the knee-guard, so that no doubt can be entertained that this suit was actually worn by the Earl. Sir Henry Lee, Queen Elizabeth's master of the ceremonies (1570), formerly shewn as the armour of William the Conqueror ! Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, same period, richly inlaid and gilt. This was worn by the royal champion at the coronation of George II. James I. (1605), tilting armour. Of the same period are the suits assigned to Sir Horace Vere and Thomas Earl of Arundel, both figures armed with a mace. Henry Prince of Wales (1612), son of James I., a suit made for the prince, gilt, and engraved with battle designs. Prince Charles, afterwards Charles I., on foot. This gilt and chased suit was made for the prince; it was laid on the coffin of the first Duke of Marlborough on the occasion of his interment in Westminster Abbey. George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham; plate armour, with the wheel lock petronel. Wentworth, Earl of Strafford (1640). George Monk, Duke of Albemarle (1660), the helmet a burgonet. James II. (1685), said to be his own armour. In this gallery is to be seen a suit of ancient Greek armour in good preservation found in a tomb at Cuma, a bronze Etruscan helmet, suit of Asiatic armour thought to be of the time of the crusades-and therefore the oldest armour here; Chinese military dresses; an ivory warder's horn of German workmanship; some small cannon presented by the brassfounders of London to Charles II. when a boy; these are placed under the military trophy at the east end of the gallery. Ascending a flight of stairs, we enter a room recently added to that called Queen Elizabeth's Armoury. In the eastern compartment of this room notice the military trophy composed of cannon taken at Waterloo, two kettle-drums taken at Blenheim, and a collection of arms, comprising an example of every kind of weapon in the tower. Notice also very fine suits of armour, a knight in fluted armour of Henry VII.'s time, a suit of German black armour, a fluted and engraved suit of Henry VIII.'s time, a complete suit of the early part of Queen Elizabeth's reign. In a glass case is the cloak upon which General Wolfe was laid when mortally wounded at the seige of Quebec, and on which he died. Here also are two brass guns taken at Quebec, and a Maltese cannon, removed by the French, and taken by an English frigate. The western compartment of the room is principally occupied by Oriental arms and armour, amongst which are many interesting objects-group of Saracenic armour; collec F tion of Kaffre weapons; swords, saddle, and other articles taken from Tippoo Sahib's armoury at Seringapatam; the King of Oude's executioner's sword, like a huge bread knife; Indian armour; Chinese armour, amongst which is a curiously combined sword and pistol; hempen armour from the South Sea Islands; New Zealand spears, clubs, etc.; two suits of Japanese armour. Ascending again the stairs, shewing the thickness of the wall (14 feet), of the White Tower, we enter Queen Elizabeth's armoury, with a vaulted roof, formerly used as a prison, the smallest room on the first storey of the Tower. Here are brought together various ancient forms of spears and lances, glaives, pole-axes, bills, pikes, halberds, etc.; bucklers of various structure, amongst which notice the brazen shield embossed with the labours of Hercules, and a shield of the sixteenth century inlaid and embossed, the subject of the middle portion being the death of Charles the Bold of Burgundy; ancient shot, chain, bar, link, etc.; curious specimens of ancient fire-arms, match-locks, wheel-locks, etc.; two yew bows which lay under water in the wreck of the "Mary Rose" for 300 years, and they look quite fresh notwithstanding; ancient instruments of torture and punishment, an iron collar of torture taken from the Spaniards in 1588, the "cravat," thumb screws, etc. In the centre of this room is the heading block, on which Lords Balmerino, Kilmarnock, and Lovat, suffered decapitation on Tower Hill in 1746, and a beheading axe, said to have been used when the Earl of Essex was executed in Queen Elizabeth's reign. On the north side of this room there is a low door-way leading to a dark cell in which it is said Sir Walter Raleigh was confined. There are inscriptions in the stone, near the entrance, made by Rudston, Fane, and Culpeper, who were implicated in Sir Thomas Wyatt's rebellion in 1553. Wyatt himself was beheaded. scending into the Horse Armoury once more, and passing along its north side, we see in a glass case some pieces of armour that belonged to Henry IV. of France, a silvered suit made for Charles I. when a child, Venetian armour, and some pieces of the curious puffed armour made in the time of Henry VIII., to imitate the slashed dresses. A very fine suit of Italian armour, worn by Count Oddi of Padua, 1620; it is of russet, gilt and engraved with the imperial eagle. In a recess, an equestrian figure of Charles I. in a suit of gilt armour given him by the city of London. Examples of plate armour, chain armour, and mixtures of the two. Brigandine jackets, made of flat pieces of steel, De quilted between two pieces of canvas. of them of great antiquarian interest. A series of helmets, some match-locks, wheel-locks, muskets, and swords. 'penny plate" horse armour. 66 In a cabinet in the western vestibule of this gallery is an ancient saddle inlaid with ivory (1450), and the burlesque burgonet of Will Somers, Henry VIII.'s jester, having ram's horns and spectacles. On quitting the armoury we shall have an opportunity of examining the exterior of the White Tower, which, as already mentioned, was originally built in the time of the Conqueror, but it has been much repaired at various times since. It measures externally 116 feet from north to south, and 96 feet from east to west, and its height is 92 feet. There are turrets at the angles. The north-eastern is circular, and was used by the king's astronomer as an observatory before the building at Greenwich was erected, contains within it a stair-case communicating with all the floors. The external walls are from ten to twelve feet thick. The original grand entrance was on the north side, where the remains of an archway may be traced. Internally each floor is divided into three rooms, by walls seven feet thick. On the first