ABBREVIATED (abbreviatus, L.) made

fhorter.

ABBU'TTALS (of aboutire, F. to limit or bound, or of butan or onburan, Sax.) the buttings and boundings of lands, highways, &c. either towards the eaft, weft, north, or fouth.

ABDICATIVE (abdicativus, L.) belonging to abdication; also negative. ABDOMEN (of abdo, L. to hide, and omentum, the caul.)

ABDO'MEN (with Anatomifis) the lowermoft of the three Ventres, or great cavities, which contains the ftomach, liver, bladder, fpleen, guts, &c.

ABELE-tree (with Botanists), a finer kind of white poplar.

A'BER (Old British) the fall of a leffer water into a greater, as of a brook into a river, a river into a lake or fea. The mouth of a river; as Aberconway, &c.

ABERE-MURDER (of abene appareat, and mops murder, Sax.) plain or downright murder, in diftinction from manflaughter and chance medley..

ABETITORS (in Law) are alfo thofe perfons, who without caufe procure others to fue out falfe appeals of felony or murder against perfons, that they may thereby render them infamous.

ABGATORIA (of abgbittin, Irish) the alphabet A B C, &i.

To ABHOR (abborreo, L.) to hate with acrimony; to deteft to extremity; to loath. ABHORRENCE (from abbor) 1. The aft of abborring, deteftation. 2. The difpofition to abbor, hatred.

ABHORRENCY. The fame with ab

borrence.

ABHORRENT (from abbor) 1. Struck with abborrence. 2. Contrary to, foreign, inconfiftent with; it is ufed with the particles from or to, but more properly with from. ABHORRER (from abbor) the perfon that abbors, a hater, detefter.

ABILITY (babileté, F.) 1. The power to do any thing, whether depending upon fkill, or riches, or ftrength, or any other quality. 2. Capacity. 3. When in the plural number, Abilities frequently fignify the faculties or powers of the mind, and fometimes the force of understanding given by nature, as diftinguished from acquired qualifications. To AB'JUGATE (abjugatum, L.) to un❤ yoke, to uncouple.

ABJURATION (in our Old Customs) fignified a voluntary banishment of a man's felf from his native country or kingdom for ever. ABJURATION (in a Law Senfe) fignifies a folemn promifing, never to yield or give

To AB'LEGATE (ablegatum, L.) to fend abroad upon fome employment; alfo to fend a perfon out of the way that one is weary of. AB'LENESS (of bibilitas, L.) capablenefs to perform.

AB'LUENT (abluens, L.) washing away cleansing,

ABLU'TION, a cleansing or purifying by

wafhing.

This ceremony was firft ufed by the Jewish priefts before the offering of facrifice; for which purpose king Solomon made a great laver or fca of brafs, into which the priests having first thrown the afhes of the facrifice, they wash'd them felves.

The ancient Romans likewife, in imitation of this ceremony, were wont to wash their head, hands, feet, or whole body, before they began the office of facrififing.

The modern Roman Catholicks apply it to what the priest, who confecrates the water or hoft, washes his hands with; and alfo to that fmall quantity of vine and water that they drink after swallowing the wafer or host to wash it down.

ABNEGATION, a denying a matter point

blank.

ABOMINABLE (abominari, according to the native fenfe of the word, from ab and omen, L. fignifies to account a thing for an ill omen, or an unlucky fign, and therefore to pray against it by certain forms of speech) fit or deferving to be abhorred, loathed or hated.

To ABOM'INATE (abominari, of ab and omeny properly fignifies to take a thing for an ill fign or unlucky omen; to pray against it, or with the contrary, by certain forms and fpeeches; we use it for to abhor, hate or loath.

A'BON 2 (with the ancient Britains) A'VONS fignified a river, and was a gene ral name for all rivers.

To ABORT (aberto, L.) to bring forth before the time; to mifcarry.

ABORTION (abortio, L.) 1. The a of bringing forth untimely. 2. The produce of an untimely birth.

ABORTIVE, that which is born before the due time."

ABORTIVE (abortivus, L.) 1. That which is brought forth before the due time of birth. 2. Figuratively, that which fails for want of time. 3. That which brings forth nothing.

ABORTIVELY (from abortive) born without the due time; immaturely, untimely. ABORTIVENESS (from abortive) the ftate of abortion.

ABORTMENT (from abort) the thing brought forth out of time; an untimely birth.

ABORTION (with Gardeners) a term ufed of fruits that are produced too early before their time, as trees happening to be blatted by

B 2

noxiou

or fphere is faid to be abfolutely round, in contradiftinction to a figure that is partly fo, as an Oval, a Spheroid, &c.

ABSOLUTION (in the Canon Law) a juridical act, whereby a prieft as a judge, and by virtue of a power delegated to him from Chrift, remits fins. ABSOLUTION (in the Civil Law) fignifies a definitive sentence, whereby a man accufed of any crime is acquitted.

