mahá Bhárata, 5; its Brahmanical character, 6; referred to Indra-prastha, or Delhi, 27; main tradition of, 28; Aryan colonists amongst Nagas and Bheels, 29; family incidents, ib.; marriage by capture, 30; custom as regards childless widows, 31; Raja Pandu, the white-complexioned, ib. ; Raja Dhritarashtra, the blind, ib.; kinsmen and dependants, ib.; rivalry between the Kauravas and Pandavas, 32; individual character of heroes and heroines, ib.; migration of the Pán- davas to old Delhi, 33; Swayamvara of Draupadí, 34; inferior status of Bráhmans, 35; Rajasúya, or royal feast, 36; passion of Kshatriyas for gambling, ib.; gambling-match, 37; sensational scene, 38; war of the Mahá Bhárata, 39; associated with the worship of Krishna, 381. Mahá-deva. See Siva. Mahávíra, the Jain saint, 361. Mahrattas, described by Hiuen-Thsang, identified with the Rajpoots, 266; their king Pulakesa, 267; country visited by Hiouen-Thsang, 281...
Maitreya, the Bráhman jester, in the drama of the Toy-cart," 287. Malabar country, visited by Hiouen- Thsang, 280; described by Marco Polo, 390; described by Faria y Sousa, 422.
Málatí and Mádhava, Hindú drama of, 319.
Malayaketu, Raja of the mountains, 311. Maldeo, Rao of Jhalore, his temporary possession of Chittore, 336; inveigles Rana Hamir into a widow marriage,
337. Mandanis, the Brahman, his conciliatory behaviour to Onesikritos, 171; refuses to attend Alexander, 172. Mara, the tempter of Gótama Buddha in the jungle, 119, 147. Marco Polo, travels of, Coromandel coun- try: character of the people, 386; five Tamil kingdoms, 387; the Tamil kings, 388; the temple women, ib.; empori- um at Old Kával, 389; shrine of St Thomas near Madras, ib.; kingdom of Telinga or Telugu, 390; Malabar country, ib.; Travancore, 391; Cana- nore, ib Malabar proper, ib.; Kon- kana, 392; Guzerat, 393. Marriage, customs of the Rishis and
Kshatriyas, 23; the Swayamvara, 24; law of capture, 30; taking a brother's widow, 31; Swayamvara of Draupadí, 34; polyandry, 35; mar- riage of Ráma and Sítá, 42; resem- blance of ancient and modern rites, 42, note; incestuous marriages of the Sakyas, 104; customs described by the Greeks, 167; between a Hindú Raja and Greek princess, 178; inci- dent of the loving wife of Charudatta, 293; her husband's amour with a courtesan, 296; marriage of the cour- tesan and Brahman, 306; Gandharva marriage of Sakúntalá, 316; Hindú drama of the "Stolen Marriage," 319; deprecated by Buddhism, 320; horror of widow marriages, 337, 339; refusal of the Ranas of Udaipore to give their daughters to the princes of Jeypore and Marwar, 350. Marwar, traversed by Hiouen-Thsang, 281; kingdom of, 327; story of the Marwar princes married to Lakha Rana, 339; royal family flock to Chit- tore, 310; murder of the old Rao, 311.
Massaga, city of, captured by Alexander,
Máthavya, the Bráhman jester in the play of Sakúntalá, 315.
Mathura, the cradle of the worship of Krishna, visited by Fah-Hian, 252; visited by Hiouen-Thsang, 268. Mayá, mother of Gútama Buddha, 104; deified in later legend, 145. Megasthenes, sent as ambassador to Patali-putra by Seleuk s Nikator, 177; furnishes pictures of old Hindú civil- ization, 178; description of the city of Patali-putra, 180; royal palace and
zenana, 181; reticence as regards politics and religion, 204. See India, Greek and Roman. Metempsychosis, dogma of, 72; its an- tagonism to the old theology, 74; its profound significance, 75; a revolt against the popular worship of the gods, 76.
Mey war, kingdom of, the garden of Raj- pootana, 327; Ranas of, the blue blood of the Rajpoot aristocracy, 328. Missionary operations of Gotama Bud- dha, 129; of Priyadarsi or Asoka, 223 -see also Appendix II.; extension of Buddhism into China, 244; of the Brahmans, 401; of the Roman Catho- lies in India, 445.
Mohammed the prophet contrasted with Gótama Buddha, 109.
Mokul, Rana of Chittore, story of his murder, 311.
Monkeys, assist Ráma in the recovery of Sítá, 375; build the great bridge, 376.
Monks, Buddhist, neither priests nor mendicants in the popular sense of the words, 128; their admission into the Assembly, 130; dark side of Buddhist monasticism, 132; consent of parents necessary to ordination, ib.; endow- ments, 253.
Multán, visited by Hiouen-Thsang, 281. Musulman era, 1; horrors of Mussul- man invasion, 335.
Nága people, 15, 29; relations with the Aryans, 36; traditions of, 56. Nálanda, splendid Buddhist university at, 270.
Nandas, dynasty of, represented in the drama of the "Signet of the Minister," 308; the cowherd, reputed father of Krishna, 376, 378.
Narsinga, Hindú empire of, overthrown, 434.
Nikaa, city of, founded by Alexander, 163.
Nile, river, confounded by the Greeks with the Indus, 164.
Nirvána, or annihilation, dawn of the idea on the mind of Gótama Buddha, 107, 108; necessary preparation for, 122; the Law of the Wheel, 123; the Hymn of Joy, 124; significant con- trast between the term Nirvána and that of Buddha, 149.
Nuns, Buddhist, 135, 136; intrigues of a nun to promote a marriage, 322. Onesi ritos, sent by Alexander to con- verse with the naked Bráhmans, 170; arrogance of Kalanos, 171; concilia- tory behaviour of Mandanis, ib. Oody Sing, Rana of Chittore, story of, 346.
