Imatges de pàgina
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Foreign Merchants. These consist of British, American, French, Dutch, Danish, Swedish, Spanish, and Portuguese, with Farsee and Indian Mohammedan British subjects. The Americans, French, and Dutch have each consular agents recognised by the Imperial government. The same privileges have been, or are to be, conceded to all foreigners that have been granted to the English.

Rates of Commission in China, agreed upon in November, 1831, and revised by the Chamber of Commerce, March, 1838.

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21 ditto.
1 ditto.
1 ditto.
2) ditto.

13. On guaranteeing sales when especially required without including responsibility for remittances

14. On guaranteeing both sales and remittance of proceeds

15. On bills of exchange, returned noted, or protested

2 ditto.

16. On letters of credit for mercantile purposes
17. On al advances of money for purposes of
trade, whether the goods are consigned
to the agent or not, and where a com-
mission of 5 per cent. is not charged
18. On ordering goods, or superintending the
fulfilment of contracts, where no other
commission is derived
- 21 ditto.
19. On all goods, treasure, &c. consigned, and
afterwards with drawn or sent to auction,
and for goods consigned for additional
delivery to others

20. On procuring freight, or advertising as

commission.

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28. Acting for the estates of persons deceased,
as executors or administrators

29. The management of the estates of others,
on the amount received

30. All cash receipts, not serving for the pur-
chase of goods, and not otherwise speci-
fied above

31. Shroffing
32. Transhipping goods

33. All advances not punctually liqu'dated, the
agent to have the option of charging a
second commission, as upon a fresh ad-
vance, provided the charge does not oceur
twice in the same year -

31. At the option of the agent, on the amount
debited or credited within the years, in-
cluding interest, and excepting only itens
on which a commission of 5 per cent. has
been charged

N. B. This charge not to be applied to
paying over a balance due on an ac-
Count made up to a particular period,
unless where such balance is withdrawn
without reasonable notice.

ditto.

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- I ditto.

1 d.tto.

Port Charges are fixed under the new treaty at 5 mace per register ton, in full of all charges; so that the complex systein that previously chtained for charging those duties is now, in so far at least as British ships are concerned, at an end. Vessels importing rice or other grain into any of the five ports open to British vessels, are fiable to no charges whatever; but it they take away an export cargo, they then have to pay the duties on such cargo agreeably to the tariff, and one molety of the tonnage dues, or 2 mace per ton.

Trade between England and China. - Down to 1834, the trade between the United Kingdom and China was monopolised by the East India Company, but in the above year this monopoly was happily abolished, and the trade with China thrown open to all classes under the conditions specified in the act 3 & 4 W. 4. c. 93. Tea has always been by far the principal article of import from China; and it is mainly owing to the diffusion of the taste for it, and its consumption by all ranks and orders of the people, that the trade with China has attained its present importance: and, as already seen, we believe we must principally look to the increased consumption of tea that would, no doubt, follow the effectual reduction of the exorbitant duties with which it is at present loaded, for the future increase of the trade. The other articles of import are raw silk and silk manufactures, nankeens, cassia lignea, and a few other articles; but they are of very inferior value and importance as compared with tea.

The great articles of export from this country to China consist of cotton stuffs and yarn, woollen goods, linen, &c., earthenware, iron and steel, &c. Bullion used to be largely exported to China; but latterly the current has begun to set in the opposite direction.

Previously to the abolition of the monopoly, in 1834, the real value of the merchandise annually exported from the U. Kingdom to China did not exceed 600.000l.; whereas it had increased in 1836 to 1,326,3881; and though it fell off in 1837 to 678,375l., it rose in 1838 to 1,204,3561. The interruption of the regular trade, by the disturbances and hostilities that afterwards ensued, prevents any accurate conclusions in regard to its probable future amount being deduced from the returns for 1839, 1840, and 1841. But in 1842, the exports from the U. Kingdom to China amounted to 969,3811; in 1843 they were 1,456,1804; and in 1845 they rose to the unprecedented amount of 2,394,8277. ! And great as this amount may seem, most probably it would, at no distant period, be very much increased but for the difficulty the Chinese experience in making returns; a difficulty which would, however, be very materially diminished were the duty on bohea reduced, as it should be, to 6d. or 8d. per lb., and that on other teas in the same proportion.

