into which the stream, denominated on the map of Lancaster county, "Carter's Creek,” empties, it is six miles, and in that distance, there are seven mills. The water is the pure limestone, and very fresh. In former times, it formed a large pond, around which Indians resided, of which the number of Indian arrow heads, hatchets, and stones, used for throwing in their slings, give ample proof. Could these Indians return and see the great change which has taken place at their spring, they would probably not believe it to be the same, from which they had formerly drunk. About the year 1780, some of the inhabitants of Litiz began to improve it by enclosing it with a circular wall and filling up part of the pond, and in later years the remaining part was filled up, and where was formerly a considerable body of water, there is at this time a beautiful park of trees. Various improvements were undertaken from time to time; but at no period was it found in such an improved state as at this time. Around it are a number of seats, and on the hill, from under which it has its source, are handsomely laid out gardens, arbors and ornamental shrubbery. From the spring to the village is an avenue of Linden and Maple trees, winding along the stream, the path of which is partly covered with gravel, and partly with tan, which renders access to it easy in wet, as well as dry weather. Along this avenue there are various seats under shade trees for the accommodation of visitors, and also several neat bridges, in case they wish to cross the stream. The population of Litiz is about 500; the number of houses 113. Formerly there was an extensive chip hat and bonnet manufactory carried on by Mr. Matthias Tschudy, which gave employment to many. He was the only person in the United States that understood the art of manufacturing them, and supplied nearly all the cities and country with his hats. The palm leaf and straw hats, coming into fashion, they were preferred, and consequently the factory was discontinued. Organs were also built in Litiz in former times, which for tone and excellent workmanship, are very celebrated. A number of the best organs in Philadelphia, Baltimore and Lancaster, are specimens thereof; and among others, the large and beautiful organ in the Lutheran church, at Lancaster, is one of them.1 In former times, the augurs which were sent from England had no screw, serving as a point, as we have them in our day. The invention of this screw was first made at Litiz, by Mr. John H. Rauch, Senior, during the last century; the pattern was then sent to England by Judge Henry, after which the screw point was generally introduced. The original augur, made at Litiz, by John Henry Rauch, in 1776, is now the property of his grand-son, E. H. Rauch, of Lancaster. It was among the relics exhibited at the Great Sanitary Fair held at Philadelphia in 1864. For an account of the Schools, see Division VI. Washington, Borough.-Population in 1860, 560; Taxables, 199; Value of Real and Personal Property, $67,823. 1 Abridged from Mr. John Beck's revision of the article on Litiz in Rupp's History of Lancaster County. 26 Susquehanna River, Gawanowananeh, (Iroq.) "Great Island River." Namaeshauna, "Pine tree standing alone." "Where the snakes gather in holes or dens." "Place of crawfish.' "Long." "Long strip of land." "Round." "A long time away."(?) Achseespagkoh, (Vogler.) "Muddy water.' Maschilamekhan, Ottohohaho, (Iroq.) Cam- Indian town, near this stream, stood on the top of a hill. Col. Rec. 2, p. 402. Tribe of Shawanese. (Heck.) Indian town. Col. Rec. 3, p. 198. Conoy town on Susq. Ganowago-Rapid stream. (Iroq.) The Iroquois lived here. Tangitamaquehanna-Little Beaver Creek. Said to be an Iroquois, not a Delaware word. The Between two others, middle. (?) Lawellhanne.(?) Trout Creek. (?) "Where money or presents were distributed." Otteraroe. Col. Rec. Vol. 2, p. 402. Mentioned in Roger Estrange's History of America, 1687. Where are they? Name of West Branch. (?) Forges erected on the stream, 1730. Name of West Branch. DIVISION III. BIOGRAPHICAL, AND EARLY SETTLERS. ATLEE, SAMUEL, a colonel of the first regiment of troops raised on the borders of Lancaster and Chester counties in the Revolution. He covered the retreat from Long Island, and being wounded was taken prisoner by the British, and kept confined in New York. After his release he left the army, and was elected to offices of trust by the people. Died suddenly in Philadelphia. ATLEE, WILLIAM AUGUSTUs, born at Philadelphia, July 1, 1735. He moved to Lancaster at a very early age, was a prominent citizen and an active and leading Whig during the Revolution. He was commissioned a Judge of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, August 16, 1777, and held his place until his death in 1793, from yellow fever contracted in Philadelphia, while attending court. BARTON, BENJAMIN S., M. D., professor in the University of Pennsylvania, was born at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, in 1766. His mother was the sister of the celebrated Rittenhouse. In 1786 he went to Great Britain and pursued his medical studies at