Eight miles north-west by west is Haddon Hall, the seat of the Duke of Rutland, situated on a bold eminence on the east side of the Wye, and affording a complete picture of an ancient baronial residence. No part of the building is of a date later than the sixteenth century. The tower over the gateway on the east side of the upper quadrangle is supposed to have been built in the reign of Edward III. The chapel is of the time of Henry VI.; and the tower at the north-west corner, on which are the arms of the Vernons, &c. is nearly of the same period. The gallery was erected in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. All the principal rooms, except the gallery, were hung with loose arras, a great part of which still remains. The doors were concealed behind the hangings, but there were great iron hooks by which the tapestry could be held back, to avoid the inconvenience of lifting it up every time of passing in and out. The workmanship of these doors is very rude and ill-fashioned. The chaplain's room is an interesting old place, and contains a number of objects calculated to convey an idea of the mode of living two centuries ago. The park was ploughed up and cultivated about sixty years since; but in the vicinity of the mansion there is still a sweeping group of luxuriant old trees. The gardens are composed of terraces ranging one above another, each having a sort of stone balustrade. The prospects from the leads and the watch-tower are extremely fine.

Haddon was, soon after the Conquest, the property of the Avenells, from whom it came to the Vernons. The last male heir of this family, Sir John Vernon, was commonly called the King of the Peak, on account of his hospitality and magnificent mode of living. He died in the seventh year of Elizabeth, and Haddon passed by marriage with one of his daughters into the possession of the family of Manners, and was their principal seat till the beginning of the last century, when it was superseded by Belvoir Castle in Leicestershire. In the time of the first Duke of Rutland, in the reign of Queen Anne, seven score servants were maintained in this ancient seat of old English hospitality.

The Duke of Rutland has a shooting seat at Stanton Woodhouse, in Darley Dale, a short distance from Haddon.

Twelve miles north by west of Matlock is Chatsworth, the magnificent mansion of the Duke of Devonshire. The public entrance to the domain is near the pretty village of Edensor, where there is an excellent inn for the accommo dation of visitors. Chatsworth was among the domains given by William the Conqueror to William Peveril, one of his attendants; but in the reign of Elizabeth, it was purchased by Sir W. Cavendish, who commenced a mansion house here, which, after his death, was completed by his widow, the famous Countess of Shrewsbury. The present building was erected by the first Duke of Devonshire in 1702. It is composed of four nearly equal sides, with an open quadrangular court within. The middle of the court is occupied by a marble statue of Orion, seated on the back of a dolphin, round which the water of a fountain is continually playing. The rooms of this palace are spacious and lofty, some of them hung with tapestry, and adorned with beautiful carvings, executed by Gibbons and Watson. The pictures are not numerous, but there is a valuable col

lection of books, and many exquisite works of sculpture by Canova, Thorwaldsen, Chantrey, Wyatt, Westmacott, &c. Chatsworth gardens are among the most cele brated in the kingdom. The grand conservatory is 300 feet long by 145 feet wide, and comprises an area of about an acre, in the centre of which is a carriage road. Nothing of the kind was ever before planned on so gigantic a style. To the south and south-east of the mansion are some curious water-works, formerly much celebrated. The park is about nine miles in circumference, and is beautifully diversified with hill and dale. The prospect from different parts of it are exceedingly fine. Chatsworth was for some time the prison of Mary Queen of Scots, who was confined here for thirteen years,-a circumstance which caused here name to be given to a suite of apartments in the building, which are supposed to correspond in situation with those which she inhabited. It was here also that Hobbes, the philosopher, passed many of his days.

Four miles from Chatsworth is Bakewell, a place of great antiquity, much resorted to by anglers, as the river abounds with trout, grayling, &c. The manor of Bakewell originally belonged to William Peveril, natural son of William the Conqueror. It is now the property of the Duke of Rutland. In the town there is a cotton manufactory established by the late Sir R. Arkwright, and in the vicinity are marble works and lead mines. The church, an ancient and handsome structure, exhibits the styles of three different periods of architecture, and contains several curious and interesting monuments. In the church-yard is an ancient cross. On Stanton manor, four miles distant, are rocking-stones and a Druidical circle.

