people, as one of the Tory plotters, and in April, 1775, he and his friends received a significant hint from a published letter, signed "Three Millions," to "fly for their lives, or anticipate their doom by becoming their own executioners."*

On the night of May 10, of that year, after Hamilton and his youthful companions had destroyed the guns on the Battery, and one of their comrades had fallen, the mob became incensed, and proceeded to expel Dr. Cooper from the college. Hamilton and Troup, students, ascended the steps, and, to restrain the rioters, Hamilton addressed them" on the excessive impropriety of their conduct, and the disgrace they were bringing on the cause of liberty, of which they professed to be the champions." Dr. Cooper, who mistook the case and thought he was exciting the people, cried out from an upper window, "Don't listen to him, gentlemen; he is crazy, he is crazy" -but Hamilton kept them engaged till the Tory president escaped. He made his way half-dressed over the college fence, and wandered about the shore of the Hudson till near morning, when he found shelter in the old Stuyvesant mansion in the Bowery, where he passed the day, and was at night taken on board the Kingfisher, Captain James Montagu, an English_ship-of-war in the harbor, in which he sailed to England. He kept the anniversary of these events next year by writing a poem, full of the circumstances, which he published in the Gentleman's Magazine for July, 1776. It is a favorable specimen of his poetical

powers.

STANZAS WRITTEN ON THE EVENING OF THE 10TH OF MAY,
1776, BY AN EXILE FROM AMERICA.

To thee, O God, by whom I live,
The tribute of my soul to give
On this eventful day,

To thee, O God, my voice I raise;
To thee address my grateful praise,
And swell the duteous lay.
Now has this orb unceasing run
Its annual circuit round the sun,

Since when the heirs of strife,
Led by the pale moon's midnight ray,
And bent on mischief, urged their way,
To seize my guiltless life.

At ease my weary limbs were laid,
And slumbers sweet around me shed

The blessings of repose:
Unconscious of the dark design,
I knew no base intent was mine,
And therefore feared no foes.
When straight, a heav'n-directed youth,
Whom oft my lessons led to truth,
And honour's sacred shrine,
Advancing quick before the rest,
With trembling tongue my ear addrest,
Yet sure in voice divine:

"Awake! awake! the storm is nigh-
This instant rouse-this instant fly-
The next may be too late-

Four hundred men, a murderous band,
Access, importunate, demand,

And shake the groaning gate."

I wake-I fly-while loud and near,
Dread execrations wound my ear,

And sore my soul dismay.
One avenue alone remained,
A speedy passage there I gained,
And winged my rapid way.

That moment, all the furious throng,
An entrance forcing, poured along,
And filled my peaceful cell;
Where harmless jest, and modest mirth.
And cheerful laughter oft had birth,
And joy was wont to dwell.

Not e'en the Muses' hallowed fane*
Their lawless fury can restrain,

Or check their headlong haste;
They push them from their solemn seats,
Profane their long revered retreats,

And lay their Pindus waste.
Nor yet content-but hoping still
Their impious purpose to fulfil,

They force each yielding door;
And while their curses load my head
With piercing steel they probe the bed.
And thirst for human gore.

Meanwhile along the sounding shore,
Where Hudson's waves incessant roar,
I work my weary way;
And skirt the windings of the tide,
My faithful pupil by my side,

Nor wish the approach of day.
At length, ascending from the beach,
With hopes revived, by morn I reach

The good Palemon's cot;
Where, free from terror and affright,
I calmly wait the coming night
My every fear forgot.

"Twas then I scaled the vessel's side,†
Where all the amities abide,

That mortal worth can boast;
Whence, with a longing, lingering view,
I bade my much loved York adieu,
And sought my native coast.

Now, all composed, from danger far,
I hear no more the din of war,

Nor shudder at alarms;

But safely sink each night to rest,
No malice rankling through my breast,
In Freedom's fostering arms.

Though stript of most the world admires,
Yet, torn by few untamed desires,
I rest in calm content;
And humbly hope a gracious Lord
Again those blessings will afford

Which once his bounty lent.

