bian Magazine, a monthly. The associates disagreeing he withdrew in December, and in the next January commenced the American Museum, a monthly magazine, intended, as he informs us, "to preserve the valuable fugitive essays that appeared in the newspapers." It was continued with very indifferent success, but with marked ability, for six years. The volumes contain a greater mass of interesting and valuable literary and historical matter, than is to be found in any other of our early American magazines. In 1791 he married Miss B. Flahavan. On the discontinuance of the Museum he commenced business as a bookseller on an humble scale, a large portion of his stock consisting of spelling-books. He was present, he informs us, for twenty-five years at the opening of his store, and uniting enterprise with thrift, established one of the most important publishing houses in the Union. In 1793, during the prevalence of the yellow fever, he was an active member of the Committee of Health, and by his personal observation, in visiting and attending the sick, accumulated a quantity of information, which he collected in a large pamphlet, on the rise, progress, effects, and termination of the disease, of which four editions were sold. He was, in the same year, the founder of the Hibernian Society for the relief of emigrants from Ireland; and in 1796 united with some half dozen citizens, under the lead of Bishop White, in the formation of the first Sunday-school society in the United States. He became about the same time involved in a controversy with William Cobbett. In 1802 he issued an edition in quarto of the Bible, called the standing edition, from the circumstance of the entire volume being kept in type to supply the demand for re-impressions. With the exception of Luther's Bible, the type of which is said to have been left standing for over a century, this is believed to have been the first edition of the Holy Scriptures thus issued. The invention of stereotyping soon after obviated the necessity of so costly an expedient. On the first of June of the same year the booksellers and printers of the Union met in New York, at the suggestion of Mr. Carey, under whose guidance an association similar to the Book Fairs of Germany was formed, under the presidency of their oldest associate, Hugh Gaine. The plan did not work well, and after four or five years was abandoned, its place being subsequently occupied by the Trade Sales. In 1806, while a member of the Select Council of Philadelphia, Mr. Carey published a pamphlet in favor of subjecting personal property to taxation as well as real estate. An ordinance to effect this object was passed by the Select but rejected by the Common Council of the city. In 1810 he again appeared before the public, in opposition to the party with which he was connected, as an advocate for the renewal of the charter of the United States Bank. He conducted his share of the controversy with great energy, writing frequent articles in the newspapers, and publishing pamphlets also of his own composition, which he distributed at his own expense. In 1814 he published the Olive Branch, a work designed to harmonize the two furiously antagonistic parties of the country. Ten editions were exhausted, forming in all ten thousand copies, an immense sale for that period. Its influence was as extensive as VOL. 1.-41

its circulation, and it probably contributed in no slight degree towards that political repose which marked the administration of Monroe,

M.Minking

In 1817 the agitation of Catholic emancipation in Ireland urged Carey to the prosecution of & design which he had long had in contemplation. He was still further excited by the publication of Godwin's novel of Mandeville, presenting in powerful colors a view which he considered unjust of the Irish insurrection of 1641. In consequence of this he set to work to prepare an account of his native country which should expose the errors and misstatements of English historians. He made a large collection of materials, and planned his work with great deliberation, but sent his manuscript as fast as each day's work was completed to the printer, so that it was in type almost as soon as written. It appeared under the title of Vindicia Hibernica in 1818, with such success that four editions were called for.

Mr. Carey shortly after became a warm advocate of a protective tariff. He published from 1819 to 1833 no less than fifty-nine separate pamphlets on this subject, amounting to twenty-three hundred and twenty-two pages. Many of these passed through several editions, were reprinted in newspapers, and regarded as authoritative and valuable exponents of the views they advocated. In addition to these publications Mr. Carey was a frequent advocate in the newspapers of the same opinions. In 1833 and '4 he contributed to the New England Magazine his Autobiography, in an extended and somewhat desultory series of articles.

In addition to these literary labors and those connected with his extensive business relations, Mr. Carey was an active advocate of the internal improvements of his city and state, especially of the construction of the Chesapeake and Delaware canal. He was throughout his life a benevolent man, and towards its close his attention was chiefly devoted to the relief of the many who sought his aid in the furtherance of associations of

benevolence. He died in the city with which he had so long and so honorably identified his interests on the 16th of September, 1839.

WILLIAM MUNFORD.

