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Goldsmith, Dr, Oliver: Grecian History, from the Earliest Times

to the Death of Alexander the Great.

shaw. Philadelphia, 1823. 12mo.

Revised by W. Grim

This, from its posthumous publication, was long supposed the work of Goldsmith only in part. It is now known, however, to have been all his own, and its printing finished before his death.

Williams: Life of Alexander the Great. (Harpers' Family Library.) New-York, 1830.

18mo.

The excellent and copious book of St. Croix, Examen des Historiens d'Alexandre le Grand, has been translated by Sir Richard Clayton, Bath, 1793, 4to. See Arrian, above. The main further sources of information are Plutarch and Quintus Curtius. The latter is not worthy to be depended upon.

Xenophon See his Hellenica, in his Works (Græcé), among Polygraphs.

This has been translated by Spelman, London, 1770, 4to.

: Anabasis. See his Works as before.

The same, translated by Spelman; with his Cyropædia. (Harpers' Family Classical Library.) 2 vols. 18mo. 1831. Rennel has given illustrations of the Anabasis, London, 1816, 4to.

The following are the further original sources of Grecian history. The fragments of Ctesias, Agatharchides, Memnon, &c., Græcé, by Stephanus, 1557, 8vo. Creuzer, Fragmenta Historicorum Græcorum. Heidelberg, 1806. 8vo. (It embraces Hecateus Milesius, Charon Lampsacenus, Hellanicus Lesbius, &c.) Pherecydis Fragmenta. Gera, 1798. 8vo. Heraclidis Fragmenta. Halle, 1808. 8vo. Gemisthus Pletho. Leipsig, 1770. 8vo. Herodes Atticus. Ephori Cumai Fragmenta, edente Marx. Carlsruhe, 1815. 8vo. Itinerarium Alexandri Magni, &c., à Maio. Milan, 1817. 8vo. Selecta principum Historicorum Græcorum, à Wyttenbachio. Amsterdam, 1794. 8vo. Diodorus Siculus, à Wesselingio. Amsterdam, 1746. 2 vols. folio. There is a good translation by Booth.

Of moderns, the following are the chief in esteem. Muller, History of the Dorians. Clavier, Histoire des premiers temps de la Grèce. De Pauw, Recherches sur les Grecs. Rabaut St. Etienne, Lettre à Bailly, sur l'Histoire primitive de la Grèce. Young, History of Athens. For the political divisions of Greece before Homer, Schlegel's De Gegeoraphia Homeri. There are various important tracts, in Gronovius's Thesaurus Antiquitatum Græcarum. On the Grecian confederations, there is a book by St. Croix, Les Gouvernemens Féderatifs de l'Antiquité, and another by Titman, Ueber der Bund den Amphicktyonen. For minuter details, consult the references in Heeren's Manual.

Appendix.

Lempriere Classical Dictionary, a New Edition, with Additions, by Charles Anthon. New-York, 1812. 2 vols. 8vo.

Library of Entertaining Knowledge: Elgin and Phigaleian Marbles. London, 1833. 2 vols. 12mo.

Potter, John Antiquities of Greece. New-York, 1825. 8vo. Robinson, Rev. John: Antiquities of Greece. London, 1807. 8vo.

The great Collections of Gronovius and Polen; the Inscriptions of Gruter; Selden and Prideaux Marmora Arundeliana; Montfaucon's Antiquité Expliquée; the Dissertations of Hyde and Van Dale; with the works referred to in Mythol ogy, Architecture, &c., are necessary.

CHAPTER XLIII.

HISTORY. Ancient States. Rome.

Cæsar De Bello Gallico. New-York. 12mo.

can.

Cæsar Commentaries, translated into English, by William Dun(Family Library.) New-York, 1833. 2 vols. 18mo. Of the original, Oudendorp's edition, Leyden, 1737, 2 vols. 4to, is the best. Dionysius Hallicarnensis: Roman Antiquities. Translated, with Notes and Dissertations, by E. Spelman. London, 1758. 4

vols. 4to.

Of the original, Reiske's edition, Græco-latiné, Leipsig, 1774, 6 vols. 8vo, is the most esteemed. The translation of Spelman is good, and his notes upon this author-out of whom are drawn a large part of the corrections to Livy-are valuable.

Ferguson, Adam: History of the Progress and Termination of the
Roman Republic. Philadelphia, 1805. 3 vols. 8vo.
Gibbon, Edward: History of the Decline and
Empire. London, 1821. 12 vols. 8vo.

Fall of the Roman

The same. Philadelphia, 1804. 8 vols. 8vo. : The same. New-York, 1831. 4 vols. 8vo. Goldsmith, Oliver: Abridged History of Rome. 12mo. Hooke, N. Roman History from the Building of Rome to the Ruin of the Commonwealth. With Maps and Engravings. London. 3 vols. 8vo.

Histoire Romaine abrégée, à l'Usage de l'Ecole Royale Militaire. Paris, 1819.