The act 6 & 7 Victoria, cap 80., anthorises the superintendent of the trade of her Majesty's subjects in China, being at the same time governor of Hong Kong, to issue, with the advice of the legislative

council of the Island, laws and ordinances for the government of British subjects in China, or within 100 miles of the same. Laws and ordinances so issued are to be laid before parliament.

Account of the Quantities of Tea imported into the United Kingdom direct from China, in each Year from 1793 to 1845, both inclusive.

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Account of the Quantities of Raw Silk, Nankeen Cloth, Silk Manufactures, Cassia Lignea, and other Articles of Chinese Produce, imported into the United Kingdom, in each Year from 1830 down to 1845, both inclusive.

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An Account of the Number of Merchant Ships, specifying the Amount of their Tonnage, and the Number of their Crews, that have cleared out from the different Ports of the United Kingdom for China, and entered inwards for the same, during each of the last Thirteen Years.

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Account of the declared Value of the principal articles of British Produce and Manufacture exported from the United Kingdom to China during each of the Six Years ending with 1845.

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Detailed Account of the legalised Import and Export Trade carried on in British Vessels at Canton during the Year ended 31st December, 1845.

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ceros

not enumerated or de

Horns, buffalo and bullock - picuis

Horns, unicorn and rhino

Mother of pearl shells

Metals, copper in rods,

Sugar Candy

42,614

319,127

value

$1,355
45

4,355

Trunks of leather

nests

262

1,195

Vermilion

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5,670 28,946

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sheets, &c. .

Metals, tin in blocks

Pepper.

2

225

4,865

Petchuck

Rattans

Rice

Rose Maloes Saltpetre

Shark fins

Skins and furs, viz. :

Ox hides, land otter

Hare, rabbit, beaver, and}

902 9,381

26.867

40 4,066 21,635 9,082 9.052 53,120

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No.

Racoon

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2,675 1,136 120,861

III. MISCELLANEOUS EXPORTS, AND ARTICI ES NOT ENUMERATED IN THE TARIFF.

Including bees' wax, cochineal," capoor cutchery, curiosities and fancy articles, ready-made clothes, drums, dragon's blood, artificial flowers, glass pictures, hats and caps, glue, incense sticks, China indigo, galls, gamboge, hemp, China ink, lanterns, lead white and red, mace, marble slabs, mirrors, paintings in oil, pictures on rice paper, pearls factitious, shoes, women's, silversmith's work, smalts, China tinfoil, turmeric, umbrellas, silk, &c.

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carpets, cloves, coals, coral rough, and coral beads, corks, cornelians, and cornelian beads,cudbear, furniture, glass (broken), goat skins, gold and silver thread, guano, paper and stationery, pearls and precious stones, provisions, raisins, snuff, timber, tobacco, wearing apparel, and a number of small articles belonging to the trade of India

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IV. TREASURE

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N.B. The above returns have been compiled from entries in the hooks kept in the consulate of Canton, and the quantities specined are those that have paid duty. The weights and ineasures stated are those in use at Canton. 1 catty is equal to 13 pound avoirdupois, and 100 catties correspond with 1334 lbs.) In England. I chang is 4 English yards nearly. The value given has been computed upon the average prices of the year in the Canton market. The Spanish dollars have been reduced to sterling at the rate of 44. 4d. per dollar.

The above merchandize was imported into the Port of Canton in 155 British vessels of 78,823 tons burthen, and in 60 Houg Kong lorchas of 3,508 tons burthen.

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A Return of the Number and Tonnage of Merchant Vessels which arrived at, and departed from, the Port of Canton during the Year ending the 31st December, 1845, distinguishing the Countries to which they belonged.

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An Account of the Quantities of Tea imported into the United Kingdom during each of the 14 Years ending with 1846 specifying the Quantities re-exported, the Quantities annually entered for Home Consumption, the Rates of Duty, and the annual Produce of the Duties.