WILLIAM MUNFORD was born in Mecklenburg county, Virginia, August 15, 1775. His father, Col. Robert Munford, a distinguished patriot of the Revolution, was the author of two dramatic compositions, entitled "The Candidate" and "The Patriots," illustrating the political corruption of his day, which, with some minor poems, were published at Petersburg, Va., in 1798.*

The son, early left by his father's death in the charge of his mother, a lady of superior accomplishments, was educated at William and Mary, where he was the pupil of the eminent George Wythe, from whom he derived a taste for classical literature, which accompanied him through life. Having further studied law with Wythe, at the early age of twenty-one, in 1797, he was elected to the House of Delegates from his native county, and after a service of four years was chosen a senator from the district. In that body he also served a term of four years, and, at the end of that period was elected a member of the Privy Council of State, when he changed his residence to Richmond. He continued in the Council until the year 1811, when he received the honorable and lucrative appointment of Clerk of the House of Delegates, an office which he held till his death. Besides the faithful discharge of these public trusts, he reported for several years the decisions of the Supreme Court of Appeals in Virginia, of which four volumes, from 1806 to 1809, were prepared in conjunction with William W. Hening, and six, from 1810 to 1820, were from his own pen. He was likewise one of the chosen assistants of Benjamin Watkins Leigh, in the revision of the Virginia Statute Laws in 1819.

His literary productions were, an early volume of Poems and Compositions in Prose on Several Occasions, published at Richmond in 1798, which includes a tragedy, "Almoran and Hamet," several versifications of Ossian, translations from Horace, and a number of occasional poems, patriotic and satirical. As juvenile verses they show some crudity, while the selection of subjects is creditable to the tastes of the writer. In 1806, he delivered in the capitol at Richmond, a funeral eulogium on his venerable friend Chancellor Wythe. His chief literary work, to which he gave the leisure of his life, was his translation of the Iliad of Homer into blank verse, which he completed, but which was not published till after his death. It is sometimes a spirited, generally a correct, and throughout a pains-taking version; if lacking in that poetic gusto which is requisite to reproduce the rare qualities of the original, it is at least an honorable addition to a life of professional occupation, and may be read with satisfaction. At the time of undertaking it, the author tells us, he had not seen the translation in similar measure by Cowper. On its publication, it had

Griswold's Poets of America, p. 8.

+ Sanderson's Lives of the Signers, ii. 176. Homer's Iliad: translated by William Munford. 2 vols. Svo. Boston: Little & Brown. 1846.

the fortune to be reviewed by Felton in the North American Review, by C. A. Bristed in the American Whig Review, and by the Rev. N. L. Frothingham in the Christian Examiner,* with various degrees of favor; and the articles contain besides much interesting information, in the comparison of the work of different translators.

Munford died at his residence in Richmond, June 21, 1825.

THE GODS MINGLING IN THE BATTLE-FROM THE TWENTIETH BOOK OF THE ILIAD.

They, with minds Discordant, hasten'd to the scene of strife; Juno and Pallas to Achaia's fleet,

With Neptune, girder of the spacious globe, Hermes, benevolent and wise, of arts Inventor, Vulcan, terrible in strength, Rolling dread threatening eyes, but lame of foot, And dragging after him distorted limbs; But, to the host of Troy, Mars, rapidly His crested helmet shaking, Phoebus, bright, With locks uushorn, Diana, glorying In bows and arrows keen; Latona fair, Their honor'd mother; Xanthus, river god, And lovely Venus queen of heavenly smiles. While yet the gods from men apart remain, The Greeks exult with joy unlimited, That great Achilles in their van appears, Achilles, absent long from horrid fight! Not so the Trojans, they cold tremor felt In every limb; for, terror-struck, they saw The swift Pelides, blazing in his arms, Dreadful as Mars, the bane of human kind! But when the gods, among the throng of men Embattled, came, then raging Discord rose, Rousing the nations. Fierce Minerva, then, Shouted terrifie; now beside the fosse Fronting the wall, now near the sounding shore She stood, and rais'd her loud tremendous voice. This awful shout, Mars, opposite, return'd, Terrific as a roaring midnight storm, From Ilion's towery height, with outery shrill, The Trojan host encouraging, and thence Flying to Simois, and the beauteous mount Callicolone. Thus the blessed gods, Exciting Troy and Greece, both armies urg'd To fell contention; and, with horrid shock, They rush'd against each other. Dread, above, Thunder'd the awful sire of men and gods! Beneath, stern Neptune shook the boundless earth, And bent the summits of her highest hills; Huge Ida's deep foundations, and her cliffs, Sources of many rolling rivers, all Were shaken, with the Trojan city, too, And navy of the Greeks. The king of shades, Tremendous Pluto, in the nether realm, That dire concussion felt, and from his throne Affrighted leap'd, and gave a fearful cry; Lest he that shakes the solid globe should rend Its mighty mass asunder, and, to sight Of mortals and immortals, open lay The dark abodes of terror, loathsome, foul, Which e'en the gods themselves with horror view. Such was the wild commotion, when the gods That conflict join'd; for radiant Phœbus, arm'd With winged arrows, ocean's king oppos'd, And sage Minerva strove with furious Mars; The golden-quiver'd huntress with bent bow, And echoing horn, rousing the woodlands wide, Diana, sister of the god of day,

