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Introductory Remarks

PRE-EMINENT, even among the tragic creations of Shakspeare, stands the magnificent "MACBETH;"—its foundations deep in the darkest recesses of the human heart-its every buttress and pinnacle, "jutty, frieze, and coigne of vantage," radiant with the golden light that streams in prodigal abundance from the most poetic of imaginations.

All the constituents of a perfect tragedy are here combined, with a degree of success never probably before attained, and certainly not since. In this great drama, we find incident ever changing, congruous, progressive, and interesting; character richly diversified and exquisitely portrayed; dialogue teeming with every species of excellence; and, to crown all, moral teaching of the highest and purest tendency-not obviously obtruded, like the doctor's drench, but rapturously inhaled without an effort of the will, as the infant derives sustenance from the maternal bosom, unknowing of the great results to which its instincts are subservient. Philosophy delights to dwell on the profound thought, the practical wisdom, evolved from the speakers by the various exigences to which the progress of the plot in turn exposes them; Poetry revels in contemplation of the priceless jewels here collected to enrich her treasury; while Religion, pointing to the guilt-struck murderer, "listening the fear" of the sleeping grooms (conscious the while that he himself has slept his last), proclaims the poet her beloved ally; and reading her sternest lessons by the hallowed taper of fiction, needs no stronger evidence to warn the waverer from the lures of unholy and inordinate desire.

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The "great argument" of MACBETH" is derived from Holinshed's "HISTORY OF SCOTLAND." The story in itself is highly interesting, and has been expressly pointed out by Buchanan, as forming an eligible subject for the drama. The principal incidents on which the play is founded are briefly stated by the commentators, to this effect: Malcolm II., King of Scotland, had two daughters, the eldest married to Crinan, father of Duncan (thane of the Isles and western parts of Scotland); and on the death of Malcolm without male issue, Duncan succeeded him. The second daughter of Malcolm married Sinel (thane of Glamis), the father of Macbeth. Duncan married either the daughter or sister of Siward, Earl of Northumberland, and was murdered by his cousin-german Macbeth, in the Castle of Inverness. According to Boethius, this event took place in 1045, in the seventh year of Duncan's reign. Macbeth then usurped the crown, and was himself slain by Macduff, in conformity with the play, in 1061; having thus reigned during the long period of sixteen years. Dramatic justice, however, required that punishment should overtake his crime with swifter wing. In the chronicle, also, Shakspeare found hints for the terrific character of Lady Macbeth, who is represented as strongly instigating her husband to the destruction of his sovereign, and as a woman "very ambitious, burning in unquenchable desire to bear the name of a Queen." With what surpassing power this rough material has been wrought upon, all can feel, but who can hope adequately to describe?

"MACBETH" was first printed in the original folio (1623). It is generally supposed to have been written in or about 1606. Three years previously, James I. ascended the English throne; and this circumstance possibly turned the poet's attention to Scottish history.

J. O.

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The multiplying villanies of nature

Do swarm upon him) from the western isles

1st Witch. When shall we three meet again, Of kernes and gallowglasses is supplied; In thunder, lightning, or in rain?

2nd Witch. When the hurlyburly's done, When the battle's lost and won:

3rd Witch. That will be ere the set of sun.

1st Witch. Where the place?

2nd Witch. Upon the heath:

3rd Witch. There to meet with Macbeth.

1st Witch. I come, Graymalkin.

All. Paddock calls:-Anon.

Fair is foul, and foul is fair:
Hover through the fog and filthy air.

[Witches vanish.

SCENE II.-A Camp near Fores. Alarum within.
Enter KING DUNCAN, MALCOLM, DONALBAIN,
LENOX, with Attendants, meeting a bleeding
Soldier.

Dun. What bloody man is that? He can report,
As seemeth by his plight, of the revolt
The newest state.

Mal. This is the sergeant,
Who, like a good and hardy soldier, fought
'Gainst my captivity: - Hail, brave friend!
Say to the King the knowledge of the broil,
As thou didst leave it.

Sold. Doubtful it stood;

As two spent swimmers, that do cling together,

And Fortune, on his damned quarrel smiling,
Shewed like a rebel's whore. But all's too weak;
For brave Macbeth (well he deserves that name),
Disdaining fortune, with his brandished steel,
Which smoked with bloody execution,
Like valor's minion, carved out his passage,
Till he faced the slave;

And ne'er shook hands, nor bade farewell to him,
Till he unscamed him from the nave to the chaps,
And fixed his head upon our battlements.

Dun. O, valiant cousin! worthy gentleman!
Sold. As whence the sun 'gins his reflection
Shipwrecking storms and direful thunders break;
So from that spring, whence comfort seemed to

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So they

Doubly redoubled strokes upon the foe;

Except they meant to bathe in reeking wounds,
Or memorize another Golgotha,

I cannot tell.

But I am faint, my gashes cry for help.

wounds;

2nd -Witch. Killing swine.

3rd Witch. Sister, where thou?

1st Witch. A sailor's wife had chestnuts in her

lap,

And mounched, and mounched, and mounched :—
"Give me," quoth I:

Dun. So well thy words become thee as thy" Aroint thee, witch!" the rump-fed ronyon cries.
Her husband's to Aleppo gone, master o' the Tiger:
But in a sieve I'll thither sail,
And, like a rat without a tail,
I'll do, I'll do, and I'll do.

geons.

They smack of honor both. Go, get him sur[Exit Soldier, attended. Enter ROSSE.

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Sweno, the Norways' king craves composition;
Nor would we deign him burial of his men,

Till he disburséd, at Saint Colmés' inch,
Ten thousand dollars to our general use.

2nd Witch. I'll give thee a wind.

1st Witch. Thou art kind.

3rd Witch. And I another.

1st Witch. I myself have all the other;
And the very ports they blow,

All the quarters that they know
I' the shipman's card.

I will drain him dry as hay:

Sleep shall, neither night nor day,
Hang upon his penthouse lid;
He shall live a man forbid :
Weary seven nights, nine times nine,
Shall he dwindle, peak, and pine:
Though his bark cannot be lost,
Yet it shall be tempest-tossed,
Look what I have.

2nd Witch. Shew me, shew me.
1st Witch. Here I have a pilot's thumb,
Wrecked as homeward he did come.

3rd Witch. A drum, a drum; Macbeth doth come.

[Drum within.

All. The weird sisters, hand in hand,
Posters of the sea and land,

Thus do go about, about:

Dun. No more that thane of Cawdor shall Thrice to thine, and thrice to mine,

deceive

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And thrice again, to make up nine.
Peace! the charm's wound up.

Enter MACBBTH and BANQUO.

Macb. So foul and fair a day I have not seen.
Ban. How far is't called to Fores?-What are
these,

So withered, and so wild in their attire;
That look not like the inhabitants o' the earth,
And yet are on't?-Live you? or are you aught

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