Yet, still, for many a faithful friend,
Shall, day by day, my vows ascend
God!
my
Thy dwelling, O
Who steady still in virtue's cause,
Despising faction's mimic laws,

The paths

of peace

have trod.

Nor yet for friends alone—for all, Too prone to heed sedition's call, Hear me, indulgent Heav'n!

He alludes to the college edifice converted into a military hospital, and which a note on this passage intended for his English readers describes as-"an elegant edifice, since con. verted into common barracks."

+ The Kingfisher, Captain James Montagu,

other interests of science and literature, and succeeded in the passage of a bill which is the original of the existing law on the subject of the common school income. He was also chairman of the important committee which arraigned the constitutionality of the state law vesting the right of river-navigation in Livingston and Fulton.* He continued in the legislature till 1817. During this time he bore a prominent part in laying the foundation of the present canal legislation, and employed his efforts to check abuses growing out of the old lottery system. In 1822, with the adjustment of the courts under the new constitution, he was appointed judge of the Supreme Court in the third circuit, and held the office for seven years, till his appointment to the presidency of Columbia College. In his new administration he soon arranged a better distribution of college studies, and added one hour daily by the system to the time of instruction, taking charge himself of the exercises of the Freshınan class in English composition, and delivering to the seniors a course of lectures on the constitutional jurisprudence of the United States. These "outlines" were published in 1833, and subsequently revised and issued in Messrs. Harper's "Family" and "School District" libraries. Dr. Duer's presidency of the college, which closed with his retirement in ill health in 1842, was marked by his high-toned and gentlemanly administration of its affairs. His courtesy, while it called for little exercise of discipline, secured him the respect of the students. During this period, at the request of the corporation, he delivered a eulogy upon President Monroe, which was pronounced in the open air from the portico of the City Hall. Since his retirement President Duer has resided at Morristown, New Jersey. His restored health and leisure have given him opportunity for literary pursuits, which he has availed himself of to write the life of his maternal grandfather Lord Stirling, which has been published as a volume of their collections by the Historical Society of New Jersey. In 1847 he delivered in the college chapel an address before the literary societies of Columbia, which has been published; and in 1848 an historical address of interest before the St. Nicholas Society, in which he reviews his early reminiscences of New York, and describes the scenes connected with the inauguration of Washington. This was published, and forms a valuable contribution to American historical memoirs.

Judge Duer was succeeded by Nathaniel F. Moore, who held the office till the autumn of 1849, when he resigned it and retired to private life.

Nathaniel F. Moore was born at Newtown, Long Island, on the 25th of December, 1782. His father, William Moore, removed to New York in the following autumn, and there continued to reside in the practice of his profession, as a highly respected physician, until 1824. Nathaniel was prepared for college by Mr. Samuel Rudd. He pursued his studies at Columbia College, and took his degree of A.B. in the year 1802,

* Art. Fitch's and Fulton's Steam-Navigation.-Putnam's Monthly Mag., Jan., 1855.

during the presidency of his uncle, the Rt. Rev. Bishop Moore. On this occasion he delivered the salutatory addres, with an oration, De Astronomia Laudibus. After leaving college Mr. Moore studied law under Beverly Robinson, and was admitted to the bar in 1805. In the year 1817 he was appointed adjunct professor of the Greek and Latin languages in his alma mater, and soon after, in 1820, he succeeded Dr. Wilson as professor in the same department. In 1825 he received from Columbia College the degree of LL.D., which in this conferred on him another mark of her approbation of his faithful and valuable services. In 1835 he resigned his professorship and made a visit to Europe. On his return in 1837 the college purchased his valuable library, and appointed him librarian, an office which he held only long enough to reorganize the library, incorporate his own books therewith, and make a catalogue of the whole collection. In 1839 he again went abroad, and, on this occasion, he visited Greece, Egypt, and the Holy Land. Dr. Moore has not been a voluminous writer, but he has made some very valuable additions to the classical publications of this country, particularly in the work entitled Ancient Mineralogy. He published also Remarks on the Pronunciation of the Greek Language, in reply to a pamphlet of Mr. Pickering's on the same subject; Lectures on the Greek Language and Literature, and An Historical Sketch of Columbia College, besides several smaller pamphlets and essays.