N. A. Rev., No. 132. Whig Review, Oct. 1846. Chris Ex., Sep. 1846.

Defied imperial Juno; Hermes, sire
Of useful arts, benignant friend to man,
Against Latona warr'd; and Vulcan's strength
The mighty river, foaming, deep, and swift,
Resisted; Xanthus, by immortals nam'd,
By mortals call'd Scamander. Thus oppos'd,
Gods against gods, were mingled in the fray.

PAUL ALLEN.

PAUL ALLEN was born at Providence, R. I., on the fifteenth day of February, 1775. Soon after the completion of his education at Brown University, in 1796, he removed to Philadelphia, where he became a contributor to the Port Folio and the United States Gazette. In 1801, he published a small volume, Original Poems, Serious and Entertaining (printed by Joshua Cushing, Salem). He also prepared for the press by re-writing the Journal of Lewis and Clark's Expedition. He seems to have been more conscientious in this performance under the names of others than under his own, as he about the same time issued proposals for a Life of Washington, and received a large number of subscribers, without having written a line, or made the least preparatory study for the work. It was promised season after season, while the author still neglected to put pen to paper, or consult a single volume in fulfilment of his contract.

Bollen

After the publication of Lewis and Clark's Travel, he was engaged as an editor of the Federal Republican newspaper; but a disagreement with his associates led to a separation, which was followed by a period of mental hallucination and poverty so extreme that he was imprisoned for a debt of thirty dollars.

His friends rallied to his aid and started a paper, the "Journal of the Times," for the sake of giving him an editorial chair. The project was unsuccessful, but a second attempt at Baltimore, the Morning Chronicle, secured him a support by its wide circulation. It was then resolved to bring out the long promised life of Washington. It was written by Neal and Watkins, and appeared under the name of Allen, who wrote a page or two of the preface, in two volumes, in 1821.

John Neal did his friend another equally good service, by reducing his poem of Noah, it having been submitted to his revision, to one fifth of its original dimensions. As this fifth, which was published in 1821, contains five cantos, and would be improved by a second reduction, the poem in its primeval proportions must have been peculiarly suggestive in quality and quantity, as well as title, of the event it celebrates. It began with the small drop of "a little sonnet addressed to a dove," which it was the author's "first impression," as he naively states in his preface, "would comprehend and exhaust all that he should have to say upon the subject."

The poem as published commences, whether owing to Mr. Neal's clippings we know not, with the sending forth of the Raven. The other events

of the Bible narrative follow in due sequence; but an episode occupying the fourth canto is introduced, directed against the disbelievers in the unity of the race.

The author claims the merit of simplicity in his preface, and is fairly entitled to do so. The general course of the verse is pleasing, and we occasionally meet with happy lines like this

And each loud rain-drop beats a funeral knell. His description of the exodus of the animals from the Ark is spirited, but contains occasional couplets, which, however true to nature, have slight connexion with poetry.

The Elephant.

What venturous son of Adam dares oppose,
That mighty arm projecting from his nose?
The Hyena.

Take warning from the brutes, behold they stir,
And gaze and tremble at that shining fur.
The Dog.

Come, let thy social tail express to all
Thy heartfelt raptures at thy master's call.

