by no means agreeable, and exhorted them not to be ungrateful to God and you; since they had obtained more than they had dared to hope for; that they should follow my recommendations, and henceforth act in all circumstances by my advice, and shew themselves friendly towards me, and admonish the whole church of their duty towards me. Then turning to me apart, he offered me his good offices, and that I might have familiar access to him as often as I wished. I requested that all matters in our church might be determined by his authority, by which means our people would be more effectually kept to their duty; and that he would be pleased to be present, or rather to preside, at the reading of your letter to them. He replied, that in this matter he resigned all his authority to myself, but that he would willingly attend if he could be of any use. afterwards added something about appointing as my colleague Peter Alexander, who was acceptable to the people, and had begun to gather a church before my arrival; and who was the more acceptable because he neither required any salary, nor was likely to become a burden to what is now a poor and necessitous church; for he has a valuable prebend at Canterbury, the revenue of which he could easily receive during his absence, under the plea of this appointment. I replied that I would farther deliberate and confer with him upon this matter; but that I would take no steps without consulting him."1

He

Gallasius remained in England only three years. Perhaps he found his life there made unpleasant by some troubles which he experienced from a colleague, Peter Alexander, of Arles, who had lived in the family of the archbishop Cranmer, and who afterward had been pastor of the French church at Strasburg. But be this as it may, there were serious reasons relating to his health, which compelled him to return, as the bishop himself informs us in the following letter, the original of which is in the public library (Bibliothéke publique) at Geneva. It is addressed to Calvin, and dated at London, June 19, 1563:—

1 The Zurich Letters, Vol. II. Ep. 29.

"We are much indebted, most illustrious master Calvin, to your piety, and also to your whole church, for having so long afforded us the services of the most learned master Gallasius; who has not only left to his successor, master Cousins, in a state of quietness and good order, the church which he found, at his coming, in a most disturbed condition, but has also, by his advice and prudence, been of great use both to myself and our churches. I should not, indeed, have willingly let him go, had he not had a better reason for leaving us than we could wish. Our climate, it seems, does not agree with his constitution, and has greatly injured his health, besides depriving him of a beloved wife (to say nothing of his children); so that him whom we now send back as an invalid, there would be reason to fear, if he remained among us another winter, that we should not send back at all. It was, therefore, of the first importance for him to return to his native air for the recovery of his health; and we desire nothing more earnestly than that you may, each of you, be enabled freely to preach the gospel in your common country. Although, in the present state of things, partly through the delay or rather tardiness of some parties, and partly through the over-hasty conduct of others (to use no severer term), there seems but little hope of this; yet I doubt not but that God himself, by means unknown to us, that we may not glory in men, will bring the whole matter to a happy issue. I grieve from my heart that at your age, and with so slender a frame, you have been attacked, as Gallasius informs me, with a fit of the gout. I have no doubt but that you have contracted this disorder by excessive study and exertion. Henceforth, therefore, you must relax somewhat of your former labours and unseasonable lucubrations; lest, by not sparing yourself, you greatly increase your disease, and become of less benefit to the church. Think of Gregory Nazianzen, who, because he did not, when advanced in years, relax at all from that austerity which he practised in early life, was almost constantly obliged to keep his bed, and on that account was rendered less useful to the church. As you and

Bullinger are almost the only chief pillars remaining, wel desire to enjoy you both (if it please God) as long as possible. I purposely omit mention of Brentius, who, having undertaken the advocacy of the very worst of causes, seems no longer to acknowledge us as brethren.

Master Gallasius, who brings you this letter, can give you the best information of the state of our kingdom and church; so that I have at this time no occasion to write upon these subjects. Salute, I pray you, in my name, master Beza and your other colleagues; as also master Antony, the professor of Hebrew. May the Lord Jesus very long preserve your pious colony to us and to his church.

Your most devoted in the Lord,

EDMUND GRINDAL..

Bishop of London.

This letter has been translated and printed in the collection of the Zurich Letters. It is pleasant to meet with such sentiments of respect and affection for Calvin, on the part of one of the leaders of the Anglican church, who was also one of the signers of the letter written from Frankfort on the 5th of April, 1555, from which some passages were cited in the earlier part of this Article (page 476).

As to Gallasius himself, he appeared, on his return, before the Council, and presented his letters of recommendation from the French church at London, and of the English "who had formerly resided in Geneva, and cherished still a lively sense of the benefits which they had received here." In the following year he was called to serve the church at Orleans; and after 1571 he fixed himself permanently in his original country, with the sanction of the Council, at the special solicitation of the queen of Navarre.2

GOODMAN'S LETTER TO CALVIN.

It would be inexcusable to part from this subject without reprinting, here, at least one of the several elegant Latin

Zurich Letters, Vol. II. Ep. 42.

2 Registre du Conseil. vol. de 1563, fol. 85, July 30.

epistles which, for the scholar, give so much interest to the dissertation of M. Heyer, on which the present Article has been founded. The Latin language, it is well known, was in that age, the medium of intercourse between the men of learning of different nations, and was almost as familiar to them as their own vernacular tongue. The following letter bears witness to the continued friendship, which these participants in so many common labors and dangers in the work of Christ cherished towards each other, after the cessation of their personal intercourse.

