thusiasm, which by degrees, however, diminished, when it was discovered that they were artificial rather than sentimental, and displayed a deeper knowledge of mythology than genuine fervor of poetic genius. Savioli had his imitators, who shared the same fate; and, though numerous, they were soon forgotten. As usual, the critics were in the opposite extreme; and Savioli was considered as a very moderate poet, without reflecting that his odes were possessed of very considerable merit: but the unpardonable sin was, that, in his songs of love, he did not seem to feel like Petrarc. The editor of the Parnassus has not caught the general disgust; but has selected, in one of these volumes, many of his best productions. We find, in the fourth volume, sixteen Anacreontic odes, and. one hundred sonnets of Rossi. The latter are too numerous to be uniformly good; and, in reality, we find few, if any of them, above mediocrity. Rossi's Scherze. • Nella stagion gradita Che carca è sol di fronde, This edition is very correct, well printed, and adorned with some beautiful plates. The editor is Dr. Rosini, of Padua, who declares in his advertisement that he will print only what the different poets please to communicate, or what they allow him to select from their works. Epigrammi morali di Giuseppe Maria Pagnani, Carmelitano. Moral Epigrams of Joseph Maria Pagnani, a Carmelite. 8vo. Parma. Our author is little known beyond Italy, where he ranks with literary characters of the first eminence. Yet perhaps his admirers judge of him with some partiality, when they style him a very great philologist;' a fa-. mous teacher of belles lettres;' a copious orator;' an 'elegant poet,' &c. We have always considered him as a happy translator, rather than a poet of originality and genius: and he seems to have succeeded best in his translations from the Greek. With a flowery style and an easy versification, he often wants that warmth of sentiment which inspires the poct and entrances the reader. We might bring some instances from the present collection, but shall prefer transcribing two epigrams, which are perhaps among the best: Tutti fanni i grammatici • Bindo, se un crin perdesse a ogni bugia, The author promises, in his preface, a translation of Greek epigrams, in which we have little doubt of his success. Saggio di Versi estemporanei d'Amarilli Etrusca. Odi tre di Teresa Bandettini tra gli Arcadi Amarilli Etrusca. A Collection of extemporaneous Verses of Amaryllis of Tuscany. 8vo. Pisa. Three Odes of Teresa Bandettini, &c. 4to. Lucca.-Signora Bandettini is distinguished among the improvisatori of Italy, by the originality of her genius, the richness of her imagination, and an expression equally just and agreeable. Proofs of each quality occur in the two collections before us. The first contains six improvisi, which owe their origin to friendship. They are entitled-1. The Flight of Clelia ; 2. The Wars of the Giants; 3. The Death of Hercules; 4. The Meeting of Petrarc and Laura in the Church; 5. The Lamentation of Clizia; and 6. Pygmalion. The three first pieces are in ottave rime, the others in anacreontics. The fourth is full of those tender images which might, without disadvantage, place it beside those of Rossi. The odes in the second collection are on the naval victory of Nelson in Egypt; on the victories of Souworof in Italy; and on those of the archduke Charles. The first of these works is printed by Bondoni with all his usual brilliancy and elegance. RUSSIA. Historisch-Statisches Gemälde des Russischen Reichs, &c. An Historical and Statistical View of the Empire of Russia, at the End of the Eighteenth Century. By H. Storch. 4 Vols. 8vo. Petersburg. This work differs both from Mr. Tooke's and M. Georgi's, though it approaches more nearly to the former than the latter work. M. Georgi confines himself to a geographical and philosophical description of the Russian empire. Our present author treats exclusively of the condition of the inhabitants, both as it regards statistics and the interior administration. In the first two volumes, the author points out the civil state of the inhabitants of Russia; and in the third he traces the progress of Russian industry. The introduction to this volume describes the arts as passing successively from Greece to Novogorod and Kiew, which were destroyed by the Monguls, and again re-established by Ivan I and II, and Alexis Michaelowitz. The author then gives a view of all the manufactures furnished by Russia in 1674, adding what had been done by Peter the Great, Catharine II, and Paul I. What relates to the present state of industry in the Russian empire is divided into three sections. The first relates to the particular occupations of the inhabitants of the country. These are not agricultural only, but the manufacture of corn, oil, and sawing-mills, the preparation of tar, pot-ash, nitre, soap, leather, caviare, and isinglass. To these are added the means of encouraging and extending the different branches of national industry. In the second section he speaks of trades, and the measures taken by Catharine to raise their importance, in giving them stability and independence. He estimates those who live by trade to be about 350,000 in the whole empire. This section concludes with some considerations on the want of labourers in Russia, particularly in the working of metals. The third section is devoted to manufactures of different kinds, which are classed under forty-five heads. In the second part of this section our author examines the following questions: Whether it be advantageous to Russia to have manufactures? What branches should have the preference? and, What means of encouragement should the government employ? The fourth volume contains a particular account of the commerce of Russia, from the remotest æra to the time of Peter the Great. The periods are, 1. From the foundation of the empire to the establishment of the first board of commerce; 2. From that time to the re-establishment of the route of commerce across the Black Sea, in 1553, by English navigators; 3. To the acquisition of the shores of the Baltic, in 1703. The two parts which form the history of this æra contain the history of the Russian commerce on the White Sea, the Baltic, the Caspian, and the Euxine; the establishment of the two commercial cities Wologda and Jaroslow; the discovery and conquest of Siberia; the origin of the commerce with China; and the period of the construction of vessels at Woronesch and at Archangel. The volume is concluded by a statistical view of the commerce of Russia during the second part of the seventeenth century, under the reign of Alexis Michaelowitz. We may, of course, expect the continuation; but we have reason to apprehend that it is not very near. We find the last volume, which is intended for a supplement, will contain an account of the changes that have occurred during the impression, the observations collected by the author, a descriptive catalogue of all the works, charts, ukases, &c. employed; with a chronological table of important events. As M. Georgi's work is not common, this volume is introduced by a geographical abstract of the empire of Russia, and some observations on the orthography of Russian names. There is, we find, a French translation printed at Basle, said to be a very correct one. This is illustrated by a chart of the whole Russian empire, and another of European Russia. 