Edinburgh and London. He afterwards visited Göttingen, and there obtained the degree of Doctor in Medicine. On his return from Europe in 1789, he established himself as a physician in Philadelphia, and soon obtained an extensive practice. In the same year he was appointed professor of natural history and botany in the college of Philadelphia. On the resignation of Dr. Griffiths he was appointed professor of materia medica; and succeeded Dr. Rush in the department of the theory and practice of medicine. He died in 1815. His chief publication is Elements of Zoology and Botany. BARTON, THOMAS, 1 was born in Ireland, in the year 1730. He received his education at Trinity College, Dublin. Shortly after he graduated, he came to this country, and engaged as an assistant tutor in the Academy of Philadelphia, where he remained for two years. In January, 1755, he went to England with letters testimonial from the Professors of the College, and the Clergy of the Province of Pennsylvania, and with an earnest petition from the inhabitants of Huntingdon, Pa., that he might be appointed their Missionary. After the necessary preliminaries had been attended to, he was ordained, and came back to this country as itinerant Missionary for the counties of York and Cumberland. Having reached Philadelphia about the 10th of April, 1755, he immediately wrote to the people of Huntingdon, apprising them of his arrival; whereupon they sent a number of wagons to remove his effects. He reached the field of his labors about the close of May, and his first business was to make himself acquainted with the condition and the numbers of the three congregations of York, Huntingdon and Carlisle; and, after he had settled Wardens and Vestrymen in each, they all met, and according to their numbers, agreed mutually that he should officiate three Sundays in six at Huntingdon, two at Carlisle and one at York; and, having ascertained that there were within the 1 From Sprague's Annals of the American Pulpit. limits of his Mission large numbers of the communion of the Church of England in Shippensburg, and some four or five other settlements in that region, he determined to visit each of those places four times a year, to prepare them for the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper, and to baptize their children. Scarcely had Mr. Barton commenced his labors, before his attention was drawn to the wretched condition of the poor Indians, some of whom resided at no great distance from him; and, having heard that a number of them had come down from the Ohio to Carlisle to dispose of their fur and deer-skins, he took occasion to go among them, and to endeavor to secure their good will, in the hope of making himself useful to them. He invited them to church, and such of them as had any knowledge of English, came, and seemed very attentive. These, subsequently, brought their brethren to shake hands with him; and the result of the interview was that he had great hope of being able to bring them under the influence of Christianity. But, just at that time, the tidings came that the forces under the command of General Braddock had been defeated, as they were marching to take Du Quesne, a French fort upon the Ohio; and this was soon succeeded by an alienation of the Indians, which put an end to all hope of prosecuting successfully any missionary efforts among them. Mr. Barton, now finding himself exposed to the incursions of the French and the Indians, was compelled to organize his own people for defence against their enemies; and such were his zeal and activity, that he even put himself at the head of his congregations, and marched, either by night or by day, whenever there was an alarm. In 1758, the young men within his Mission offered to join the army if Mr. Barton would accompany them; whereupon he proposed himself to General Forbes as Chaplain of the troops, and his services were thankfully accepted. He was, however, absent from his ordinary duties but a short time, though it was long enough to give him the opportunity of making the acquaintance of Washington, Mercer and other distinguished officers in the army. For nearly twenty years, Mr. Barton resided at Lancaster, and was Rector of St. James' church there; but he divided his Sunday labors between that church and two other churches—one at Carnarvon, about twenty miles from Lancaster, the other at Pequea, nearly the same distance in a different direction. In addition to these stated duties, he officiated occasionally at the churches of New London and White Clay Creek-the one distant thirty-five, the other sixty miles from his residence. So great was the amount of labor that he performed, and such the fatigue and exposure to which he was subjected in his missionary excursions, that he became sensible that his constitution was greatly impaired; but he still kept on laboring to the extent of his ability; and the letters which, from time to time, he wrote to the Venerable Society, show that he was resolved to persevere in his labors until his health should entirely fail, or Providence should, in some other way, hedge up his path. Mr. Barton had