The career of the offspring of Japhet, by which the author represents his own countrymen, is one of the best passages in the Poem. It is followed by a contest between the lion and eagle, British and American. The former, to Noah's dismay, attacks Japhet's son, and the latter thus comes to the rescue.

He prayed, then paused, and lo! the Zodiac rings
With the loud clangor of descending wings!
The clouds disperse, and now by heavenly grace,
An Eagle, soaring in his pride of place,
Was seen, the head of Japheth hovering o'er;
A thunderbolt the pluming stranger bore-
The Patriarch shuddered at the dreadful sight,
He gazed again, and oh! with what delight,
He saw that harbinger of peace serene,
The smiling olive-with its leaf of green,
Bright o'er his wings, and in a ground of blue,
A constellation broke on Noah's view:
He knelt with lowly reverence on the ground,
And thirteen stars were seen to sparkle round;
The lion saw the shining guard display,
Their lances beaming in the blaze of day:
Back o'er the wave he fled, that very hour,
And left the child that he would fain devour.
Allen remained editor of the Chronicle until his
death in 1826.

THE CHILD OF JAPHET.

A boy the wondering Patriarch next descried,
Serene in youthful beauty by his side,
He saw each gentle smile, each budding grace,
That bloomed more largely in his Japheth's face,
The form, the air, the features, well he knew,
His bounding heart proclaimed the vision true.

Onward he passed-and Noah saw with fear,
A child so young had no kind parent near,
Alas, who knows what terrors may await!
What dangers threat his unprotected state.
Shield him, ye angels! for his fate is hard,
Be thou, blest Providence, the pilgrim's guard!
The Patriarch now beheld this little child
Abandoned to a vast and gloomy wild-
Here savage beasts were howling round for prey,
Here savage man was seen, more fierce than they.
Through the dark tangled thickets, Noah spies
The cruel glances of ferocious eyes,

The frown of scorn, contortions strange and wild,
All bent intensely on this wandering child.
Onward he passed, his nerves no danger shook,
He cast to heaven, a calm confiding look,
The selfsame quiet gaze an infant shows,
Who, when surrounded by a thousand foes,
Casts but an eye, and sees a parent near,
Then forward moves insensible to fear!
For well he knows, that steadfast eye surveys
Each feeble tottering footstep, as he strays;
He knows that voice, with tenderness replete,
Will oft reprove the errors of his feet:
Secure and anxious never to offend
His kind protecting father and his friend,
The boy sees only, in the hour of harm,
Outstretched salvation in that powerful arm.

And thus did Japheth in the hour of care
Rely on heaven, for all his strength was there.
He passed, protected by an holy spell,
Down at his feet the swift winged arrows fell.

Onward he passed-the hostile tribes dismayed,
To see an infant without human aid
Defy their vengeance-felt a sacred awe,
Astonished at the prodigy they saw.
A power, superior far to mortal arts,
Wrought such unnatural terror in their hearts,
In deep astonishment they now began
To think the wondrous stranger more than man.
Onward he passed-and now with wild surprise,
The savage man and beast before him flies;
Howling with dread they sought the forest shade,
Warned by the beam that round his temples played:
No eye of hostile vengeance could endure
The light of innocence, so calm, so pure.

Onward he passed-through perils how severe;
The giant forests bowed as he drew near,
Prostrated all their honours, and expressed
Their reverence for so wonderful a guest.
Where'er he trod, as by divine command,
His footsteps in this dark and howling land,
Betokened life, and joy, and light serene,

All gay with flowers, or bright with cheerful green.
Thus when the storms of winter pass away,
Succeeded by the blythesome vernal day:
A fairy spirit wanders, none can see,
So light, so thin, so delicate is she.

She rides the wandering zephyr, as he roves
Through garden walks, or more majestic groves,
Touches the withered herb-'tis decked in bloom,
She breathes the floweret catches the perfume;
She speaks, and joy, and mirth, and transport now,
In spangled plumes are seen on every bough;
In every place, the welcome stranger meets
A breathing gratitude of varied sweets.

Onward did Japheth pass, where savage men,
And savage beasts had shared one common den;
The lofty turrets and the sacred spires
Held glittering parlance with the solar fires,
And forms of female innocence were seen,
Beside the cottage, all embowered in green,
Teaching the devious needle as it strays,
To lead the snowy thread through every maze;
While others taught the embryo flowers to bloom,
Or sung to the sweet labours of the loom.

