cessity of a revolution. The pamphlet is written with great spirit; and the late ministers and their abettors are treated in a manner which may justly call to their recollection the haughty and imperious language used by themselves in the plenitude of their power.

ART. 15.-Reflexions at the Conclusion of the War: being a Sequel to "Reflexions on the political and moral State of Society at the Close of the Eighteenth Century." By John Bowles, Esq. 8vo. 25. 6d. Rivingtons.

The old story-War without end with the French republicPraises of monarchy-Invectives against the Jacobins and the WhigsTrite maxims about the balance of power. This furious Anti-Jacobin, who resembles his adversaries in the worst features of their character, (for extremes very frequently coincide) has the cacoëthes scribendi so strongly upon him, that the universal joy expressed by the nation on the return of peace cannot prevent him from raking in the ashes of the now extinguished war for a subject; nor can any thing convince him, that, the delusion being over, his sentiments are beginning to be as unpopular as they are contrary to the principles maintained by our forefathers at the revolution.

ART. 16.-A Supplement to Reflexions on the political and moral State of Society, at the Close of the Eighteenth Century: in which the political State of Society is continued to the Month of June 1801. by John Bowles, Esq. 8vo. 1s. Rivingtons,

Bonaparte is termed an usurper, the Corsican usurper, the consular patron of traitors and incendiaries, the wily Corsican, a public robber, &c. &c.' and he is said to be inexpressibly solicitous to conceal that ceaseless war is his fixed resolve. Unfortunately for the author, the present negotiations give the lie direct to his last assertions, and there is little more propriety in terming Bonaparte an usurper than in vilifying William the Third with the same character. But whatever may be the crimes of the Corsican hero, he has not hitherto usurped a crown; and the language of this furious Anti-Jacobin tends to no good purpose whatever. The pamphlet may find readers, but the mind must be in a strange state indeed which can be pleased with such a tissue of folly and falsehood. ART. 17.-The Preliminary Articles of Pence, between the United Kingdom of Great-Britain and the French Republic, as ratified by both Parties. With Observations, &c. &c. 8vo. 6d. Symonds. The pamphlet is patched together from the newspapers, and contains the letter of Lord Hawkesbury to the Lord Mayor, an extract from the gazette, and the preliminary articles; to which are added between two or three pages of remarks of no great importance. ART. 18.-Thoughts on the Preliminary Articles of Peace. By a Kentish Clergyman. 8vo. 1s. 6d. Rivingtons. 1801.

This pamphlet is written with the best intentions, but it was scarcely necessary to give these thoughts to the public. For almost every one, except a few of the more violent Anti-Jacobins, are satisfied with the preliminary articles, and confide in the sincerity of all

parties concerned in the present negotiations, for a proof that the interests of France and England will be mutually consulted, and that the approaching peace will be established on as permanent a basis as can be expected in the present situation of Europe.

ART. 19.-Reflexions on the Preliminaries of Peace between GreatBritain and the French Republic. By B. Flower. 12mo. 4d. Crosby and Letterman.

The contents of this pamphlet have been very widely circulated. They were first inserted in a provincial newspaper, entitled the Cambridge Intelligencer, by the author, who is also the publisher of that paper; in which state they met with so much approbation, that it was thought proper to give them their present edition. One gentleman took five hundred copies to distribute among his friends, and more than one copy, there is reason to believe, was sent to the exminister. His measures are treated with the utmost severity; the real state of our preliminaries is placed in its true colours, and the whole is summed up in few words: From France the ministers have gained nothing-to France they have yielded every thing. This is clearly established by the terms of the preliminary articles, and the vain boastings of the ex-minister and his advocates are contrasted with the feelings which they must possess in their present fallen situation. The language used in this pamphlet is remarkably nervous and strong; it evinces an undaunted spirit; and they who talked of the facility of marching to Paris will find very great difficulty in warding off this severe and animated attack upon their conduct. ART. 20.-Profusion of Paper-Money, not Deficiency in Harvests; Taxation, not Speculation, the principal Causes of the Sufferings of the People. With an Appendix, containing Observations on the Report of the Committee of the House of Commons appointed to inquire into the High Price of Provisions and an important Inference from Mr. H. Thornton's Speech in Parliament on March 26. By a Banker. 8vo. Is. Jordan. 1802.

