also a cheat, a tricker; alfo a fharping trick, &c. BITT, a piece of filver in Barbadoes, current at feven pence half-penny. BITINGNESS (of bizan, Sax.) fharpnefs of tafte, or pungency of words, &c. BITTER (biren, Sax.) 1. Having a hot, acrid, biting taste, like wormwood: 2. fharp, cruel, fevere: 3. calamitous, miferable: 4. painful, inclement: 5. fharp, reproachful, fatyrical: 6. mournful, afflicted: 7. in any manner, unpleafing or hurtful. BITTERLY (from bitter) 1. With a bit ter tafte: 2. in a bitter manner, forrowfully, calamitoufly: 3. fharply, feverely. BITTERNESS (from bitter) 1. A bitter tafte: 2. malice, grudge, hatred, implacability: 3. fharpnefs, feverity of temper : 4. fatyre, piquancy, keennefs of reproach: 5. forrow, vexation, affiction. BITUMEN, an inflammable matter, fat and unctious, which Naturalifts diftinguifh into three forts, hard, foft, and liquid or oily; fome bitumens are foffils, others are found floating on lakes, and others fpring out of the earth like fountains, one kind of it is a fort of lime, clammy like pitch, and fmelling fomething like brimftone. The ancients used it instead of mortar for building, and also inftead of oil for lamps. RIVENTER (with Anatomifts) the fixth mufcle of the jaw, and left of those that ferve to open it; it is called Biventer on account of its having as it were two bellies for its two extremities, and a tendon in the middle. BIX-WORT, an herb painfuller, and is one of the symptoms of the plague. BLAIN (in Cattle) a distemper, being a bladder full of wind and water, rifing from the root of the tongue, which grows large, and will at last stop the breath of the beaft. BLAMEABLE (from blame) culpable, faulty. Virtue is placed between two extremes, which are on both sides equally blameabl. Dryden's Dufrefney. BLAMEABLENESS (from blameable) fault, the ftate of being liable to blame. BLAMEABLY (from blameable) culpably, in a manner liable to cenfure. To BLAME (blamer, F.) 1. To cenfure, to charge with a fault: it generally implies a flight cenfure: 2. to blame has ufually the particle for before the fault: 3. fometimes, but rarely, of. BLAME (from the verb.) 1. Fault, im putation of a fault: 2, crime, that which produces or deferves cenfure: 3. hurt. BLAMEFULL (from blame and full) criminal, guilty, meriting blame. BLAMELESS (from blame.) 1. Guiltless, innocent, exempt from cenfure or blame: 2, fometimes it is used with of. We will be blameless of this thine oath. Fofbua, ii. 17. BLAMELESSLY (from blameless) innocently, without crime. BLAMELESSNESS (from blamel ss) innocence, exemption from cenfure. BLAMER (from blame) one that blames or finds fault, a cenfurer. BLAME-WORTHY. (from blame and or cenfure. BLACK (blac, Sax.), a colour, is fome-worthy) culpable, blameable, worthy of blam: what opaque and porous, which imbibing all the light falling on it reflects none, and for that reafon exhibits no colour. BLACKNESS (blacnerre, Sax.) seems to arife from fuch a peculiar texture and fituation of the fuperficial parts of any black body, that doth, as it were, deaden and abforb the light fallen upon it, and reflects pone or very little of it outwards to the eye. BLACK-BIRD, a bird well known. BLACK Sulphur (with Chymifts) is expreffed by this character. 010 To BLACKEN (of blacian, Sax.) make or grow black; to fcandalize, &c. BLACK-SMITH (of blac and Smid, Sax.) a worker in iron. BLADE (blæ, Sax.) a leaf, with Botanifts, the first sprout of a plant that comes out of the ground, fo long as it is easy to be cropped. BLADE, a bravo, an hector; also a fpruce fellow, a beau. To BLADE it, to go flaunting or vapouring. BLAIN (blen, Du. blegene, Sax.) with Surgeons, an angry push, fomewhat refembling the fmall-pox, but redder and much A BLANCH'ER (blanfchiffeur, F.) a whitener. BLANCH'ING (blanchement, F.) a white ening. BLANCH-LION (i. e. white lion) the title of one of our pursevants at arms. BLAN DIMENT (blandimentum, L.) a thing pleafantly done or spoken. BLANK'NESS, paleneís, &c. a being out of countenance or abafhed. BLANK Veries, verfes without rhimes. BLAPSIGONIA (Bayi, Gr.) a dif cafe in bees when they do not breed, or their young ones mifcarry. blafphe BLASPHEMATORINESS, moufness. BLASPHE'MER (blafphemateur, F. blafphemator, L.) one who fpeaks blafphemy. BLASPHEMY (Braspaula, Gr.) an ut tering of reproachful words, tending to the difhonour of God, &c. vile, bafe