of acknowledging my indebtedness to the ingenuity and intelligence displayed by them in the discovery of certain illustrative documents. I have been constantly aided in the work of selection, translation, and editing by Dr. Helen Gertrude Preston of the Girls' High School of Philadelphia. Professor James Harvey Robinson, the editor of the series of which this volume is a part, through our long labors together over manuscript and proof, has often contributed the last and best word of suggestion, advice, or decision.

EDWARD P. CHEYNEY

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I-THE GEOGRAPHY OF ENGLAND

I. Accounts by Ancient Geographical Observers

1. Cæsar's description of Britain.

De Bello Gallico, Lib. v, c. 13.

2. Description by Diodorus Siculus

Library of Histories, Lib. v, cc. 21, 22; trans. in Monumenta

Historica Britannica, p. ii.

3. Tacitus' description.

Agricola, cc. 10, 12.

4. Gildas' description

PAGE

2

2

6

De Excidio Britanniae, Sect. 3; GILES, Six Old English

Chroniclers, p. 299.

II. Accounts by Modern Observers

5. Paul Hentzner's description of the Downs.

6

Travels in England, pp. 80 sq.

7

J. R. GREEN, The Making of England, pp. 8, 9-12.

6. A modern historian's interest

CHAPTER II - PREHISTORIC AND CELTIC BRITAIN

I. The First Contact of the Romans with the Britons

7. Cæsar's description of his first invasion

De Bello Gallico, Lib. iv, cc. 20-27.

8. Cæsar's description of his second invasion.

Ibid. Lib. v, cc. 8, 9, 18.

Geographia, Lib. iv; Monumenta Historica Britannica,

Dion Cassius, Lib. lx, cc. 19-23; Monumenta Historica
Britannica, p. liv.

15. Outline of the early campaigns

TACITUS, Agricola, cc. 13, 14.

16. The conquest of Anglesea and the revolt of Boadicea
TACITUS, Annales, Lib. xiv, cc. 30, 33-38.

II. The Organization and Defense of the Province

17. The administration of Agricola

TACITUS, Agricola, cc. 22, 21, 13.

18. The building of the wall, A.D. 120

ELIUS SPARTIANUS, Vita Hadriani, cc. 11, 12, 16; Monu-

menta Historica Britannica, p. lxv.

19. A visit of the Emperor Severus, A.D. 208-211

28

28

HERODIANUS, Lib. iii, c. 46; Monumenta Historica Britan-

nica, pp. lxiii sq.

20. The officials of the empire in Britain

30

Notitia Dignitatum,Vol. II, pp. 53, 74, 80, 114; ed. by Eduard
Boecking.

22. British signers at the Christian church council at Arles,

A.D. 314

THOMAS WRIGHT, The Celt, the Roman, and the Saxon,

pp. 127, 317, 326, 380.

32

HADDAN and STUBBS, Councils and Ecclesiastical Docu-

ments, Vol. I, p. 7.

III. Later Roman Britain

23. An account of the ravaging of Roman Britain

.

32

GILDAS, De Excidio Britanniae, Sects. 14-24, in Six Old
English Chroniclers, pp. 305-311; trans. by J. A. Giles.

24. The ruins of the city of Bath

COOK and TINKER, Translations from Old English Poetry,

pp. 56-57; trans. by Chauncey B. Tinker.

PAGE

· 33

CHAPTER IV-EARLY SAXON ENGLAND

I. The Anglo-Saxon Settlements

25. Gildas' account of the settlements .

35

De Excidio Britanniae, Sects. 23, 26; Six Old English Chron-

iclers, pp. 310, 313; trans. by J. A. Giles.

37

26. Bede's account of the settlement

Ecclesiastical History of England, Lib. i, c. xv; ed. and trans.
by J. A. Giles, pp. 23-25.

27. Extracts from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

Trans. by J. A. Giles, pp. 309–312.

II. The New Race

28. The Germans at home

TACITUS, Germania, cc. 4-16, in Translations and Reprints,

University of Pennsylvania, Vol. VI, No. 3; trans. by

Arthur C. Howland.

39

41

29. A feast in the hall

44

BEOWULF, Sect. 9, lines 1226-1267; adapted from Benjamin
Thorpe.

30. Anglo-Saxon charm

45

COOK and TINKER, Specimens of Old English Poetry, p. 167;
trans. by W. O. Stevens.

III. The Conversion to Christianity

31. Scene in the market place at Rome

BEDE, Ecclesiastical History, Lib. ii, c. 1 ; trans. by J. A. Giles,

p. 67.

46

Ibid. Lib. ii, c. 13; Lib. iii, c. 3; GILES, pp. 94-96, 98, 111-112.

34. The conversion of East Anglia

Ibid. Lib. ii, c. 15; Lib. iii, c. 18; GILES, pp. 98, 137.

35. Description of Cadmon

Ibid. Lib. iv, c. 24, in Cook and TINKER, Translations from
Old English Poetry, pp. 180-182; trans. by A. S. Cook.

36. A selection from the Exodus, a poem in imitation of

Cadmon

52

53

55

COOK and TINKER, Translations from Old English Poetry,
pp. 118-119; trans. by Henry S. Canby.

37. A letter from Charles the Great to Offa, king of

Mercia

HADDAN and STUBBS, Vol. III, pp. 496 sq.

CHAPTER V-LATER SAXON ENGLAND

I. The Attack of the Danes

38. A letter from Alcuin to the Kentishmen

HADDAN and STUBBS, Vol. III, p. 510.

PAGE

56

57

59

39. Extracts from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 787-882

BEDE, Ecclesiastical History and the Anglo-Saxon Chron-

icle, pp. 341-357; trans. by J. A. Giles.

II. Alfred and the Life of his Times

40. From Asser's Life of Alfred

63

Six Old English Chroniclers, pp. 51-77; trans. by J. A. Giles.

41. Dialogue between a teacher and pupils

.

69

Colloquium Elfrici, in KLIPSTEIN, Analecta Anglo-Saxon-

ica, Vol. I, pp. 195–214.

42. Rectitudines Singularum Personarum

73

THORPE, Ancient Laws and Institutes, Vol. I, p. 434.

43. The battle of Brunanburh

74

COOK and TINKER, Translations from Old English Poetry,

pp. 26-30; trans. by Alfred Tennyson.

THORPE, Diplomatarium Anglicanum, pp. 336 sqq.

45. Ordinance of King Edgar for the meeting of the hun-

dred, borough, and shire courts, about A.D. 975.

THORPE, Ancient Laws and Institutes of England, Vol. I,

p. 258; trans. by Benjamin Thorpe.

77

78

46. Rules for the ordeal of iron..

79

Concilium Greatanlea, can. vii and viii in HARDUIN, Acta

Conciliorum, Vol. VI, pt. I, col. 569.

47. Extracts from the Dooms of Alfred

80

THORPE, Ancient Laws and Institutes of England, Vol. I,

pp. 49-97.

CHAPTER VI THE DANISH AND THE NORMAN

CONQUESTS

I. The Danish Conquest

48. Extracts from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 991-1031

BEDE, Ecclesiastical History and the Anglo-Saxon Chron-

icle, pp. 389-412; trans. by J. A. Giles.

83