There is much truth in this pamphlet, and people in general begin. now to be convinced of a fact which is well stated, and in few terms, in the work before us. • What was a shilling before the year 1797 is now only ninepence; and while a labourer suffers the loss of a fourth part of his wages, he is made to pay, by the operation of an income-tax, ten per cent. on every article of his consumption." This pamphlet should be added to those of Mr. Boyd, sir F. Baring, and Mr. Frend, whose publications are animadverted upon, though the author bends to the sentiments of Mr. Boyd. The surprise expressed at the silence of the committee of the house of commons on the Bank's stoppage of payment reminds us of the assiduity with which Black Jack assisted Tom Jones in the search after his pocketbook. Every place was hunted over and over again, except onethe pocket of the game-keeper; and of course poor Tom lost his five hundred pounds.

ART. 21.-A Hint of the Chouan Army's having been but a Snare fabricated by the Jacobins themselves!!! 4to. 25. Spragg. 1801. The atrocities of the Jacobins have been a sufficient scourge to Europe and to themselves; but of the exploit attributed to them by

this author, there seems to be neither proof nor reasonable ground for suspicion. It cannot be imagined that so long a warfare should have been carried on, and such a number of emigrant officers been engaged in the contest, without a more early discovery of the treachery by which this writer supposes all their plans were frustrated, and themselves sacrificed, for the greater part, either in the field or by the guillotine.

ART. 22.-Proposals to Government for establishing that System of Regulations most favourable to the keeping the Price of Corn at what it ought to bear; from the Quantity of Corn grown Annually being accurately ascertained. For the best Mode of giving such Assistance to the Cultivators of the Waste Lands, as shall be safest to the Country, and most advantageous to them. With Reflexions on the Advantages and Disadvantages of Country Banks; also on the Mode and Expediency of bringing Gold into Circulation in this Country, equally is Bullion as Coin. 8vo. 25. Longman and Rees. 1801.

One proposal is, to put our farm-yards under the excise, and to publish in the county papers, four times a-year, the changes that have occurred in the said farm-yards, and the names of persons by whom purchases have been made. We would recommend to the writer to calculate the number of excisemen to be employed on this occasion, and also the quantity of newspapers which would be filled by the grain transactions of every county; and when he has done this, he will perceive something of the expense by which he will acquire a very poor insight into the quantity of grain in this kingdom. We would recommend also to this writer to read over his proposal to some intelligent man who has been a farmer, from whom he will learn how accurately an exciseman, by measuring stacks in a farmyard, will be able to ascertain the quantity of grain to be derived from it. Will government, moreover, be, or ought it to be, at all this trouble, to satisfy an idle curiosity? If corn could be put in this manner under the excise, the next step would be to tax it: and surely, instead of throwing baits out to ministers for further burthens on the country, the zeal of all speculative men should be employed in proposing the means of freeing it from many of those which exist at present. Some writers seem not to be aware that government is instituted for very different purposes, than executing all the airy schemes of the fanciful and the speculative,

RELIGION.

ART. 23.—Advice to a Minister of the Gospel, in the united Church of England and Ireland; being a Continuation of Advice to a Student in the University to which is added, A Sermon on the Pastoral Care. By John Napleton, D. D. 8vo. 2s. 6d. sewed. Sael and Co.

1801.

The author follows his pupil, whom he is supposed to have superintended during his course of studies at the university, to the duties which devolve upon him in consequence of having been ordained a priest, continues his watchful care, and presents him with many useful precepts for the exercise of various pifices in the church. He is first considered as a priest and an incumbent ; and next successively

as an archdeacon, a chancellor, a bishop. Throughout the whole the writer keeps in view that there are solid duties to be performed, and that these preferments are not mere offices of temporal dignity and emolument. In the office of incumbent the care of a parish evidently requires residence, and the obligation to residence is well and strenuously enforced. The strict attention requisite in giving a title for holy orders is well inculcated, though the writer runs into a vulgar error when he asserts that ordination and the clerical character are indelible,' as even in the popish church, whence the error originated, this maxim is not acknowledged; and there have been instances of the highest dignity, that of cardinal, having been laid aside with the approbation of the pope, the ordination being annulled, and the priest becoming a married man and a temporal prince. In our own church, also, a priest may be stripped of his gown, and excommunicated. On the studies of the incumbent we see with pleasure that the writer enforces the necessity of making the Greek text of the Scriptures familiar to him, and of reviewing the whole volume of Scripture in the original languages. An incumbent who is ignorant of Greek and Hebrew seems to us unworthy of his of fice; and the least return he can offer to the state for the temporal benefits conferred on him is to make his Bible in Hebrew and Greek his daily study. Daily use will make it incredibly pleasant to him; and an established clergy ought to be a learned body. We despur, however, of seeing the excellent advice of this writer pursued till the bishops constitute the translation of a chapter in the Hebrew Bible an essential to the ordination of a deacon. In this case the dispute about points is of no consequence, as the candidate will have only his Bible open before him, with pen, ink, and paper, and is to deliver to the chaplain the translation in writing. A distinction should naturally be made between the examination of a deacon and a priest : from the former the mere translation of a chapter might be required; from the latter an explanation of critical difficulties in the language. -Another caution to episcopal chaplains we transcribe with great pleasure:-