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Account of the Imports of the different Sorts of Opium into China from 1816-17 to 1837-38, both

inclusive.

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4,172

1,204

1830-1831 6,660

967

603.800 3,680 3,904,250 | 1,000
725 1,109,250| 4,580 | 4,159.250
1,620 1,175 1,915,250 4,600 5,583, 200
1,720 1,515 2,605,800 4,770 8,400 800
1,718 1,325 2,276,350 4,628 | 8,314,600
4.000 1,290 5,160,000 5,822 7,988,930
925 3,859,100 7,082 8.515,100
750 4,500,000 8,655 7,619,625
723 4.466.450 9.621 7,608,205
942 5,941,520 9.969 9,610,085
5,251,760 9,475 10,356,833
966 6.928,880 13,132 12,533,115
861 5,907,580 14,000 |12,657,157
587 7,110,227 18,760 12,900,031
695 5,447,355 13,503 10.931,695
570 8,781,700 23,670 15,322,759
676 7,510,695 19,786 13,056,540
595 5,223,125 16,514 9,655,010
580 6,146.975 16,785 10,539,875
628 8,439.694 21,509 14,287,300

6.0 610,000

700

625

437,500

200

975

195,000

30

1.525

45.750

500

1,025 512,500

226 1,270 287,080

No account has been kept of Turkey opium during these years.

1819-1820 2,970 1,235 1820-1821 3,050 1,900 1821-1822 2,910 2,075 1822-1823 1,822 1,552 1823-1824 2,910 1,60) 1824-1825 2.655 1.175 1825-1826 3,442 913 1826-1827 3,661 1,002 1827-1828 5,114 1828-1829 5,961 1829-1830 7.143

2,828 930 4,656,000 3,119,625 6,000 3,141,755 6,179 3,668,565 6,308 998 5,105,073 4,361 940 5,604,235 7,171 858 5,149,577 6.837 869 5,789,794 12,100 1831-1832 5.672 5,484,340 7,831 1832-1833 8,167 792 6,551,059 15,403 1833-1834 8,672 639 5,545,845 11,114 1834-1835 7,767 572 4,431.845 8.747 1835-1836 6,173 696 4,292,900 10,612 1836-1837 8,078 724 5,348,236 13.430 1837-1838 6,165 633 3.903.129 13,875 503 6.950,028 20,040 10.883,157

Opium, which is by far the most important and valuable of all the articles imported into China, is excluded from the Table of Imports (next page), which comprises those articles only that are legally admissible. Although, however, it be nominally excluded, opium is openly, systematically, and easily introduced; the trade in it being, in fact, as safe and as regular as that in any other commodity, while it is incomparably more extensive. The table above exhibits a detailed account of its importation into China from 1816-17 to 1837-38. We regret we have no means of continuing it down to the present time; but the imports have since continued rapidly to increase; so much so, that we are assured by Mr. M.Gregor, the very intelligent consul at Canton

Description of Commodities.

CANTON.

that the imports of opium in 1845 amounted to 38,000 chests, worth 23,000,000 dollars! being little short of double the value of all the other articles of import put together! (Returns of Trade of China in 1845, p. 40.)

A General View of the (legalised) Import Trade from Foreign Countries, at the Port of Canton, during the Year 1815, specifying the Description and Quantities of Commodities Imported, as well as their estimated Value, and distinguishing the Nations to which the Ships belonged in which they were imported, viz. :

Quantities, and in what ships imported.

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Quan

Aggreported.

tities i

Estimated
Value in
Spanish
Dollars,

at 4 4d.
sterling.