The successor of Dr. Moore in the presidency, Charles King, the second son of Rufus King, was born in the City of New York, March 16, 1789. His mother was Mary Alsop, of an eminent family of the state. He removed with his family to England in 1796, when Rufus King was appointed by Washington minister to the English court. He received there the principal part of his education. After passing a year or two at a preparatory school, near London, he was sent with his brother John A. King to Harrow, one of the large public schools of England. After five years spent at that school, where among the companions of about his own age were Lord Byron and the late Sir Robert Peel, he went to Paris, and passed a year at one of the chief schools in that city, a school under the special patronage of the Empress Josephine, two of whose nephews, the Tascher de la Pageries, were among the scholars.

At Paris he witnessed the early scenes of the Empire, the review of the troops, and the departure for the campaign which was decided at Austerlitz. From these scenes of war he was withdrawn on the return of Rufus King to the United States, to take his place, in pursuance of an arrangement made with Sir Francis Baring of London, the eminent banker and friend of his father, as a clerk in the house of Hope & Co. at Amsterdam. At the close of the year 1806 he returned to his native country after an absence of ten years, and was soon admitted a clerk in the mercantile house of Archibald Gracie. In 1810 he married the eldest daughter of Mr. Gracie, and became partner with him in his eminently prosperous career of commerce, which terminated disastrously, however, in 1823, when the partnership was dissolved.

During the war of 1812 Mr. King was twice called into the military service of the United States. In the autumn of 1813 he was chosen one of the representatives from the city to the legislature of the state; but after serving one term declined a re-election. Called by the affairs of his house to Europe he spent two years there, accompanied by his family, returning to the United States in 1817.

Two years after this date, in 1819, appeared the first number of the New York American, which was in the commencement conducted by James A. Hamilton, Johnston Verplanck, and Charles King. The paper was bold and aggressive, and made itself feared. At the close of the first year Messrs. Hamilton and King withdrew from any active and responsible connexion with the paper to the more pressing calls of their respective avocations, and Mr. Verplanck remained sole editor. He converted the weekly into a daily paper, still preserving its first name.

At that time the newspapers of the city were the old Gazette of Lang and Turner, and the Mercantile Advertiser of Butler, both mainly advertising sheets and records of ship-news, with perhaps a column or two daily of general intelligence. The Daily Advertiser by Theodore Dwight, and the National Advocate by M. M. Noah, were the two political morning papers. The evening papers were the Evening Post by William Coleman, the Commercial Advertiser by Zachariah Lewis and William L. Stone, and the Columbian by Charles Holt, and afterwards Nathaniel H. Carter. Among these, but very different in tone and aims from all of them, the New York American took its place. For three years Mr. Verplanck conducted the paper, at the end of which time Mr. King, whose commercial career was ended, became again his associate, and after a few months, upon Mr. Verplanck retiring into the country, the sole proprietor and editor of the New York American. It remained under his exclusive charge and management until 1847, when it was merged in the New York Courier and Enquirer.

But although sole editor, Mr. King had many and able correspondents and contributors. Among them were Joseph Blunt and Nathaniel B. Blunt, Charles F. Hoffman, A. Robertson Rodgers, Gulian C. Verplanck, John and William A. Duer, Rudolph Bunner, Edmund H. Pendleton, John A. Dix, Henry Cary, the Rev. Dr. Bethune, Richard Ray; and among its correspondents from Washington, Rufus King, John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, Senator Mills of Mass., Senator Johnson of Louisiana, and Henry R. Storrs of the House of Representatives.