language. BLASPHE'MOUSNESS (blafpheme, F. blafphemia, L. Bhaopnuft, Gr.) blasphemy. BLASTED (of blare, Sax.) withered with the winds; marr'd, fpoiled, deftroy ed. BLASTED BLASTED Corn, corn that is poor and thin in the ear, having but little in it. BLE (in Botany) the inward bark of a tree, F. To BLEACH (probably of bletfen, Teut. blechen, Dut, or æblecen, Sax.) to whiten, to dry in the fun. BLEAKNESS, coldness of the wind, BLEAR-eyed, having the external covering of the eyes red and turned outwards. BLEATING of blæzan, Sax.) the crying of sheep. BLEEDING (of blezan, Sax.) fending or letting out of blood. BLEPHAROXIS/TUM (of Bλépagor, and uw, to fcrape off, Gr.) an inftrument for pulling hairs out of the eye-lid, BLES'SEDNESS (of blerzian, Sax.) felicity, beatitude. BLINDFOLD (of blind and fealdan, Sax.) having the eyes covered. BLIND Nettle, and herb. BLINDNESS (blindnerre, Sax.) want of fight, a privation of the fenfation of fight, arifing from a total deprivation of the organs of it, or an involuntary obftruction of their functions. BLIS FULNESS (of blirre and full, Sax.) happiness. To BLIS'SOM, to leap as a ram does up on a ewe. BLOCK (with Falconers) the perch where. on the hawk is kept. To BLOCKADE (Military Term) to stop or fhut up all the avenues and paffages, and hinder all intelligence being fent into or out of town or fort; fo that it may receive no relief. BLOCK'HEAD (of block, Teut. and heafo, Sax. the head) a stupid, ignorant, fellow, &c. BLOCK'ISH (of block, Teut.) ignorant stupid. BLOCK'ISHNESS, ftupidity, &c. BLOOD (blob, Sax. and Dan.) a warm red liqour or humour, circulating by means of arteries and veins through every part of the body; by microfcropes the blood appears to confift of little red globules fwimming in an aqueous ligour, fuppofed to be the cruor and ferum. BLOOD LESS (blodles, Sax.( having no blood. BLOOD'INESS (of blodignerre, Sax.) a being bloody in body; alfo bloody-mindednefs. BLOOD-fbed, the fpilling of blood, murder, flaughter. BLOOD-fbotten, a diftemper of the eyes, when the blood veffels are very much extended, fo as to make the eyes appear red. BLOOM'ING BLOOM'Y (of blorm of blotsmian, Sax.) bloffoming or in bloffom. BLOS'SOMLESS, without bloffoms. BLUE Mantle, the title of one of our purfevants at arms. Turnfole BLUE, a blue ufed by painters, by boiling a quarter of a pound of turnfole in a pint and half of water. BLU'ING of Metals (with Gilders) is the heating any metal till it has affumed a blue colour. To BLUNDER (blunderen, Dutch.) 1. To mistake grossly, to err very widely, to mistake ftupidly it is a word implying contempt: 2. to flounder, to ftumble. : To BLUNDER; to mix foolishly or blindly. BLUNDER (from the verb) a grofs or BLUNDERER (from blunder) a man apt to commit blunders, a blockhead. BLOCK Lands, a piece of land ancient-fhameful mistake. ly, that which is now called freehold land. Double BLOCKS (in a Ship) are fuch as are used when much ftrength is required, because they will purchase with more ease than fingle blocks, tho' much flower. BLOCK and BLOCK (Sea Term) a phrase ufed when two blocks meet, in haling any tackle or hallyard, having fuch blocks belonging to them. FISH-BLOCK (in a Ship) is a block hung in a knot at the end of a davit; the ufe of it is to hale up the flocks of the anchor to a fhip's bow. SNATCH-BLOCK (in a Ship) is a large block with a fhiver in it, and a notch cut through one of its cheeks, for the more ready receiving in of any rope. It is used for the fall of the winding tackle. BLUNT, having a dull edge or point. A BLUNT Fellow, one who is fincere and plain in his difcourfe, not using fawning or complaifance, but freely reproving perfons for their follies or vices. BLUNTI'SH, fomething blunt, not very fharp. To BLUR, to blot or ftain paper with ink, alfo to make a house found with a trumpet. To BLURT out, to speak rafhly and inconfiderately. BLUSH, a redness in the face, proceeding from modesty. BLUSHING, a phænomenon in the animal economy excited from a fense of shame, &c. BOARI'SH BOARUSHNESS (of banirc and nerre, | bend, because it gives way when it is trod upon, Sax.) fwinifh difpofition. To BOAST (boft, Welch.) 