this period of his life, manifested dispositions décidedly superior to those which marked the close of his career with so dark a stain.

He subsequently came to work at the Union Canal in Scotland, and there formed an acquaintance with the woman McDougall, who became remarkably fond of him, deserted her parental roof for his society, and attached herself to him, partaking of his various fortunes during the last ten years of his life. It is mentioned that Burk treated her with kindness, and acknowledged her as his wife, and that she was passionately fond of him in return.

"During the work on the canal, he had been noted among the "other labourers as of a particularly handy, active turn, and skilful "in cobbling, in a rude way, his own and the shoes of his acquaint "ances.". ..Afterwards, "He lodged in the house of an Irishman "named Michael, or more commonly Mikey Culzean, in the West "Port, who kept a lodging-house for beggars and vagrants, similar "to the one which Hare's crime has made so familiar to the pub"lic, in the language of the classes who frequent them,—a beg"gars' hotel.

"Many will probably recollect of a fire happening in one of these "abodes of wretchedness about six years ago, when incredible num"bers emerged from the miserable hovels. In this conflagration

Mikey's dwelling suffered, and Burk and M'Dougall escaped from "the flames nearly naked, and with the loss of all the little pro"perty they possessed. Some charitable individuals contributed to procure clothes and necessaries for the sufferers, and they received "some relief by the hands of the Rev. Dr Dickson, one of the mi"nisters of the parish. By this disaster he lost his library; and "though it is somewhat surprising to hear at all of a collection of "books under, such circumstances, it is not the less so when the "names of some of the works are mentioned. Among them were, "Ambrose's Looking unto Jesus, Boston's Human Nature in its "Fourfold State, the Pilgrim's Progress, and Booth's Reign of "Grace. His landlord afterwards took a room in Brown's Close, Grassmarket, where Burk also again went as a lodger.

"It was at this time that he attended the religious meeting we "have previously mentioned, which was held in the next apart"ment to the one in which he lodged. During his attendance he "was always perfectly decorous in his deportment, and when engaged in worship had an air of great seriousness and devotion. "The conductor and frequenters of it had formerly been subjected "to much obloquy, and even violence, from the Catholics who "abounded in that neighbourhood; and one evening, after Burk's "attendance on it, his landlord, Mikey Culzean, attempted to

which

"create annoyance, by breaking through some sheets of paper were used to cover up an old window, and crying out in a voice "of derision, that the performance was just going to begin.' Burk "expressed himself in indignant terms on the occasion, saying, that "it was shameful and unworthy of a man to behave in such a man

66 ner.

"From the general aversion to the meeting so unequivocally "manifested by the Catholics, and Burk being universally known "to belong to that persuasion, his frequent attendance on it, and "reverential behaviour, excited the more notice. It was usual for "him to remain conversing with the individual in whose house they "assembled after the others had dispersed; and on these occasions "the subjects that had occupied their attention during the service naturally were often talked over. His conversation was generally "such as to show that he had been attentive to what was passing, "and comprehended the topics brought under his notice.

During his residence in this neighbourhood, he gave no indica"tions of any thing that would lead people to anticipate his future "enormities. He was industrious and serviceable, inoffensive and

playful in his manner, and was never observed to drink to excess. "He was very fond of music and singing, in which he excelled, and "during his melancholy moods was most frequently found chanting "some favourite plaintive air. All these qualifications, and his "obliging manner, joined to a particularly jocular quizzical cha"racter, with an interminable fund of low humour and drollery, "rendered him a general favourite.

Being reduced to much wretchedness and poverty, Burk and M'Dougall lodged for a few nights in Hare's house, and during his stay, a fellow-lodger died, whose body was sold by Hare and Burk for dissection. At this point his career of atrocious villany commenced. The price of the body being expended, Burk decoyed a woman into Hare's den, murdered her, and sold her body. He and Hare repeated similar tragedies sixteen times during the course of a year, till at last they were detected.

Nothing can exceed the intense selfishness, cold-blooded cruelty, and calculating villany of these transactions; and if the organs of Selfishness and Destructiveness be not found in Burk, it would be as anomalous as if no organs were found for the better qualities which he had previously displayed.

Phrenology is the only science of mind which contains elements and principles capable of accounting for such a

character as that before us, and it does so in a striking manner. We here present our readers with

These are drawn by Mr Joseph, with the camera lucida, from accurate casts taken without the hair. The cast of the Rev. Mr M. represents the development generally found when the dispositions are naturally virtuous. His history is given in the Phrenological Transactions, p. 310; and the profile is presented as a contrast to those of Burk and Hare. The dotted lines are drawn immediately under the organs of Causality and Cautiousness, and along the upper-margin of Secretiveness ; the space below the line indicates the size of the organs of the propensities, and the space above that of the organs of the sentiments, so far as this can be done by profiles. It is a principle of Phrenology, that it is the size of the organs to each other in the same head that determines the relative power of the faculties in any individual; and hence the dispositions of Burk and Hare must be judged of by comparing the relative proportions of the different organs in each by itself; and the experienced Phrenologist will find them highly instructive when so considered. But the public who are not accustomed to observation may wish to form an idea of the difference in general type between them, and a head in which the development is favourable to virtue; and it is solely to aid the uninitiated in forming a popular conception of that difference, and not either to prove Phrenology or to advocate the practice of judging of one head by another, that we have introduced the foregoing contrast. With this explanation, we add that to render the character of the heads more plain, we have, in the plate on next page, assumed the external opening of the ear as a centre-point in all the three, and traced first the head of Burk in dotted lines, and then the head of the Rev. Mr M. in black lines,the external hole of the ear in both corresponding. The same operation has been performed with the head of Hare. The spaces between the dotted and the black lines, at the top of the heads, indicate the differences between the two in the moral and intellectual organs :