A LATIN GRAMMAR FOUNDED ON COMPARATIVE GRAMMAR BY J. H. ALLEN AND J. B. GREENOUGH REVISED EDITION BOSTON GINN AND НЕАТН Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1877, by J. H. ALLEN AND J. B. GREENOUGH, in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. Cambridge: PREFACE TO THE REVISED EDITION. THE editors have taken advantage of the re-casting of the plates to make some improvements in the present edition, which have grown upon their hands, until in fact a thorough revision of the book has been made. The principal changes are the following: 1. The matter of each part has been cast in chapters, with sub-divisions by numbered paragraphs, the former sections being indicated in the margin. 2. A very considerable expansion has been given to several portions, especially to those on Phonetic Changes and the Formation of Words; inflectional forms have been more fully exhibited, and sections have been added on the syntax of Pronouns and Particles. 3. Strictly philological matter, not intended for class use, has been put in the form of marginal notes. 4. The several topics of the Syntax are introduced by brief prefatory notes, suggesting what we consider to be the true theory of the constructions: these are not designed for class use, and are not included in the numbered sections. 5. Some important additions and illustrations have been given in the Prosody. The substance of the book remains as before. The form of expression, however, has been carefully revised; and a few sections have been transferred to a different connection, such changes being noted in the margin. The proof-sheets have been submitted to several experienced teachers, who have generously aided us by their criticism, and have contributed many valuable practicable suggestions. The editors have pleasure in acknowledging also their special indebtedness to Professor CASKIE HARRISON, of the University of the South, Sewanee, Tennessee, whose correspondence has made a very full running commentary extending over the greater portion of the book, including all the Syntax, with copious discussion of numerous incidental topics. His notes have been of the greatest service to them; have sometimes modified their views and constantly supplemented them, have urged important points upon their attention, and have not seldom suggested valuable improvements through the very antagonism of opposing doctrine. Material less easy to specify in detail, but not less valuable or welcome, has been received from Professor M. W. HUMPHREYS, of Nashville, from the Principals of the academies at Andover, Exeter, and Quincy, and from others, to whom cordial thanks are due for the interest they have testified in the work. CAMBRIDGE, September 25, 1877. NOTE. FOR the convenience of those who may wish to follow out special lines of study in general or comparative grammar, or to consult original sources on the history and development of the Latin, a list of works including the best and most recent authorities is here subjoined: BOPP: Vergleichende Grammatik des Sanskrit, etc. [Indo-European languages]. 4 vols. 3d Ed. Berlin, 1868-70. The original standard work on Comparative Forms. Later researches have corrected some erroneous details. English translation (poor), London: 1862. The best form is a French translation, with Notes and Introductions by Michel Bréal. Paris: 1866. CORSSEN: Aussprache, Vokalismus und Betonung der Lateinischen Sprache, 2 vols. 2d ed. Leipzig, 1868. The greatest work on Latin alone, treating the language in reference to its own individual development, particularly as to the sounds (Lautlehre). In the comparative portion, it needs the correction of other investigators. CURTIUS, G.: Grundzüge der Griechischen Etymologie. 3d Ed. Leipsic : 1869. Treats of Latin only by comparison; but is one of the most valuable works on the general subject. Erläuterungen zu meiner Griechischen Schul-grammatik. 2d Ed. Prag. 1870. English translation (" Elucidations "), London: 1870. Notes giving in connection with the Greek Grammar the simplest view of the doctrine of forms. Das Griechische Verbum. DELBRÜCK: Das Conjunctiv und Optativ, im Sanskrit und Griechischen. Halle 1871. Origin of the Moods treated scientifically; should be read in connection with a notice in N. A. Review, Oct. 1871, and "Analysis of the Latin Subjunctive," by J. B. Greenough, Cambridge, 1870. Ablativ, Localis, Instrumentalis im indischen, etc. Berlin: 1867. Origin of the various Ablative constructions. ELLIS, A. J.: Practical Hints on the Quantitative Pronunciation of Latin. London (MacMillan): 1874. FERRAR: Comparative Grammar of Sanskrit, Greek, and Latin. London: 1869. Vol. I., including as far as Pronouns. The work was left unfinished at the author's death. A convenient hand-book in English. FICK: Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Indo-Germanischen Sprachen. Göttingen: 1870. A Dictionary of Roots and Words supposed to have existed in the IndoEuropean tongue, with the corresponding words and derivatives in the various lan |