1. Brag, to difplay one's own worth, or actions, in great words, to talk oftentatiously; with of: 2. fometimes it is ufed with in: 3. to exalt one's felf. To BOAST; to brag of, to difplay with oftentatious language: 2. to magnify, to exalt. BOAST (from the verb.) 1. A caufe of boating, an occafion of pride, the thing boafted: 2. an expreffion of oftentation, a proud fpeech. BOASTER (from boat) a bragger, a man that vaunts any thing oftentatiously. BOASTFUL (from boast and full) oftentatious, inclined to brag. BOASTINGLY (from boasting) oftenta tioully. BOAT (baz, Sax.) 1. A veffel to pafs the water in. It is diftinguished from other veffels by being fmaller and uncovered, and commonly moved by rowing: 2. a fhip of fmall fize, as a paffage-boat, packet-boat, &c. BOCARDO (with Logicians) the fifth mode of the third figure. In a fyllogifm in Bocardo, the firft propofition is particular and negative, the fecond univerfal, and the middle term the fubject of the two propofi tions, as 1. Some animal is not man. 2. Every animal is endued with fenfation. 3. Therefore there is something endued with fenfation befides man. or quagg, Eng. or rather pap, Sax. and guac, tender, and foft, Baxter) a mali ground full of water and mud. BOG'G LE-BOE, a bugbear to fright children. BOICININ'GA, an anima! (in America) call'd the rattle-fnake, whofe bite is deadly, except a fpeedy remedy be applied. BOILING (in Phyficks) the agitation of a fluid body, rifing from fire being applied to it. BOIS'TEROUSNESS, tempeftuoufnels, unrulinefs. licen BOLD (bald, Sax.) 1. Daring, brave, ftout, courageous, magnanimous, fearless, intrepid: 2. executed with fpirit, and without mean caution: 3. confident, not fcrupulous, not timorous: 4. impudent, rude: tious, fuch as thew great liberty of fiction: 6. standing out to the view, ftriking to the eye: 7. Open, fmooth, even, level: a failor's term: 8. to make bold; to take freedoms: a phrafe not grammatical, though common. To be bold is better, as I was bold to speak. Some men have the fortune to be efteemed wits, only for making bold to fcoff at thefe things, which the greatest part of mankind reverence. Tillotson, TO BOLDEN (from bold) to make bold, to give courage. BOLDFACE (from bold and face) impudence, faucinefs: a term of reproach and reprehenfion. BOLDFACED (from bold and face) im BODY (bodige, Sax. as defined by Natu-pudent. ralifts) a folid, extended, palpable fubftance, compofed of matter, form, and privation, according to the Peripateticks. BOLDLY (from bold.) 1. In a bold manner, with courage, with fpirit: 2. it may perhaps be fometimes ufed in a bad fenfe, for impudently. 2. Of an affemblage of hooked heavy attoms, according to the Corpufcularians and BOLDNESS (from bold.) 1. Courage, Epicureans; of a certain quantity of extenfion bravery, intrepidity, fpirit, fortitude, magnaaccording to Des Cartes; of a fyftem or af-nimity, daringnefs: 2. exemption from cau fociation of folid maffy, hard, impenetrable, tion, and fcrupulous nicety: 3. freedom, limoveable particles ranged or difpofed in this or berty: 4. confident truft in God: 5. affurance, that manner according to Sir Ifaac Newton; freedom from fear: 6. impudence. whence refult bodies of this or that form, To BOLT into company, is to come fuddendiftinguished by this or that name; others de-ly, unexpectedly or rudely into it. fine body to be that which has extention, refiftance, and is capable of motion. BODY, with regard to animals, is us'd in oppofition to the foul, viz, for that part compofed of bones, mufcles, canals, juices, nerves, c. in which fenfe body makes the fubject of anatomy. Regular BODY (in Geometry) one which has all the angles and fides; as alfo all the planes which compofe the furface, alike and equal; of which there are no more than five kinds, the dodecaedron confifting of 12 pentagons, the bexaedron, icofaedron of 20, Raidron of 8 pentagons, and tetraedron of 4 angles and the cube of 6 fquares. Thefe are called Platonick bodies. BOG; fome derive it of bangen, Dut, to BOLTER, a cant name for one who con ceals himfelf in his own houfe or fome pri vileged place, and dares only peep and not go out from his retreat. BOLT HEAD (with Chymifts) a long ftraitnecked glafs veffel for diftillations, which be ing fitted to the nofe of an alembick, or still, is called a receiver; and when the neck one is well joined to the neck of another it is called a double veffel. } Fend BOLTS (in a hip) are a fort Fender BOLTS of bolts made with long and thick heads, and struck into the ut termoft wales or bends of the flip, to fave the fides of her from hurts, gallings and bruifes. Set