Onward he passed, his visage shone so clear,
That mountains, rivers, inland seas appear;
And as the wondrous infant nearer drew,
They stood unveiled to Noah's ravished view;
Mountains, whose shade expanding in the ray,
Seemed sable blots upon the face of day,
As if they strove in all their pride of height
To measure shadows with the solar light;

Rivers, still rushing with resistless force,
Afar those shining serpents, wound their course,
Far even as prophetic eye could strain,
And sought in sweeping majesty the main-
Through forests deep,o'er meads, and down the vales,
The Patriarch saw the glitter of their scales;
Seas, inland seas, that chafing with disdain,
At such seclusion from the parent main-
Like fierce imprisoned spirits rave and roar,
And strive to burst the bondage of the shore.

LYMAN BEECHER.

LYMAN BEECHER, a divine, who recalls by his vigor and activity through a long life the remembrance of the best days of the New England pulpit, was born at New Haven, Connecticut, September 12, 1775. He was educated at Yale, pursued theology under the supervision of President Dwight, was ordained and settled at East Hampton, Long Island, in 1798. In 1810, he removed to Litchfield, Conn., where he remained actively engaged, in addition to his parochial duties, in the foundation of the Connecticut Missionary, the Education, the Bible, and other societies formed for the advancement of the Christian cause, until 1826, when he accepted a call to the Hanover Street Church, where he continued until 1832, becoming the President of the Lane Theological Seminary, Cincinnati. He resigned this office in 1842, and returned to Boston, where he still resides. His chief publications consist of sermons and addresses, and a work on Political Atheism. A collection of his writings, in four compact duodecimo volumes, was made in Boston in 1852.

The energy and activity which have characterized every stage of Dr. Beecher's long, useful, and laborious career, have descended in unimpaired vigor to his children. Of his four sons, all eminent in the ministry, one-Charles Beecher -has published a popular volume, The Incarnation; or, Pictures of the Virgin and her Son. Another brother, Edward, has written a duodecimo volume on Baptism, its Import and Modes; and an ingenious work, entitled The Conflict of Ages, in which he maintains a theory, referring the origin of evil to a supposed existence of the progenitors of the human race prior to Adam; and a third, Henry Ward Beecher, is one of the most popular speakers of the day. His sermons attract an audience, Sunday after Sunday, sufficient to crowd the large place of worship in Brooklyn, of which he is pastor; and he is equally favored in his frequent appearances as a lecturer on topics of the day.

The daughters of Dr. Beecher contribute their full share to the general activity of the family. Miss Catharine Beecher is the author of Domestic Service; the Duty of American Women to their Country; Housekeeper's Receipt-Book; Moral Instructor; The True Remedy for the Wrongs of Woman, with a History of an Enterprise having that for its object; Treatise on Domestic Economy; and Truth Stranger than Fiction, a vigorous denunciation of the alleged flirtations of young divinity students. These volumes are of small compass, and designed for wide popular influ

ence.

Of the other sister, Mrs. Stowe, we shall have occasion to speak at a later period.

"The Beecher family," remarks a writer in the North American Review,*"almost constitute a genus by themselves. The same type of mind and style is reproduced in the writings of the venerable father and of his singularly gifted children, though stiffening into a certain solemn stateliness in the author of The Conflict of Ages, and in Henry Ward trenching close upon the dividing line between licit humor and lithe buffoonery. The father, in his paliny days, was unequalled among living divines for dialectic keenness, scathing invective, pungent appeal, lambent wit, hardy vigor of thought, and concentrated power of expression; but he always fumbled over an extra-Scriptural metaphor, and exhibited little beauty except that of strength and holiness,-a beauty which never shone from him so resplendently as now, that, on the verge of fourscore, it hallows the sunset of as noble a life as man ever led, and presages the dawning of a renewed youth in a more exalted sphere of the Divine service."

JOHN HENRY HOBART.

