A Sanskrit Primer: Based on the Leitfaden Für Den Elementar-cursus Des Sanskrit of Professor Georg Bühler

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Ginn, 1886 - 230 pàgines

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Pàgina 23 - In the neuter, the only strong cases are the nom. and ace. pl. ; if there be the triple distinction, then the nom. and ace. sing. are middle, and the same cases in the dual are weakest. Otherwise the cases are classified as in the masculine. 90. Case-endings. The normal scheme of case - endings , as recognized by the native grammarians (and conveniently to be assumed as the basis of special descriptions), is this: Singular Dual Plural...
Pàgina 14 - IV. Accent. 80. The phenomena of accent are, by the Hindu grammarians of all ages alike, described and treated as depending on a variation of tone or pitch; of any difference of stress involved, they make no account. 81. The primary tones (svara) or accent-pitches are two : a higher (udatta, 'raised'), or acute ; and a lower (anudatta, 'not raised'), or grave.
Pàgina 134 - The members of such a compound may obviously be of any number, two or more. II. Determinative compounds, of which the former member is syntactically dependent on the latter, as its determining or qualifying adjunct: being either a noun limiting it in a case-relation, or an adjective or an adverb describing it. Thus may be distinguished two sub-classes : A.
Pàgina 21 - ... government" of nouns. But many adverbial words are used with nouns in a way which approximates them to the more fully developed prepositions of other languages. Words are used prepositionally along with all the noun-cases, except the dative (and of course the nominative and vocative). But in general their office is directive only, determining more definitely, or Declension.
Pàgina 9 - The lingual mutes are said to be uttered with the tip of the tongue turned up and drawn back into the dome of the palate, somewhat as the English (or rather American) smooth r, eg in very is pronounced. In practice European Sanskritists make no attempt to distinguish them from the dentals : t is pronounced like t, d like d, and so on.
Pàgina 22 - second', the genitive sasthl, 'sixth' (so. vibhakti, 'division', ie 'case';, etc. The object sought in the arrangement is simply to set next to one another those cases which are to a greater or less extent, in one or another number, identical in form ; and, putting the nominative first, as leading case, there is no other order by which that object could be attained. The vocative is not considered and named by the native grammarians as a case like the rest...
Pàgina 4 - The hook above, turning to the left or to the right, is historically the essential part of the character, having been originally the whole of it; the hooks were only later prolonged, so as to reach all the way down beside the consonant. In the MSS.. they almost never have the horizontal stroke drawn across them above, though this is added in all the printed forms of the characters*.
Pàgina 23 - S-stems; by other vowel-stems, with more or less considerable variations and modifications. The endings which have almost or quite unbroken range, through stems of all classes, are bhyam and os of the dual, and bAis, bhyas, am, and su of the plural.
Pàgina 2 - The forms of the rowel-characters given in the alphabetic scheme above are used only when the vowel forms a syllable by itself, or is not combined with a preceding consonant: that is, when it is initial, or preceded by another vowel. In combination with a consonant, other modes of representation are used. B. If more...
Pàgina 11 - The anusvara, n or m, is a nasal sound lacking that closure of the organs which is required to make a nasal mute; in its utterance there is nasal resonance along with some degree of openness of the mouth.

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