BOLTS (in a ship) are a fort of boltsufed for for forcing the planks and other works, and to bring them close together. Ring BOLTS (in a fhip) are bolts made ufe of for bringing of the planks and thofe parts, to which the breeches and tackle of the ordnance are faftened. Tranfum BOLTS (with Gunners) are bolts which go betwixt the cheeks of a gun-carriage to ftrengthen the tranfums. Prife BOLTS (with Gunners) large knobs of iron on the cheek of a carriage, which prevent the handfpike from fliding, when it is poifing up the breech of a piece. Traverfe BOLTS (with Gunners) two fhort bolts, put one into each end of an English mortar carriage, which ferves to traverfe the mortar. Bracket BOLTS (with Gunners) bolts which go thro' the cheeks of a mortar, and by the help of the coins keep it fixed to the elevation given her. Rag BOLTS (in a foip) are fuch as have jags or barbs on each fide to keep them from flying out of the hole in which they are. Clench BOLTS (in a fhip) bolts that are clenched with a riveting hammer, at the end where they come through. Drive BOLTS (in a fhip) are long pieces of iron, which are ufed to drive out other bolts, tree nails or the like. Forelock BOLTS (in a fhip) are thofe which have a forelock of iron at the end driven in to keep it from starting back. BOLTING (in Gray's Inn) a kind of exercife or arguing cafes among the ftudents. BO'LUS (with Phyficians) a medicine prepared of a confiftence fomewhat thicker than honey; being a quantity that can be taken on the point of a knife at one mouthful. BOLUS Armoniacus, i. e. Bole armoniack, a fort of crumbling earth or ftone found in Armenia, used by Phyficians and Painters. B E A BOMBS (Gun- vents to receive compofition in the fufee being spent, it fires the powder in the bomb with a great force, blowing up whatever is about it, and the great height it goes in the air, and the force with which it falls, makes it go deep into the earth. BOND (bor, Sax. bound.) It is written indifferently, in many of its fenfes, bond or band; 1. Cords, or chains, with which any one is bound: 2. ligament that holds any thing together: 3. union, connection: 4. chains, imprisonment, captivity: 5. cement of union, caufe of union, link of connexion: 6. a writing of obligation to pay a fum, or perform a contract: 7. obligation, law by which any man is obliged. BOND (from bind, perhaps from bound, from gebonden, Sax.) capture, in a fervile state. BONDAGE (from bond) captivity, imprifonment, state of restraint. BOND SOCOME (Common Law) a cuftom of the tenants being bound to grind their corn at the lord's mill. BOND (in Carpentry) a term used, as make good bond, fignifies faften two or more pieces together, either with tenanting, or mortifing, or dove-tailing. BOND (with Anatomifts) a part of the body, white, hard and brittle, undiftendably and void of fenfation; fupporting and shaping the whole body, covered with a membrane called Periosteum, which is extremely fenfible; bones are generally hollow and contain an oily fubftance called marrow: the texture of bones confift in thin Lamina or plates, lying over one another, and they of fibres, running lengthways, fome to the extremities; but others not fo far, none of them terminating in a direct end; but are continued tranfverfly and fomewhat arched, the fibres of one fide meeting with those of the other; so that they are continuations of one another in a fort of long ellipfes, not of equal lengths; but fome longer, others fhorter." BONE'LESS (of banlear, Sax.) without bones. BON'ITY (bonitas, L.) goodness. The fhip bas ber Courfe and BONNET abroad (Sea phrafe) is as much as to fay, the has the bonnet added to her course, which before the had not. BON'NINESS (of bonus, L.) fprucenefs, cleverness. powder, ful- BO'NYNESS, a being bony or full of phur and falt-bones. read books much. petre. After BOOK'ISHNESS (of boc and if, an adthe bomb has been filled with this powder, theject. termin. and nerre, Sax.) difpofition to fufees is driven into the vent within an inch of the head, and pitched over to preferve it; they uncafe the fufee when they put the bomb into the mortar and falt it with meal powder, which having taken fire by the flash of the powder in the chamber of the mortar, burns all the time the bomb is in the air, and the BOOM'ING (Sea term) ufed of a fhip when the makes all the fail fhe can, and is then faid to come