34th to the 38th degree of north latitude to the London Company, and that from the 41st to the 45th degree to the Plymouth Company, for the purpose of establishing colo nies. The London Company's territory received the name of South Virginia; the Plymouth Company's was called North Virginia. 82. In 1606 each of these companies sent out emigration parties. The result was the planting of the first permanent English colony in America, at Jamestown, Virginia. The history of this colony and of the other colonies will be taken up in the Colonial Period. (See page 29.) 83. Review. It is thus seen that during the sixteenth century the English explored the Pacific coast; that, under the lead of Gilbert and Raleigh, repeated attempts were made to plant a colony on the coast of North Carolina (then in Virginia), but that they all failed. At the beginning of the seventeenth century there was no English colony in America. 84. Dutch Exploration. The government of Holland took no part in American exploration until the seventeenth century. In 1609, two years after the founding of Virginia, Henry Hudson, an Englishman in the service of the Dutch, sailed to America to try and find a passage round the northern extremity of the American continent to Asia. Not being able to make his way through the ice, he turned southward and explored a considerable part of the east coast of America. He entered New York Harbor and sailed up the Hudson River, Henry Hudson. so called after the discoverer. QUESTIONS. -82. What did these companies do? What was the result? 83. Give a summing up of English exploration and settlement. 84. What is said of the government of Holland? Give an account of Hudson's voyage. Turning southward, what discovery did he make? 85. The Dutch based on these explorations by Hudson a claim to all the territory from the Connecticut River to the Delaware. It took the name of New Netherlands. 86. North American Indians. When the European explorers landed on the coast of North America or penetrated into the interior, they found the country thinly inhabited by a copper-colored race similar to the race Columbus found in the West Indies. These were the Indians, the aborigines of the American continent. Nobody knows where they came from, though we can understand how they might have reached America from Asia by way of Behring Strait. 87. It is calculated that when the English came to settle this country the number of Indians east of the Mississippi was about two hundred thousand. They lived in tribes, each tribe under its own sachem, or chief; and several tribes were frequently found united in a confederacy. The principal divisions of the Indians were: the Algonquins, including several powerful tribes; the Cherokees; the Mobilians; the Catawbas; and the Sioux or Dakotas. 88. The Aztecs, or aboriginal inhabitants of Mexico, were a superior race belonging to the same family. They had risen to considerable civilization. This superior race seems at an early period to have occupied a considerable part of the continent. Extensive mounds, containing implements, ornaments of bronze, and articles of pottery, have been found in various parts of the country, and especially in the Mississippi Valley. These remains were the work of people that are designated the Mound-builders. It is probable that they were closely related to the Mexican aborigines. 89. The North American Indians were found in a savage state. They lived in wigwams, and supported themselves by QUESTIONS. 85. What claim did the Dutch base on Hudson's explorations? What name did the territory receive? 86. Repeat what is said of the race of men found in America. State what is said of their origin. 87. What was the number of the aborigines? Give an account of their manner of life. Name the principal divisions of the Indians. 88. Repeat what is said of the Aztecs. Repeat what is said of the Mound-builders. 89. Repeat what is mentioned as to the condition in which the Indians were found. hunting and fishing, and occasionally raising patches of corn and beans. They were destitute of all that constitutes civilization. Their main delight was war. 90. The chief interest in the Indians arises from their relations with the whites who settled the American continent. These relations were generally of a hostile character. The Indians murdered the colony which Columbus left in Hayti on his first discovery. They massacred the early English colonists who established themselves on the coast of North Carolina. When finally the two permanent settlements were made at Jamestown and Plymouth, we shall see that these colonies were at various times almost exterminated by the savages. 91. By a strange continuance of the same traits, they have ever since been a source of trouble to the whites. They have repelled all attempts at civilization; and even now the trains on the great trans-continental railroad are sometimes interrupted by painted warriors, the descendants of the savages who, nearly four hundred years ago, met the earliest Europeans with murderous attacks. Americans to-day are fighting Indians in Arizona and Montana, just as in the seventeenth century they contended with them for the strip of land along the Atlantic coast. 92. It is not for us to say who is to blame. It is true, the whites were not always just and true and prudent in their dealings with the Indians. But, apart from this, there seems to be hostility between the Indian character and civilization. And it is not to be doubted that in a few more years the Red Men will have disappeared from the American continent. QUESTIONS. 90. From what does the chief interest in the Indians arise? Repeat what is said of their hostility to Europeans. 91. Repeat what is said of the continuance of these traits. 92. Give the substance of the last paragraph on the Indians. In 1492... Columbus... discovered the West Indies. In 1494 (or 1497)... the Cabots... discovered North America at Cape Breton. covery. REVIEW QUESTIONS.-Chronology. Give the date and fact of Columbus's dis The date and fact of the Cabots' discovery. In 1498... Cabot... sailed along the coast of the United States south to Albemarle Sound. In 1498... Columbus... discovered South America at the mouth of the Orinoco. In 1499 ... Americus Vesputius ... sailed to South America. In 1506... Denys... explored the Gulf of St. Lawrence. In 1512... Ponce de Leon ... discovered Florida. In 1513... Balboa ... crossed the isthmus of Darien and discovered the Pacific Ocean. In 1517... Cordova... explored the north coast of Yu catan. In 1518... Grijalva ... explored the southern coast of Mexico. In 1519-21 ... Cortez... conquered Mexico. In 1520... Ayllon... discovered the coast of South Caro lina. In 1520... Magellan... sailed round South America and then circumnavigated the globe. In 1524... Verrazzani ... sailed along the coast of America from Wilmington to Nova Scotia. In 1528... Narvaez... explored the interior of Florida. In 1534 and 35 ... Cartier . explored and named the Gulf and River St. Lawrence. In 1539-42... De Soto ... explored the interior of the Southern States, discovering the Mississippi, 1541. REVIEW QUESTIONS. -The date and fact of Cabot's second voyage. The date and fact of Columbus's other voyage. The date and fact of Vesputius's voyage. |