12mo.

Justin Roman History.

:

Translated (with the Latin text) by

Clarke. London, 1780. 8vo.

He is the epitomator of the lost work of Trogus Pompeius. Of his text Gronovius's edition, Leyden, 1719, is perhaps the best.

Livy History of Rome, translated by G. Baker, with Notes and
Illustrations. Philadelphia, 1823.
Philadelphia, 1823. 6 vols. 8vo.

Of the original, Drackenborch's edition, Amsterdam, 1738-46, 7 vols. 4to, is the best. See Niebuhr, below; who is the great dissipator of Livy's beautiful and heroical fables. Also, the next article. Machiavelli: Discorsi sopra Tito Livio. graphs.

See his works, Poly

They are able and acute lectures on the character and policy of the Romans. Middleton, Conyers: Life of Cicero. Boston, 1818. 3 vols. 8vo.

The passages of Cicero's own works, which afford the main materials for this excellent and polished piece of biography, had been collected in the almost forgotten books of Bellendenus, "De statu prisci orbis," and "De tribus luminibus Romanorum." Of the former, there has been a revival, since Middleton's time, in an edition by Doctor Samuel Parr, to which he gave a curious preface,

G

remarkable at once for its elegant latinity and for its party violence. London, 1787. 8vo. Of the preface Beloe gave (anonymously) an English translation. London, 1788. 8vo.

Montesquieu, Baron de: Reflections on the Causes of the Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire, translated from the French. Glasgow, 1752. 12mo.

Niebuhr, B. G. History of Rome. Cambridge, 1831. 2 vols. 8vo.

These form a learned and acute series of dissertations, rather than a history. Cluverius, Vico, Freret, De Pouilly, and Beaufort had advanced many of those opinions, which are regarded as novel in him; and Heyne showed him the way, as to the Agrarian Laws.

Rogers, Eliza: Lives of the Twelve Cæsars. London, 1811. 5 vols. 8vo.

Rollin Histoire Romaine. Paris, 1816.

20 vols. 12mo.

Rollin, Charles History of Rome, from its Foundation to the Battle of Actium, or the End of the Commonwealth. London, 1754.

16 vols. 8vo.

The first seven volumes only are Rollin's; the sixth and seventh being posthumous. The rest is by Crevier (the editor of Livy), whose "Histoire des Empereurs Romains" forms the sequel of Rollin. It has been translated by John Mill. Le Beau's "Historie du Bas Empire" is also employed to complete Rollin.

Sallust: Jugurthine War and Catalinarian Conspiracy. Translated by Henry Stewart. Philadelphia, 1824. 8vo.

Havercamp is usually esteemed the best editor of Sallust's text. Amsterdam. 1742. 2 vols. 4to. The handsome and well-edited little edition of Professor Anthon is the only respectable American one.

Sismondi, J. C. L. de: History of the Fall of the Roman Empire. Philadelphia, 1835. 8vo.

Tacitus: Works, with an Essay on his Life and Genius, by Arthur Murphy. New-York, 1822. 6 vols. 8vo.

The best, but a sufficiently lifeless translation. Nor can the versions in other languages, though attempted by Rousseau, D'Alembert, and other masters in style, be said to give the slightest image of his manner. Montesquieu, if he had deigned to translate, could perhaps have succeeded in rendering him with something of his own spirit. Of his text, Brotier is perhaps the best editor. Paris, 1771. 4 vols. 4to.

Vertot, Abbé: History of the Revolutions that happened in the Government of the Roman Republic. London, 1770. 2 vols. 8vo. See also, in the preceding section, Polybius for a part of the transactions from the beginning of the second Punic War to the reduction of Macedon into a Roman province; and Plutarch for the lives of Roman kings and generals.

The following are the further original authors, in their better editions: Paterculus, Historia, à Ruhnken. Leyden, 1779. 2 vols. 8vo. Florus, Epitome; à Duker. Leyden, 1744. 2 vols. 8vo. Eutropius, Breviarium; à Sylburgio. Leyden, 1762. 8vo. Sextus Ruffus, Breviarium; à Cellario. Halle, 1698. 8vo.

Herodi

Aurelius Victor, Compendium; ab Arntzenio. Amsterdam, 1733. 4to. Appian, Historiæ; à Schweighæuser. Leipsig, 1785. 3 vols. 8vo. Suetonius, Duodecim Cæsares; à Crusio. Leipsig, 1816-18. 3 vols. 8vo. Dion Cassius, and Xiphilinus, Historiæ; à Fabricio. Hamburg, 1751. 2 vols. folio. an, Historiæ; ab Irmisch. Leipsig, 1789. 5 vols. 8vo. Zozimus, Historia Nova; à Cellario. Jena, 1720. 8vo. Ammianus Marcellinus, à Wagner. Leipsig, 1808. 3 vols. 8vo. Historia Augustæ Scriptores sex. Paris, 1620.

folio. Cornelius Nepos, à Tzschuke. Gottingen, 1804. 2 vols. 8vo. Orosius, Historia; à Havercamp. Leyden, 1767. 4to. Valerius Maximus; à Torrenio. Leyden, 1726. 2 vols. 4to.