7. Reiniggs Historische Topographische Beschreibung des Kaukasus. A Historical and Topographical Description of Caucasus, by J. Reinigg. Collected from his Manuscripts, by E. Schroeder. 2 Vols. 8vo. With Plates and Charts. Petersburg.- Caucasus, so celebrated in ancient and modern geography, is one of the primitive mountains of the old continent, which stretches its branches through Asia, and whose population, unlike other mountains, is so numerous, that it is supposed to furnish 600,000 men capable of bearing arms. The Caucasean nations differ in manners and language, but resemble each other in bravery, independence, contempt of civilisation, and activity. Like the Arabs of the Desert, their time is divided between war and inactivity; nor would the last be interrupted, but for the desire of plunder. From the general resemblance in disposition, they might be taken for the same race; but their features and language differ, so that they must certainly be different tribes, whose origin is lost in the remotest antiquity. The author visited these people five different times. Possessed of a spirit of observation, and acquainted with many of their dialects, he had an opportunity of collecting much new information. He assumed also the appearance of a Mahometan, and practised physic-two circumstances which procured him access to the principal people, and removed all restraint. On his return to Petersburg, where he enjoyed the office of counsellor of state, and perpetual secretary of the Imperial College of Medicine, he employed his leisure hours in collecting and arranging his materials, and completing his description of Caucasus and its inhabitants-the result of his numerous visits. Death however checked his labour; but his papers passed into the hands of M. Schroeder, who has published them with great care, and enriched them with his own observations and some additions. The work contains much curious information respecting the topography of Caucasus, the government, manners, languages, and religion of its inhabitants. There are few remarks on natural history; not that the author was inattentive to the subject; but we are informed, in the introduction to the second volume, that this part of the manuscript could not be found. Another manuscript, which has been preserved by the succes sors of the author, relates to the opinion, that we may yet discover in the Crimea, and atong the shores of the Euxine, the descendents of the ancient Goths, whose language has some analogy with the Low Saxon or German. We may find them very certainly in Saxony, Germany, and almost every part of Europe; but the dissertation is curious, and it occurs in the second volume, with the life of M. Reinigg, compiled by Gerstenberg. The map of Caucasus is drawn by the author, and corrected by himself and lieutenant-colonel Thorzon. A copy of this, with one of the manuscripts, was presented to prince Potemkin, in the possession of whose descendents it may still remain: the original was communicated to the editors by lieutenant-colonel Thorzon. We may be tempted, on a future occasion, to give a fuller account of this work; but we wish to see it in the English language. SWEDEN. Kong! Vetenskaps Academicus nya Hadlingar, &c. New Memoirs of the Academy of Sciences at Stokholm. Vol. XX. Of the Year 1799. 4to. Stokholm.-We have said, that we must resign every pretension to an extensive account of the memoirs of foreign academies, if we except only those of France. We do it however from necessity only, and with regret-a regret which we feel more acutely on turning over this interesting volume. The only consolation which we feel is, that some of the more important memoirs will occur to us in other collections. Our readers may recollect for the labours of this respectable society are not new in our annals-that the annual volume is divided into four parts, each, from its period, styled trimestre. The first contains seven memoirs. 1. On the determination of currents at sea, or a method of finding, while under sail, at three different periods and in three different places, the direction of a current by a signal from the shore. 2. Observations on M. Plouquet's method of determining, from the appearance of the lungs, whether a child has breathed. 3. A description of a pellicule (pterygium) attached to the eye from the birth, by J. G. Pipping. 4. Two cases produced by rheumatic affections, fatal in their consequences, by C. M. Blom. 5. Observations on the tourmalin, by A. Modeer. 6. A description of some new species of Swedish insects, by J. Paykul. One of these is the dysticus, of which the author has described twenty-seven species, unknown to Linnæus in his Fauna Suecica. He has promised to publish the continuation of his discoveries in these memoirs. 7. On the effects which manual labour can produce, applied to machines moved with handles, by J. E. Norberg. The second trimestre contains eight memoirs. 1. Experiments on living queen bees, by G. Adlermark. 2. A description of a new species of nutmeg from Ceylon and Java, by Thunberg. Myristica glomerata, foliis oblongis acuminatis subtus tomentosis, floribus masculis, glomerato-capitatis. 3. Lampris, a new species of fish described by A. J. Retzius, unknown to Linnæus and Block, but described by Pennant, Sibrand, Stroem, Duhamel, Brunnich, and La Cépède. Brunnich calls it Zeus guttatus, and classes it among the abdominales- Os edentuJum; maxillis mediis; lingua carnosâ latâ; membranâ branchiostegâ radiis sex; foramen longum pone pinnas pectorales; sternum osseum.' 4. Longitudes and latitudes of different places in Sweden, determined by astronomical and chronometrical observations, by N. G. Schulten. 5. Continuation of the description of new insects, by J. Paykul. 6. Extracts from a |