Double-Hull Tanker Legislation: An Assessment of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990Marine Board, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, Ocean Studies Board, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences National Academies Press, 23 de febr. 1998 - 258 pàgines The passage of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90) by Congress and subsequent modifications of international maritime regulations resulted in a far-reaching change in the design of tank vessels. Double-hull rather than single-hull tankers are now the industry standard, and nearly all ships in the world maritime oil transportation fleet are expected to have double hulls by about 2020. This book assesses the impact of the double hull and related provisions of OPA 90 on ship safety, protection of the marine environment, and the economic viability and operational makeup of the maritime oil transportation industry. The influence of international conventions on tank vessel design and operation is addressed. Owners and operators of domestic and international tank vessel fleets, shipyard operators, marine architects, classification societies, environmentalists, and state and federal regulators will find this book useful. |
Continguts
Executive Summary | 1 |
1 Introduction | 10 |
2 Ship Safety and Protection of the Marine Environment | 18 |
3 Operational Makeup of the Maritime Oil Transportation Industry | 42 |
4 Economic Impact of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 on the International Tanker Fleet | 65 |
5 Domestic Jones Act Tanker Trade | 97 |
6 Design Construction Operation and Maintenance of DoubleHull Vessels | 115 |
7 Conclusions and Recommendations | 142 |
APPENDIX E Supplementary Data on Vessel Ownership for the US Trading Fleet | 173 |
APPENDIX F Methodology for Determining the International Tanker Supply | 176 |
A Theoretical Approach | 178 |
APPENDIX H Seasonal Variations in Tanker Demand and Freight Rates1 | 182 |
APPENDIX I Letter to the Committee from RW Porter | 185 |
APPENDIX J Methodology for Determining Ship Replacement Costs | 187 |
APPENDIX K Comparative Study of DoubleHull and SingleHull Tankers1 | 191 |
APPENDIX L Research on DoubleHull Vessel Technology since 1990 | 243 |
APPENDIX A Biographies of Committee Members | 153 |
APPENDIX B Oil Pollution Act of 1990 PL 101380 Section 4115 | 158 |
APPENDIX C Questionnaires | 165 |
APPENDIX D Committee Meetings and Activities | 170 |
APPENDIX M Summary of Questionnaire Responses from Owners and Operators of DoubleHull Tank Vessels1 | 250 |
Acronyms and Glossary | 263 |
Altres edicions - Mostra-ho tot
Frases i termes més freqüents
Aframax analysis angle of loll ballast spaces ballast tanks barges bottom damage bottom or double capacity cargo oil cargo tank arrangements centerline bulkhead Clarkson Research classification societies coating committee’s construction cost crude oil deepwater port double bottom Double Hull Double double sides double-hull designs double-hull tankers double-hull vessels DWT Tankers economic evaluated Figure free surface effect freight rates Hull Double Hull hull tankers impact increase industry inspection intact stability International Maritime Organization international tanker Jones Act loading MARPOL 13F mean outflow million DWT oil companies oil outflow Oil Pollution Act oil spills old or older operating percent Probability of zero regulations requirements scrapping Section shipbuilding ships single hull single-hull and double-hull single-hull tankers single-hull vessels special survey structural Suezmax supply TABLE tanker designs tanker fleet tion tonnage U.S. Coast Guard U.S. Department U.S. waters United USCG VLCCs wing tank world fleet zero outflow