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Biche de mar

420

4,896

5,289

132,828

Birds' nests, edible

[blocks in formation]

775

25,651

20,5511

232,676

Clocks, waiches, &c.

va ue

28,546

6,564

35,110

35,110

Cochineal

-catties

1,680

[blocks in formation]

6,312

Cotton

piculs

[blocks in formation]

1,283 13,631

180

Cottons, plain

pieces

846,147

338,286)

16,118

5,316 580,544 5,192,439 54,955 1,255,506 3,462,169

twilled

3,020

132,937

4,740

137,677

420,911

cambrics and muslins

2,427

printed and dyed

23,426

[blocks in formation]

350

2,427 27,283

7,274

69,672

handkerchiefs

[blocks in formation]

1,239

210

105

15,680 33.168

-not enumerated

value

19,030

50,784

[blocks in formation]

11,326

84,224

84,224

Cotton yarn, and thread

picula

20,446

1,785

44

25

1,031

23,331

400,961)

Earthenware

value

1,810

125

1,965

1,965

Elephants' teeth

cattles

15,271

[blocks in formation]

16,723

Fish maws

piculs

1,696

136

1,-32

82,035

Flints

15,411

[blocks in formation]

19,927

9,204

Glass and glass wares

[blocks in formation]

3,812

576

3,280

11,625

11,625

Ginseng

piculs

216

2,286

2,532

155,549

Gum olibanum

4,089

4,089

23,645

-myrrh and other gums

value!

4,407

4,407

4,407

Horns, buffalo and bullock

piculs

45

45

1,195

rhinoceros

54

10

64

3,260

Mother-of-pearl shells

Metals, copper wrought

419

1,545

[blocks in formation]

12,879

2

674

[blocks in formation]

1,606

36,957

tron ditto.

24,083

4,375

3

630

8401

29,931

74,952

steel

7

290

20

317

1,270

tin in blocks

225

225

4,056

lead in pigs

716

[blocks in formation]

106,407

spelter

1,836

1, 36

11,475

tin plates

Pepper
Patchuck
Rattans

Rice and paddy
Saitpetre
Sharks' fins

[blocks in formation]

1,239

8,692

piculs

4,865

1,028

374

1,121

94

346

7,828

39,534

902

290

265

1,457

14.618

|| | ||

9,381

11,870

[blocks in formation]

39,313

112,937

26, 67

112,404 4,881

4,432

5,871 12,281

166,739

296,725

152

692

844

6,376

6,084

[blocks in formation]

10,948

[blocks in formation]

128,679

30,889

74,795

Smalts

piculs

280

33

313

14,489

Soap, common

catties

63,933

13,685

[blocks in formation]

Wine, beer, and spirits

value

5,650

10,652

[blocks in formation]

Woods, sandal wood

piculs

22,593

2

1,142

28,768

18,903 214,080

sapan wood

Woollens, broad

changs

narrow

395 145,472 736,236

blankets

not enumerated

pairs value

Miscellaneous imports

716
8,245
22,603
3,916 1,118
7,536
218,556

5,459

6,570

1,760 1,319

4,410

161,236

12,955 890,996

6,415

6,615

12,768

784,637 1,118,013

620

1,374

7,028 40,137

7,536

7,536

30,486

[blocks in formation]

288,610

Value of imports

N.B.

See Table of Export Trade on top of next page.

10,392,934 2,478,048 8,318 77,751,134,658 123,530,22,482 825,060, Total 14,062,811 Or, £3,046,942|

But in addition to the trade carried on with the port of Canton, we carry on a considerable trade with the other ports opened to us under the treaty of 1842, especially with Shanghai. And taking these into account, the total amount of the legitimate trade carried on under the British flag with China in 1845, will be

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* The consul's returns contained on both sides (imports and exports) the value of a cargo which was not unladen, amounting to 28,1664. This was deducted.

Shanghai is situated in the S. part of the province of Kiang-Su, at a considerable distance from the sea, on the river Woo-Sung, in about lat. 31° 10' N., long. 120° 50' E. The river, which may be navigated by large ships for a considerable distance above the town, crosses the grand canal, and, consequently, makes Shanghai an entrepôt for all the vast and fertile countries traversed by the canal and by the great rivers with which it is connected; and hence the present importance of this emporium, as evinced by the extent of our trade with it in 1845; and hence, also, the infinitely greater importance to which its commerce will hereafter most probably attain.

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