The modern authors we shall not attempt to enumerate; mentioning only here, for important researches in the early Roman history, Micali's Italia, avanti il Dominio de, Romani. Florence, 1810. 4 vols. 8vo, and atlas; and Beaufort's Incertitude des Cinq Premiers siècles de l'Histoire Romaine. Hague, 1750. 2 vols. in one, 8vo.

Appendix.

Adam, Alexander: Roman Antiquities, or an Account of the Manners and Customs of the Romans. New-York, 1814. 8vo.

: The same, another copy.

Kennett, Basil: Romæ Antiquæ Notitia; or the Antiquities of Rome. To which are prefixed two Essays concerning the Roman Learning and the Roman Education. Edinburgh, 1812. 8vo. --: The same. Philadelphia, 1822.

8vo.

Of everything relating to Roman Antiquities, their religious rites, laws, military system, household economy, food, drinks, dress, arms, amusements, &c., an ample body exists in the collection of Grævius, entitled Thesaurus Antiquitatum Romanarum. Utrecht, 1694-1709. 12 vols. folio, and its suppliments, Pitiscus, Lexicon Antiquitatum Romanarum, and Sallengre, Thesaurus. These, with Grævius, Polen, and Gruter, form the proper series of works in Roman and Greek antiquities. In illustration of Roman manners, Lockhart has written a novel, Valerius; Sismondi another, Julia Severa; and Bulwer, his Pompeii; Florian, his Numa Pompilius. Greek manners have, in the same way, been imbodied in Ramsay's Voyages du Jeune Cyrus; by Lantier, in his Voyages d'Antenor; and by Chaussard, in his Fêtes et Courtisanes de la Grèce.

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Crichton, Andrew: History of Arabia, Ancient and Modern. (Harpers' Family Library.) New-York, 1834. 2 vols. 18mo.

Fraser History of Persia. See it in Geography.

:

Josephus Jewish Antiquities. Translated by W. Whiston. NewYork, 1824. 6 vols. 12mo.

: The same. Baltimore, 1830. 8vo.

Milman, Rev. H. H.: History of the Jews from the Earliest to the Present Time, with Maps and Engravings. (Harpers' Family Library.) 1830. 3 vols. 18mo.

Russell, Michael: View of Ancient and Modern Egypt. (Harpers' Family Library.) New-York, 1831. 18mo.

: Palestine, or the Holy Land, from the Earliest Period to the Present Time. (Harpers' Family Library.) New-York,

1832. 18mo.

Parry Journal of a Voyage for the Discovery of a Northwest Passage, in 1819, 20. Philadelphia, 1821. 8vo.

--: Second Voyage, in 1821-3.

: Third Voyage, in 1824, 5.

8vo.

New-York, 1824. Philadelphia, 1826. 8vo.

Polar Seas and Regions: Narrative of Discovery and Adventure in, with Illustrations of their Natural History, and an Account of the Whale Fishery. (Family Library.) New-York, 1831. 18mo.

Ross, Sir J.: Second Voyage in search of a Northwest Passage, 1829, 30, 1, 2, 3. Philadelphia, 1835. 8vo.

Supplement to the "Second Voyage," &c., of Sir J. Ross; containing the suppressed Facts, &c. By J. Braithwaite. London,

1835. 4to.

Snelling: Polar Regions of the Western Continent Explored. Boston, 1831. 8vo.

Tytler Historical View of the Progress of Discovery on the more Northern Coast of America. (Family Library.) New-York,

1833. 18mo.

The last book may be consulted for the names and voyages of the chief Arctic discoverers; and that entitled "Polar Regions" for those of the opposite hemisphere. There are also the following collections: Recueil de Voyages au Nord. Amsterdam, 1731. 10 vols. 12mo. Nouveau Recueil de Voyages au Nord de l'Europe et de l'Asie. Geneva, 1783. 3 vols. 4to. Coxe, Account of the Russian Discoveries between Asia and America. London, 1804. 4to. Muller, Voyages in Search of a Northeast Passage.

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Lavoisne Atlas, Chronological, &c. See Maps.

Nicholas, Sir Harris: Chronology of History (forming part of Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopædia.) London, 1833. 12mo.

Putnam, George P.: Chronology, or an Introduction and Index to Universal History, Biography, and Useful Knowledge, from the Earliest Period to the Present Time: with copious Lists of Remarkable Persons, &c.: to which are added Valpy's Poetical Retrospect, Literary Chronology, the latest Statistical Views of the World, and a Chart of History. New-York, 1833.

12mo.

The author of this useful little compilation was lately librarian to this institution. Salmon, Thomas the younger: The Chronological Historian; containing a regular Account of all Material Transactions and Occurrences, Ecclesiastical, Civil, and Military, relating to Eng

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