One position the American always held. At a period when coarse personalities were the habitual language of editorial contests, it always treated its newspaper opponents as impersonalities, directing its arguments, in its often very plain talk, against the newspaper by name and not against the editor. In another walk the American led the way to a liberal improvement of the newspaper, now generally adopted, in its full literary articles, in which each Saturday the books of the week were passed under review with copious extracts. Its independence, allied with a due sense of responsibility, were features

of Mr. King's editorship. The journal, too, was governed by a principle of taste involving a high question of morals, in its careful abstinence from vulgar and vicious means of excitement. It carefully rejected horrors, both physical and moral, from its columns; while the contrary practice, leading to immediate profit, has too frequently prevailed to the corruption of the public mind.

After a brief editorial connexion with the Courier and Enquirer, Mr. King, in the spring of 1848, withdrew to private life.

In November of that year he was elected President of Columbia College, and immediately entered upon the duties of that office, which he still occupies.

For the preceding ten or twelve years Mr. King had been a resident of the State of New Jersey, at Elizabethtown, whence he daily came to New York. His residence in New Jersey gave additional significance to the degree of LL.D., which was conferred upon him at a special session of the college at Princeton, immediately upon his election to the presidency of Columbia College. A few weeks afterwards Harvard College, where his father had been graduated nearly seventy years before, also conferred upon him the like degree of doctor of laws.

Of the old Professors of this institution, the Rev. Dr. John C. Kunze held a Professorship of ancient languages from 1784 to 1787, and from 1792 to 1795. He was a native of Saxony, and had been educated at the Halle orphan-house and studied theology at the University of that city. From Halle he was called, in 1771, to the service of the Lutheran congregations, in Philadelphia, of St. Michael's and Zion's churches, where he continued fourteen years. He was one of the first of his educated countrymen in America to urge the propriety of educating the German youth in English. By maintaining a contrary course, the German and Dutch congregations, where the preaching was kept up in those languages, lost many of their members. From Philadelphia Dr. Kunze came to New York, and took charge of the German Lutheran church. At this time he composed a hymn-book of German hymns translated into English verse, in which he mostly preserved the metre of the original. He also composed a liturgy and catechism in English. position in New York, and the estimate set upon his learning, may be judged of from his appointments in Columbia College. On the formation of a second synod of the American Lutheran Church, he was elected its first President, a position which he accepted to carry out his liberal views in adopting the use of the English language in churches and in education. The benevolence of his character was celebrated. He died in 1807, after twenty-four years passed with his congregation at New York.*

His

Of John Kemp, the Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy from 1786 to his death in 1812, Professor Renwick, in his alumni address, speaks in high terms, attributing to him an important influence in moulding the views of De

* History of the American Lutheran Church, from its commencement, in the year of our Lord 1685, to the year 1842. By Ernest L. Hazelius, D.D., Professor of Theology in the Theological Seminary of the Lutheran Synod of S. C., pp. 100, 132.

Witt Clinton on topics of internal improvement and national policy.* Kemp's interest in the subject led him, in 1810, to make a journey to Lake Erie, to satisfy himself of the project of the canal, which he pronounced, in advance of the surveys, entirely practicable. Kemp served the college for a long period and with signal ability.

Peter Wilson was Professor of the Greek and Latin languages, with a short interval of service, from 1789 to 1820, when he retired on a pension. He was a native of Scotland, and was educated at Aberdeen. He prepared a Greek Prosody which was long in use, and edited Sallust.

Verplanck speaks of Dr. John Bowden, the Professor of Moral Philosophy and Logic from 1801 till 1817,"with a pupil's grateful remembrance, as a scholar, a reasoner, and a gentleman," and commemorates "his pure taste, his deep and accurate erudition, his logical acuteness, and the dignified rectitude of his principles and character."t

The Rev. Dr. John M'Vickar, whose occupation of the Professorship of Moral Philosophy, Rhetoric, and Belles Lettres, dates from 1817, was born in 1787, and was a graduate of the college with the class of 1804. He then passed some time at Cambridge, in England. He was settled as a clergyman at Hyde Park, from 1811 'to 1817.