Ordeal, trial by, 262.
Orissa, visited by Hiouen-Thsang, 280. Padmavati, city of, 320. Pálaka, Raja of Ujain, 288. Pamir steppe, route of the Chinese pil- grims over, 249.
Pandavas, their birth, 31; their individ-
ual character, 33; breach with the Kauravas, ib.; Swayamvara of Drau- padi, 34; celebrate a Rajasúya, 36; their gambling-match with the Kau- ravas, 37; their exile, 28; the great war, 39; celebrate an Aswamedha, or horse sacrifice, 40.
Pandion, his embassy to Augustus Cæsar, 206; tradition of a Pandyan empire, ib., note.
Pandu, the pale, the father of the Pán- davas, 31.
Pánini, Sanskrit grammar of, studied by Hiouen-1hsang, 273.
Parisnáth, the Jain saint, 361.
Párvatí, the goddess, conception of, 364. Patali-putra, city of, captured by San- drokottos, 176; described by Megas- thenes, 180; visited by Fah-Hian, 255; processions of images of Buddha at, 256; hospitals for animals, 257; ruined state in the time of Hiouen- Thsang, 270; captured by Chandra- gupta, 311.
Peninsula India, on the south, 7; tra- versed by Hiouen-Thsang, 279, 280. Pertab Sing, Rana of Udaipore, the hero of Rajpoot independence, 349; refuses to give his daughters to the princes of Jeypore and Marwar, 350. Philip, lieutenant for Alexander at Taxila, murdered by the mercenaries, 174.
Pirates, Portuguese, desolate lower Bengal, 449; destroyed by Shaista Khan, 456.
Pirthi Raj of Delhi, legend of, 330. Pirthi Rai of Chittore, his feud with his elder brother, 342; promised by his sister's husband, 344. Poongul festival, 21.
Portuguese India, 403; relations of the Portuguese with the native powers, 408, et seq.; seek to open trade with Bengal, 428; Sultan of Guzerat appeals to Turkey for help against the Portu- guese, 430; suspicious murder of the Sultan of Guzerat, 431; Portuguese at Diu besieged by the Turks, 1538, 432; sudden departure of the Turkish ex- pedition, ib.; rejoicings in Portugal, 433; second siege of Diu: triumph of the Viceroy, ib.; overthrow of the Hindú empire of Narsinga, 1565, 434; disastrous results to the Portuguese, 436; decline of the Portuguese power in India, 1603, ib.; palmy days of Goa, 1583, 437; magnificence of Goa, ib.; view of the city and shipping, 438; morning at Goa, ib.; the Exchange, 439; profits of money exchanges, 440; motley crowd at the Exchange, ib.; Sundays and Saint days: Portuguese ladies, 441; social condition of the Portuguese soldiers, 442; demoraliza- tion resulting from mixed marriages, 443; degeneracy of the female popu- lation, 444; depraved state of morals, 445; conversions effected by the Roman Catholic missionaries, 446; labours of
the Jesuits, ib.; relapses into heathen- ism, 447; establishment of an Inquisi- tion orientalization of Portuguese Christianity, 448; revolt of European energy against oriental effeminacy, ib.; Portuguese free lances, 449; lower Bengal desolated by the pirates of Chittagong, ib.; Portuguese outlaws entertained by the king of Arakan, 450; piratical and slave-stealing expe- ditions, 451; weakness of the Mcgul governors, ib.; adventures of Se- bastian Gonzales, 452; tragical end of Gonzales, 453; Fra Joan, ib.; Portu- guese settlement at Húghly: slave market at Palmiras, 454; Portuguese of Húghly reduced to slaves by Shah Jehan, ib.; misfortunes of Shah Shujah in Arakan, 455; revenge of Aurangzib, 455; destruction of the Portuguese pirates by Shaista Khan,
Porus the elder, probably suzerain of the Punjab, 157; encampment on the Jhelum, 161; defeated by Alexander, 162; murdered by Eudemos, 175. Porus the younger, abandons his throne on the approach of Alexander, 164. Prayaga, at the junction of the Ganges and Jurna, its strategic importance, 54; cultivation of the field of happi- ness at, 275.
Prajapati, step-mother of Gútama Bud- dha, 104.
Priya, daughter of 1kswáku, legend of, 102.
Priyadarsi, edicts of. See Asoka. Pulakesa, king of the Mahrattas, de- scribed by Hiouen-Thsang, 267. Pundra-vardhana, the modern Burd- wan, visited by Hiouen-Thsang, 279. Punjab, the home of the Vedic Aryans, 52; campaign of Alexander in, 153; plan of the campaign, 155; absence of caste, 167; civilization different from that of Hindustan, 184; Buddhism flourishing there in the time of Fah- Hian, 252.
Pythagoras, similarity between his doc- trines and those of the Brahmans, 172.
Raemul, Rana of Chittore, story of the feud between his sons, 342. Rahtores of Marwar, 328; of Kanouj, assertion of sovereignty, 331. Rahula, son of Gútama Buddha, his birth, 108; his admission into the Assembly, 132, 133, note. Rajagriha, the scene of the commence- ment of Gótama Buddha's career as a mendicant, 110. Rajasúya, or royal feast, 36. Rajpoots, traces of the Swayamvara, 24; practice of Sátí, or widow burn- ing. 89; described by Hiouen-Thsang as Mahrattas, 266; the old military aristocracy of India, 326; relics of the Vedic Kshatriyas, ib.; kingdoms of Meywar, Marwar, and Jeypore, 327; high descent of the Ranas of Meywar,
« AnteriorContinua » |