A delightful excursion may be made from Matlock to Dove Dale, distant 13 miles. The scenery of this far-famed spot is of the most romantic description. In the vicinity is the town of Ashbourn, the church of which contains a number of interesting monuments, especially a beautiful specimen of sculpture by Banks, to the memory of a daughter of Sir Brook Boothby, whose mansion is situated in the vicinity. At Mayfield, near Ashbourn, is the cottage in which Moore composed "Lalla Rookh." On the Staffordshire side of the Dove is Ilam Hall, the mansion of Jesse Watt Russell, Esq. The church is a venerable and picturesque edifice, and contains an interesting monument by Sir Francis Chantrey. Interesting excursions may also be made from Matlock to the Druidical remains at Arbor Low,-the Router Rock,-Robin Hood's Stride, the masses of rocks bearing the name of Bradley Tor, which are all within a short distance, and are objects of attraction to the antiquarian, the artist, and the lover of remarkable and picturesque scenery.

Winfield Manor House, Hardwick House, and Newstead Abbey, are frequently visited by parties from Matlock, and will amply repay the notice of the tourist.

This railway commences at a spacious station in London Road, Manchester, which is to be used jointly by this and the Manchester and Sheffield Railway Company. The railway is conducted through Manchester upon a viaduct, in which occurs an extraordinary skew arch, crossing Fairfield Street at an angle of only 24 degrees. The span of the bridge is about 128 feet 9 inches. It is considered to be one of the finest specimens of iron-bridge building ever executed. The viaduct, at the Manchester end of the line, contains considerably more than 100 arches. At Stockport is an immense viaduct, which crosses the Mersey at an elevation of 111 feet measured to the top of the parapet. Soon after leaving this viaduct the railway enters a deep cutting, in which occurs a short tunnel 297 yards long, the only one on the line. On the remaining portion of the line are several extensive viaducts. The Bolling viaduct consists of 11 arches, of 49 feet span. The Peover viaduct, crossing the river of that name, consists of 9 or 10 arches of about 40 feet span, and 70 feet high. The Dane viaduct consists of 23 arches of 63 feet span, and crosses the river Dane at an elevation of about 95 feet from the surface of the water to the top of the parapet.

This railway was opened throughout the whole line on the 10th of August 1842.

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LXXII. LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER RAILWAY, 31 Miles.-This railway 209 was opened September 15, 1830, and cost nearly L.1,000,000 Sterling. The principal station is in Lime Street, Liverpool.

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BOLTON, or Bolton-le-Moors, is said to be of Saxon origin. The principal trade is the cotton manufacture and subsidiary branches, as bleaching, calico-printing, machine-making, &c. There are above thirty coal-mines in the parish. A lead-mine is found in Anglezarke; and Blackrod contains a sulphur-spring. The country, for six miles round Bolton, has undergone very considerable improvement within the last few years; villages have sprung up where there was not a dwelling, and hamlets have become the seat of a dense population. Within six years, five new churches have been erected in the neighbourhood of Bolton, besides two or three others which are projected. Bolton has two town-halls, a theatre, and assembly-rooms, several churches and meeting-houses, a free grammar-school, &c. Between Bolton and Wigan are found large quantities of cannel-coal, which is often manufactured into snuff-boxes, candlesticks, &c. Bolton suffered severely in the civil-wars, especially during the great siege when the Earl of Derby stormed the town, and dislodged the Republican troops. In consequence of this achievement, he was beheaded in Bolton after the battle of Worcester. Bolton returns two M. P. Pop. in 1841, 33,601. The Manchester, Bolton, and Bury Canal was begun in 1791, and completed soon after. About one and a-half mile N. E. of Bolton, Colonel Bradshaw, one of the regicides, had a seat at Bradshaw Chapel. At a place called Hall-in-the-Wood, one mile from Bolton, Samuel Crompton invented the machine called the "Mule." A railway leads from Bolton to Leigh, and thence to the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, joining it at Kenyon. Leigh is seven miles from Bolton. It enjoys a considerable share of the cotton-trade, and a portion of the silk. In the church there is a private chapel belonging to the Tildesley family, which contains the remains of Sir Thomas Tildesley, the distinguished royalist, who fell at the battle of Wigan-Lane. Pop. in 1841, 3005.