In 1822, Professor M'Vickar paid an amiable tribute to the family with which he had become connected in marriage, by the publication of A Domestic Narrative of the Life of Samuel Bard, one of the old New York celebrities, the physician of Washington, whose father had been the companion of Franklin. This domestic narrative belongs to a valuable class of compositions in reference to the early history of the country, which are seldom executed with the same skill. Its picture of the old New York society, and of the friends gathered around its subject in his retirement at Hyde Park, is of permanent interest.

Dr. Bard deserves mention in the history of education in America, for his services to Columbia College after the war, in his lectures on Natural Philosophy, one of the fruits of his discipline at Edinburgh in the great days of its University; his earlier establishment of the Medical School in New York, then attached to the College, of which he was Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine from 1767 to 1776; his services to other medical institutions of the city; and his occasional addresses, chiefly on topics connected with his profession. He died at Hyde Park, May 24, 1821, in his eightieth year, twentyfour hours after the death of his wife, with whom he had lived for fifty-five years.

In 1825, Dr. M'Vickar published a volume, Outlines of Political Economy. In 1834, he published a memoir of Bishop Hobart with the title Early Years, followed in 1836 by The Professional Years of Bishop Hobart. He is also the author of numerous essays, addresses, reviews, and occasional publications. He has held important positions in the church and the diocese, and is a member of the Standing Committee. Of late

years he has been chaplain to the station of the United States forces at Governor's Island. As a college professor, Dr. M'Vickar has pursued the higher interests of the subjects intrusted to his hands with signal tact and ability. His course

of instruction is eminently clear and practical, while he quietly but efficiently leads the student in the discipline of taste and philosophy.

The connexion of Dr. Charles Anthon with the college, which has so greatly promoted and established its repute for classical studies, dates from the year 1820, when at the age of twentythree, having been a graduate of the college in 1815, and divided his law studies of the interim with ancient literature, he was appointed adjunct professor of Greek and Latin languages. In 1830 he took the title of Jay professor of these studies, and in 1835, on the resignation of Dr. Moore, succeeded to the leading chair in these departments. A grammar-school, in union with the college, having been projected in 1827, and having gone into successful operation in the building on the college grounds in Murray street erected for the purpose, Professor Anthon, in 1830, succeeded the first rector, John D. Ogilby, a good scholar, and with a warm generous nature, who subsequently entered the Episcopal ministry, and became eminent, as Professor of Ecclesiastical History, in the General Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary at New York.

The long series of Professor Anthon's classical publications dates from this time, commencing with an edition of Horace, in two octavo volumes, in 1830, laden with the rich stores of learning of this fruitful topic, and enlivened by the enthusiastic labor of the youthful scholar. It was by far the best specimen of scholarship in this walk of literature which the country had then seen, and still maintains its place as a valuable library edition, while in a slightly curtailed form it is generally in use with teachers and pupils. To the Horace succeeded similar annotated editions of Sallust, Cicero, Casar, the Eneid, the Eclogues, and Georgics, six books of the Iliad, the Germania and Agricola of Tacitus, Xenophon's Anabasis and Memorabilia, the Treatise on Old Age and Tusculan Disputations of Cicero.*

Among other services to classical studies was Anthon's displacement of the old meagre edition of Lemprière's Dictionary, which, at the date of his Jay professorship, was the best work in use of its kind. It was first enlarged by him in several editions each an improvement on the previous one-and afterwards entirely superseded by his Classical Dictionary in 1841. In his works in illustration of the ancient languages and literature; his several elementary and other grammars; his volumes on the composition and prosody of both tongues; his manuals of Ancient Geography, and his Greek and Roman Antiquities, he has brought together the amplest stores of foreign scholarship.

A glance at the old copies of Lemprière, and at the grammars and other books of classical instruction in use in the country in the first quar

The first publishers of Dr. Anthon's books were G. and C. Carvill, in Broadway. In 1835, the extensive classical series was undertaken by the Harpers, and now forms one of the largest sections of the volume of their trade catalogue.