JOHN HENRY HOBART, a descendant from Joshua Hobart, one of the early settlers of Massachusetts Bay, was born in Philadelphia, September 14, 1775. He was prepared for college in the Protestant Episcopal Academy of that city, under the charge of the Rev. Dr. Andrews, afterwards Provost of the University, and was graduated from Princeton College in 1793. He was then induced to engage in mercantile pursuits, a mode of life which he abandoned after a brief trial, for the ministry. While engaged in his preparatory studies he received and accepted the appointment of tutor in Princeton College, which he retained until his ordination by Bishop White, in June, 1798. He commenced his clerical labors by taking charge of two country parishes, Trinity, Oxford, and All Saints', Pequestan. In the following year he accepted a call to New Brunswick, but preferring the quiet of a country parish, removed to Hempstead, Long Island. During his ministry at this place, he married a daughter of the Rev. Dr. Chandler, the learned and zealous defender of Episcopacy in the controversy on that subject before the Revolution. In December of the same year, he became assistant minister of Trinity Church, New York, where he soon attained a high rank as an eloquent preacher. In 1804, he published a small devotional volume, The Companion for the Altar. It was followed by the Companion to the Book of Common Prayer, and in 1807 by his Apology for Apostolic Order, a work designed as a reply to the strictures of the Rev. John M. Mason on Episcopacy in the Christian Magazine. In 1808, he commenced a monthly periodical, The Churchman's Magazine. In May, 1811, ne was elected Assistant Bishop of New York, the Bishop, Dr. Moore, being incapacitated by age for the performance of official duty. One of the earliest acts of his Episcopate was to urge upon the Convention the founding of an institution for the education of the ministry. His exertions were seconded by those of others, and resulted in the establishment of the General Protestant Episcopal Seminary.

*Oct. 1854, p. 44.

An

In 1815, he published a Pastoral Letter to the Laity on the Bible and Common Prayer Book Society, in which he urged the propriety of the distribution of the Prayer Book with the Bible. This occasioned much opposition from those who were in favor of a general union of all sects in the distribution of the sacred volume alone. institution of this character, the American Bible Society, was soon after established. The Bishop, fearless in the discharge of what he considered to be his duty, published an Address to Episcopalians, in which he urged those under his charge to refrain from supporting a plan which would necessarily weaken their own agency for promoting the same object. In his charge to the Convention of 1815, on the Nature of the Christian Ministry as set forth in the Offices of Ordination, he still further enforced his views of the inexpediency of union between those who differed widely in essential points of doctrine. He was soon after called upon to preach the funeral sermon of his associate, Bishop Moore. On the publication of this discourse, he appended to it a Dissertation on the State of Departed Spirits and the Descent of Christ into Hell, in which he advocated the doctrine of an intermediate state of consciousness between death and the resurrection, with a thoroughness which has caused the essay to become a standard authority upon the subject.

In 1823, Bishop Hobart sailed for Europe, the relaxation of travel having become necessary for the re-establishment of his health, impaired by his unremitting labors. He remained about two years abroad. During his visit to England, where he was very warmly received, he published two volumes of sermons, which were immediately reprinted in this city. The Sunday after his return, he preached a sermon in Trinity Church, in which he compared the countries he had visited with his own, and dwelt with force upon the superior advantages of our voluntary system over an established church for the promotion of Christianity. The discourse was printed and excited much comment, both in this country and in England.

The Bishop, restored to health, resumed the duties of his office with his wonted efficiency, continuing their discharge to the moment of his last illness. He was attacked by a fever while at Auburn, in the course of his visitation of the diocese, and died at that place after a brief illness, September 12, 1830. A collection of his Posthumous Works, with a Memoir by the Rev. William Berrian, D.D., Rector of Trinity Church, was published in 1833.* His life was also written by the Rev. John M’Vickar.†

The character of Bishop Hobart was warm, generous, impulsive; quick in intellect, benevo lent in temper, and of unwearied activity in all the habits of life. He was always busy with earnest devotion to his Christian calling, while he did not neglect the social courtesies and innocent enjoyments of life. He had a scholar's taste for books, and a poet's enjoyment of nature. A well stored library gratified the one, and a small but nobly situated piece of land on the historic site in New

The Posthumous Works of the late Rt. Rev. John Henry Hobart, D.D. With a Memoir of his Life, by the Rev. William Berrian, D.D. 3 vols. 8vo. Swords, Stanford & Co.

In a series of three volumes, the Early, the Professional, and the Closing Years of Bishop J. H. Hobart.