Eruditionis et pietatis eximiae viro, D. suo colendissimo D.J. Calvino, ecclesiae Genevensis fidelissimo pastori.

Ignosce mihi colendissime praeceptor, si cum multa scribenda nunc forent, tam paucis utor: nam sola excusatio tam diuturni silentii, paucis contenta non esset, nec status verum nostrarum narratio laconismum patereter. Quibus (ut par esset) exponendis, neque otium nunc datur, neque negotium sustinet: quemadmodum ab isto, qui haec tibi laturus sit, plenius cognosces. Non me excuso, quod tanto temporis intervallo, nullas prorsus ad te (cum non ego solum sed tota Anglia tantopere debet) literas dedi. Solum hoc abs tua humanitate impetrare contendo, ne ulla beneficiorum istic acceptorum oblivione factum putes, sic enim me ipsum vita hac indignissimum judicarem: neve quod ulla unquam defuerit prompta voluntas huic officio praestando, modo vel internunciorum oportunitas, vel locorum, in quibus ut plurimum versatus fui, commoditas votis respondissent. Res nostrae variae multaeque sunt, de quibus audire (si daretur) non esset prorsus injucundum: sed omnia hujus honestissimi pariterque pii juvenis narrationi refero, ut ab eo, cum visum fuerit et vacaverit audias. Est enim apud vos mansurus doctrinae et verae pietatis adipiscendae gratia: qui et hic spectator et actor tragediae, ut plurimum, interfuit. Quo nemo rei initium, progressum vel finem, quem nunc Dei clementia nacta sit, melius aut verius exponet. Ab eo quoque religionis formam, continuationis spem, ministrorum penuriam, ceteraque impedimenta et hos'es cognosces: in quibus evitandis malis, consilium tuum tempestivum ac saluberrimum desideratur: Ne quod divina clementia partum sit, nostra socordia merito amittamus. Quod ad me attinet, est quod Deo gratias ingentes agam, cujus beneficio, bonorum animi in me propensi sunt, nec est, cur aliqua in re conquerer. Tantum in hac ministrorum paucitate expecto, donec omnia (quod religionem) melius disponantur et stabiliantur postea reversus in patriam meam, si Deo videbitur. Nam nunc (ut audio) incipiunt nostri gnatones in Anglia persenticere, quod parum profuit illorum adulatio et invidia: qui ut aliis nocerent, superstitionem, repugnante conscientia, mixerunt, religionem violarent, tandemque in odium bonorum omnium, justo Dei judicio, incurrerunt. Adeo ut nullus

veritatis zelus, nulla pietatis exempla, nulla denique pessimorum hominum supplicia, ullibi compareant. Impietas, superbia, avaritia, luxus, omnes ut plurimum occupant, et passim omnibus in locis grassantur; porro sentiunt quem promoverunt, et in coelos usque extulerunt, faeminae gubernationis fructum. Deus pro sua infinita misericordia, iram suam, quam sumus commeriti et procuramus quotidie, procul a nobis avertat. Whittingamo nostro, cui silentium ob libertatem loquendi impositum fuit, linguam relaxarunt, idque absque ulla conditione, quod nullam voluerit admittere. Cum nostris qui apud vos fuerunt, durius agitur: sed nostrae probationis tempus est, aequum namque videri debet, ut aliquam crucis portionem sustineamus, qui tam longa conscientiarum tranquilitate, nobiscum terque quaterque beatis, in vestra beata civitate Dei, fruebamur: cujus memoria omnem mihi molestiam non levat modo, sed aufert penitus. Frater noster Johannes Knoxoeus, scio ad te scribet, itaque de eo prolixius agere supervacaneum judico. Uxore sua piissima privatus ipse non satis validus corpore, animo tamen robustus, laboribus nunquam caedit. Tempestivus erat illius in Scotiam adventus, et non minus necessaria, nunc praesentia ; cui precor annorum numerum, in patriae suae commodum et ecclesiae progressum augeri. Est etiam alius Johannes Wollocus diligens minister, et strenuus veritatis propugnator. Juvenes praeterea nonnulli bonae spei manum operae admovent. Sed istis commemorandis finem imponam, atque hunc juvenem D. Jacobum Kyrkcaldy, nobili Scotorum genere prognatum, religionis studiosissimum, et optimis moribus praeditum, tuae pietati commendo, simulque obsecro et obtestor, ut illi de hospite bono ac fideli, quocum permaneat, prospicias: sive ex ministris, sive ex praelectoribus, quos, scio, ejus familiaritatis nunquam poenitebit. Nominabam illi Dominum Danionem et Dominum Baesa, inter, caeteros, quibuscum se optime fore non dubito. Sed tuo judicio acquiescet per omnia, et pro omnibus, quae accepturus sit, satisfaciet. Ministros omnes queso ut meo nomine salutes potissimum D. Viretum et Dom. Farellum: Omnibus autem, tibi vero potissimum, totique Senatui vestro, me, quoad vixero debitorem contestor. Deus Opt. M. te tuosque omnes in ecclesiae solatium, quam diutissime conservet

S. Andre, 13 februarii, anno Domini 1561.

E Scotia.

Tui studiosissimus Christophorus GOODMANUS.