booming. BOOR'ISHNESS, clownifhness. BOOTES (68, an ox, and déw, to drive, i. e. the ox-driver) the name of a northern conftellation, containing 34 stars, called alfo Artophylax, and in English King Charles's Wain, BOOT'Y (butin, F. or of beute, Teut. or of bute, Du.) prey, fpoil, pillage, prize. To play BOOTY, to prevaricate, to play a lofing game, to draw in others to play. BORAX (borax, low Lat.) an artificial falt, prepared from fal armoniac, nitre, calcined tartar, fea falt, and alum, diffolved in wine. It is principally used to folder metals, and sometimes an uterine ingredient in medicine. Quincy. BORN, the participle paffive of bear. Clodius may be bold and infolent, born away by his paffion. Swift. To be BORN (derived from the word to bear, in the fenfe of bringing forth; as my mother bore me twenty years ago; or I was born twenty years ago. 1. To come into life. Nor nature's law with fruitless forrow mourn, But die, O mortal man! for thou waft born. Prior. 2. It is usually spoken with regard to circumstances; as he was born a prince, he was born to empire, he was born for greatnefs, that is, formed at the birth. Yet man is born unto trouble, as the sparks fly upwards. Job. v. 7. A friend loveth at all times, and a brother is born for adverfity. Prov. xvii. 17. BOROUGH (bonhoe, Sax.) 1. It fignified anciently a furety, or a man bound for others. As the old laws ufe it, it is not a borough town, that is, a franchised town, but a main pledge of an hundred free perfons, therefore called a free borough, or francplegium. 2. A town with a corporation. BOROUGH English, is a customary defcent of lands or tenements, whereby, in all places where this custom holds, lands and tenements descend to the youngest fon; or, if the owner have no iffue, to the youngest brother. Cowel. BOSCAGE (bofcage, F.) wood, or woodJands; reprefentation of woods. BOSKY (bofque, F.) woody. BOSON (corrupted from boatswain.) BOSS (beje, F.) 1. A ftud, an ornament raised above the reft of the work, a fhining prominence: 2. the part rifing in the midft of any thing: 3. a thick body of any the fcience of plants, that part of natural hiftory which relates to vegetables. BRAIN (bɲægen, Sax. breynt, Dutch.) 1. That collection of veffels and organs in the head, from which fenfe and motion arise 2. that part in which the understanding is placed; therefore taken for the understand. ing 3. fometimes the affections. To BRAIN (from the noun) to dash out the brains, to kill by beating out the brains. BRAINISH (from brain) hot-headed, furicus; as cerebrofus in Latin. BRAINLESS (from brain) filly, thoughtlefs, witlefs. BRAINPAN (from brain and pan) the fkull containing the brains. BRAINSICK (from brain and fick) difeafed in the understanding, addle-headed, giddy, thoughtless. BRAINSICKLY (from brainfick) weakly, headily. BRAINSICKNESS (from brainsick) indifcretion, giddiness. BOTANO SOPHISTS (of Belar, an herb, and copies, a fophifter, Gr.) a bota nift or one skilled in herbs. BOʻTHRION (Bolgov, of Belp, a ditch, Gr.) a kind of hollow, narrow and hard ulcer in the tunica cornea; alfo the focket of the teeth. To BOTTOM off (a Drinking term) to drink the last draught of a pot of drink, or the last glass of a bottle of wine. BOTTOM'LESS (of bozan, and leap, Sax.) having no bottom. : is BOTTOMRY (fo called from the bottom of the Ship) is a fort of ufury that is founded upon the fafe return of a ship, from the voyage to the place where her cargo configned as follows, the mafter, purfer, mate or other perfon takes up a certain fut of money at 20, 30, 40, or more per Cest. to be paid at the fafe return of the hip, but if the fhip be taken by enemies, or pirates, or founders at fea, the lender lofes his money. BOVIL'LON (with Farriers) is a lump of flesh or excrefcence growing either upon of juft by the frufh, which makes the fruth fhoot out like a pump, which is called the feth blowing upon the frufh, and makes a horse halt, F. BOULDER Walls (Architect.) certain walls built of round flints or pebbles, laid on a frong mortar; ufed where the fea has a beach caft up, &c. BOULE TE (with Horfemen) a term ufed of a horfe, when the fetlock or pastern joint bends forward, and out of its natural fitua tion, F. BOULTINE (with Architects) a convex moulding, whofe convexity is but a 14th of the circle, and is placed next below the plinth in the Tuscan and Derick capital. A BOUNCE, |