floor is Queen Elizabeth's armoury, previously described; and on the second floor is the chapel of St. John the Evangelist, but from this excellent specimen of Norman architecture the public are excluded. Here is an apsis and twelve massive round columns with arches supporting a gallery. Records were, until lately, deposited here. At the foot of the stair-case leading to the chapel some bones were found, which were supposed to be those of the hundred princes, and by Charles the Second's order they two were removed to Westminster Abbey. The council chamber of murdere our early kings is on the third floor; it has a dark massive timber roof. Here Richard II. resigned his crown to Bolingbroke in September 1399, saying, as Froissart reports, "I have been King of England, Duke of Aquitaine, and Lord of Ireland, about twenty-one years, which signory, royalty, sceptre, crown, and heritage, I clearly resign here to my cousin Henry of Lancaster, and I desire him here, in this open presence, in entering of the same possession, to take this sceptre." In the White Tower John King of France was lodged. Amongst the inscriptions in the vaults is one cut by Fisher, Bishop of Rochester. The Salt Tower, formerly used as a prison, is at the south-east angle of the inner ward. On the inner wall is an astrological carving, a sphere with the zodiacal signs, etc., made by Hugh Draper in 1561. He was imprisoned here on the charge of having practised the art of sorcery to the injury of Sir William St. Lowe and his wife. Visitors are next conducted to The The chief The Jewel-House, where the Crown Regalia are kept within a glass case protected by an iron cage. The Tower was first employed as a depository for the crown jewels by Henry III. place in which they are now kept was built in 1842. object of attraction is Queen Victoria's state crown, which Professor Tennant has thus described :-" It was made by Messrs. Rundell and Bridge in the year 1838, with jewels taken from old crowns and others furnished by the command of her Majesty. It consists of diamonds, pearls, rubies, sapphires, and emeralds, set in silver and gold; it has a crimson velvet cap, with ermine border, and is lined with white silk. Its gross weight is 39 oz. 5 pennyweights troy. The lower part of the band, above the ermine border, consists of a row of 129 pearls, and the upper part of the band a row of 112 pearls, between which, in front of the crown, is a large sapphire (partly drilled), purchased for the crown of King George IV. At the back is a sapphire of smaller size, and six other sapphires (three on each side), between which are eight emeralds. Above and below the seven sapphires are fourteen diamonds, and around the eight emeralds 128 diamonds. Between the emeralds and sapphires are sixteen trefoil ornaments, containing 160 diamonds. Above the band are eight sapphires surmounted by eight diamonds, between which are eight festoons, consisting of 248 diamonds. In the front of the crown, and in the centre of a diamond Maltese cross, is the famous ruby said to have been given to Edward Prince of Wales, son of Richard III., called the Black Prince, by Don Pedro, King of Castile, after the battle of Najera, near Vittoria, A.D. 1367. This ruby was worn in the helmet of Henry V. at the battle of Agincourt, A.D. 1415. It is pierced quite through, after the eastern custom, the upper part of the piercing being filled up by a small ruby. Around this ruby, to form the cross, are seventy-five brilliant diamonds. Three other Maltese crosses, forming the two sides and back of the crown, have emerald centres, and contain respectively 132, 124, and 130 brilliant diamonds. Between the four Maltese crosses are four ornaments in the form of the French fleur-de-lis, with four rubies in the centres, and surrounded by rose diamonds, containing respectively 85, 86, 86, and 87 rose diamonds. From the Maltese crosses issue four imperial arches composed of oak leaves and acorns, the leaves containing 728 rose, table, and brilliant diamonds, 32 pearls forming the acorns, set in cups containing 54 rose diamonds and one table diamond. The total number of diamonds in the arches and acorns is 108 brilliants, 116 table, and 559 rose diamonds. From the upper part of the arches are suspended four large pendant pear-shaped pearls, with rose diamond caps, containing twelve rose diamonds, and stems containing twenty-four very small rose diamonds. Above the arch stands the mound, containing in the lower hemisphere 304 brilliants, and in the upper 244 brilliants; the zone and arc being composed of 33 rose diamonds. The cross on the summit has a rose-cut sapphire in the centre, surrounded by four large brilliants, and 108 smaller brilliants. Summary of jewels comprised in the crown :-1 large ruby irregularly polished, 1 large broad-spread sapphire, 16 sapphires, 11 emeralds, 4 rubies, 1363 brilliant diamonds, 1273 rose diamonds, 147 table diamonds, 4 drop-shaped pearls, 273 pearls." The other objects to be noticed are- -St. Edward's Crown of gold, embellished with diamonds and other precious stones, made for the coronation of Charles II., and used at all subsequent coronations. It is placed, by the Archbishop of Canterbury, on the sovereign's head at the altar. Blood stole this crown from the Tower in May. The Prince of Wales' Crown, of pure gold, //67/ without jewels. The Queen Consort's Crown, of gold, set with diamonds and other jewels. The Queen's Diadem, made for Maria d' Este, queen of James II.; adorned with diamonds and pearls. St. Edward's Staff, of beaten gold, 4 feet 7 inches long, surmounted by an orb containing, it is said, a part of the true cross. It is carried before the sovereign at a coronation. Royal Sceptre, or Sceptre with the cross, of gold, 2 feet 9 inches long, the pommel adorned with rubies, emeralds, and diamonds; the cross with various jewels, and having a large table diamond in the centre. The Archbishop of Canterbury places this sceptre in the sovereign's right hand at a coronation. The Rod of Equity, or Sceptre with the Dove, of gold, adorned with diamonds. It is placed in the sovereign's left hand at a coronation. The Queen Consort's Sceptre, gold, adorned with precious stones. The Ivory Sceptre, made for Maria d' Este, queen of James II., bears a dove of white onyx. A Sceptre, supposed to have been made The |