never lost, in any degree, his interest in the Indians; and was actually planning an excursion of a few months among them, in or about the year 1764, when his hopes were again blasted by the breaking out of the Indian War, which rendered any approach to them utterly hopeless. In 1770, Mr. Barton received the Honorary degree of Master of Arts, from King's College, New York. As the War of the Revolution came on, Mr. Barton found himself not a little impeded in the discharge of his ministerial duties, and was ultimately obliged to retire from his field of labor altogether. In a letter dated November 25, 1776, he thus describes his situation: "I have been obliged to shut up my churches, to avoid the fury of the populace, who would not suffer the Liturgy to be used, unless the Collects and Prayer for the King and Royal Family were omitted, which neither my conscience nor the declaration I made and subscribed, when ordained would allow me to comply with; and, although I used every prudent step to give no offence even to those who usurped authority and rule, and exercised the severest tyranny over us, yet my life and property have been threatened, upon mere suspicion of being unfriendly to what is called the 'American cause.' Indeed, every clergyman of the Church of England, who dared to act upon proper principles, was marked out for infamy and insult, in consequence of which, the Missionaries in particular have suffered greatly. Some of them have been dragged from their horses, assaulted with stones and dirt, ducked in water, obliged to flee for their lives, driven from their habitations and families, laid under arrests and imprisoned. I believe they were all (or at least most of them) reduced to the same necessity with me of shutting up their churches. It is, however, a great pleasure to me to assure the Venerable Society that, though I have been deprived of the satisfaction of discharging my public duties to my congregations, I have endeavored (I trust not unsuccessfully) to be beneficial to them in another way. "I have visited them from house to house regularly, instructed their families, baptized and catechized their children, and performed such other duties in private as atoned for my suspension from public preaching." Mr. Barton, refusing to take the oath of allegiance to the Commonwealth, was permitted to sell his property, leave the Colony, and pass within the British lines. He arrived at New York in November, 1778. Having, before leaving Lancaster, first been placed on the limits of his county, and afterwards, for a long time, confined to his house, his health, which had been reduced by his severe labors, now became much more impaired by his confinement. A dropsy ensued, under which he languished until the 25th of May, 1780, when he died at the age of fifty years. Mr. Barton was married, in 1753, to a sister of the celebrated David Rittenhouse, at Philadelphia. He left a widow and eight children, one of whom, Benjamin Smith, was a distinguished Professor in the University of Pennsylvania, and died in 1815. The eldest son, William, was the author of the Life of Rittenhouse. Mrs. Barton, the widow, passed her last years in the house of her nephew and niece, Dr. Samuel Bard and his wife. Within a few days of their decease, she also died, at the age of ninety. Mr. Barton published a Sermon on Braddock's Defeat, in 1755. John Penn, the Proprietary of Pennsylvania, speaking in a letter of the important services that Mr. Barton rendered in resisting the attacks of the French and Indians, says: * * "Mr. Barton deserves the commendation of all lovers of their country. * Had others imitated his example Cumberland would not have wanted men enough to defend it; nor has he done anything in the military way but what hath increased his character for piety, and that of a sincerely religious man and zealous minister. In short, he is a most worthy, active and serviceable Pastor and Missionary, and as such, please to mention him to the Society." BAKER, JOHN CHRISTOPHER, REV., D. D., was born in Philadelphia, May 7, 1792; had 5 years' education at Nazareth Hall, and pursued a course of Theological studies under Rev. Dr. Lochman, a Lutheran minister, at Lebanon. Licensed in 1811 by the Synod of Pennsylvania, he successively acted as Assistant Minister in the German congregation at Philadelphia, Pastor of the church at Germantown in 1812, and Pastor of Trinity Lutheran church of Lancaster in 1828. In the latter capacity he served faithfully and acceptably until January 30, 1853. After severing his connection with Trinity church he returned to Philadelphia in charge of St. Luke's Lutheran church, and died there, May 26, 1859. His mortal remains were taken to Woodward Hill Cemetery. He was an earnest, laborious and faithful minister, and is held in loving remembrance. BOWMAN, SAMUEL, RT. REV., D. D., was the fourth child of Captain Samuel Bowman, an officer in the Revolutionary army, who took an active part in the battle of Lexington, and at the close of the war settled at Wilkesbarre, Wyoming Valley, Luzerne county, Pennsylvania. Bishop Bowman was born there May 21st, 1800. The |