I have one particular caution to offer to my successors in this office, namely, to resist all solicitation to recommend to the bishop an imperfect candidate for deacon's orders, in the hope of finding him, by promised intervening diligence, better qualified at his examination for priest's. Generally the same causes will continue to operate: if they do not, the candidate will be substantially benefited by being postponed to a future ordination, as he will then be ordained a deacon with satisfaction and honour: if they do, the examiner will have escaped a very painful dilemma, of being driven by one error to commit a second, or of advising to leave the candidate a deacon, excluded from secular employments, in a situation neither beneficial to himself nor useful to the church.

Literature, and sacred literature in particular, is requisite to a clergyman, not only as it is necessary to the edifying discharge of his pastoral duties, but as it forms and shows the turn of his mind, influences and implies his habits of life, fills up his time, makes him happy at home, detains him from pursuits improper in kind or ex

cessive in degree, keeps his mind in a due tone for every work of his ministry-in every view, it is a vital part of his character. If parents will persist in destining a child to this profession, whether qualified or not by nature and industry, and finally offer him in vain, the disappointment is severe, but might have been foreseen: and if a young man, with the advantage of an expensive education at the university, will not, from the dawning reason of sixteen to the more enlightening age of three-and-twenty, under the assistance and warnings of his tutors and governors, look forward, and qualify himself, the disappointment is alike severe; but he is less to be pitied than his partial, and frequently ill-advised, parents: and I trust that I do not exceed the bounds of candour and hnmanity, if, for the discouragement of dissipation and idleness, I wish you hereafter to say to such a one, in the language (nearly) of the Roman consul-" Adolescentes corrupti desidia ita ætatem agunt, quasi honores nostros contemnant: ita hos petunt, quasi honeste vixerint. Næ illi falsi sunt, qui diversissimas res pariter expectant, ignaviæ voluptatem, et præmia virtutis *." P. P. 84.

To the young incumbent this work will be an acceptable present; and if he peruse it in every gradation of his ecclesiastical functions with due care, he will be well qualified to rise, and to be an ornament in the church.

ART. 24.-A Sermon on the Sin of Adultery, preached at Weymouth, on Sunday August 30th, 1801. By the Rev. M. H. Luscombe, A. B. Curate of Windsor. 8vo. Is. Rivingtons. 1801.

The pulpit is not the place to issue the proclamation, that it is now time to crush with the high hand of authority the violaters of the marriage vow,' nor to deliver a panegyric on living characters; which, however true, may render the preacher liable to a suspicion of flattery. The Gospel contains motives, and the holy Scriptures at large, instances, sufficient for the ablest preacher, without interfering with the legislature, or having recourse to modern biography. ART. 25.-Reflexions, occasioned by the Distresses of the Times. A Sermon, preached in the Parish Church of Leeds, being one of the Lent Lectures there for 1801. By the Rev. James Milner, A.M. 8vo, 6d. Rivingtons. 1801.

From the denunciation of the prophet against wicked, and the promise of returning mercy to repentant, nations, the preacher takes occasion to inquire, whether the circumstances of the times lead us to conclude that we are in the former or the latter state? The neglect of the Sunday, the unconcern of parents for the religious education of their children, the irreligious situation of young people, particularly those engaged in manufactures, the number of prostitutes and robbera, are strong arguments against us; and we are hence exhorted to turn with the more earnestness to the paths of religion.

ART. 26.-A Sermon preached at Durham, July 21, 1801, at the Visitation of the Honourable and Right Reverend Father in God, Shute, Lord Bishop of Durham. By Robert Gray, B. D. &c. 4to. 25. Rivingtons. 1801.

The advantages attendant on the mode by which the truths of the

*Sallust. Bell. Jugurth,