ABSOLUTION (in the Reformed Churches is ufually understood of a fentence by which a perfon ftanding excommunicated, is freed or released from the excommunication.

ABSOLUTORIUM (with_Physicians) an abfolute remedy, or most effectual medicine; also a certain cure or perfect recovery, L.

ABSOLUTENESS (of abfolu, F. abfolutus, L.) arbitrariness, freedom from conditions, &c.

To ABSORB (with Gardeners, &c.) is a term applied to thofe greedy branches, that growing on fruit trees, do drink up and rob the other branches of the nutritious juice, that they ftand in need of for their nourishment and augmentation.

ABSTER'SIVE Medicines, fuch as are ufed to clear the fkin and outward parts of the body from filth.

ABSTRACT (in Philofopby) that which is feparated from fome other thing by an operation of the mind called abstraction.

An ABSTRACT-Idea, is some fimple idea, detach'd and feparated from any particular fubject or complex idea, for the fake of viewing and confidering it more diftinctly, as it is in itfelf, its own nature, &c.

ABSTRACTED Mathematicks, is used in oppofition to mix'd mathematicks; the former fignifying pure arithmetick, geometry, or algebra.

ABSTRACTED Nouns Subftantives (with Grammarians, &c.) are fuch nouns as denote a thing; the existence of which is real, and in the nature of the thing; but fubfifts only in the understanding; as Humanity, Truth, Vigilance, &c.

ABSTRU'SE (abftrufus. L.) far remov'd from the common apprehenfions or ways of conceiving.

ABSURD'NESS (abfurditas, L.) difagrecableness to reafon, impertinence, folly; an error or offence against fome generally allowed truth or principle.

ABUNDANTIA, an allegorical divinity, which was reprefented under the figure of a young virgin amidst all forts of good things, in good plight of body, having a fresh lively colour, holding in her hand a horn, faid to be that of Acbelous.

Self ABU'SE, the crime called otherwife, felf-pollution. ABU'SIVENESS, offenfiveness, affrontjagnets,

ABYS'MAL, pertaining to an abyfs. ABYSS (ACíacos, Gr.) a bottomless pit or gulf, or any prodigious deep, where no bottom can be found, or is fuppofed to have no bottom; a vaff unfathomable depth of waters, fuch as is supposed to be inclosed in the bowels of the earth.

ACADEMY, is a fort of collegiate school or feminary, where young perfons are inftructed in a private way, in the liberal arta and fciences.

ACADEMY (of Horsemanship) is alfa used to fignify a riding-school, a place where perfons are taught to ride the great horse, and other exercises, as fencing, &c.

ACATALEPTICK (of 'Axalaλswlos» Gr.)_incomprehenfible.

ÁCATHARSIA ('Ax Bapsia, of a neg. and Katipo, Gr.) to purge or cleanfe) that filth or impurity in a diseased body, which is not yet purged off.

To ACCE'DE, (accedere, L.) to come to, to draw near to, to enter into.

ACCELERATED Motion (in Mechan.) a motion which receives continual increments or acceffions of velocity.

ACCELERA'TION (with Philofophers) a continual increase of motion in any heavy bodies tending towards the centre of the earth, by the force of gravity.

ACCELERATION (with the anciest Aftronomers) a term used in refpect to the fixed ftars, and fignified the difference between the revolution of the Primum Mobile and the folar revolution, which was competed at 3 minutes and 56 feconds.

ACCELERATORES (Anatomy) certain muscles, so called of accelerandi, i. e. hastening.

To ACCEN'D (accendere, L.) to kindle, to fet on fire.

ACCEN'SION (Pbilofophy) the inkindling or fetting any natural body on fire.

ACCENT (with Rhetoricians) a tone or modulation of the voice. used fometimes to denote the intention of the orator or speaker, to give a good or ill fignification to his words.

Grave ACCENT (with Gram.) is this mark [`] over a vowel, to fhew that the voice is to be depreffed.

Acute ACCENT is this mark [] over a vowel, to fhew that the voice is to be

raised.

ACCENTUATION, a pronouncing or marking a word, fo as to lay a ftrefs of the voice upon the right vowel or fyllable.

To ACCEPT (accipio, L. accepter, F.) 1. To take with pleasure; to receive kindly; to admit with Approbation. It is diftinguished from receive, as fpecifick from general; noting a particular manner of receiving. 2. It is used in a kind of juridical sense; as, to accept terms, accept a treaty. 3. In the language of the Bible, to accept perfons, is to act with perfonal and partial regard. 4. It is fometimes used with the particle of; as to accept of a perfon.

ACCEPTABILITY, the quality of being

acceptable.

ACCEPTABLE (acceptable, F. from the L.) It is pronounced by some with the accent in the first fyllable, as by Milton; by others with the accent in the fecond. That which is likely to be accepted, grateful, pleasing. It it ufed with the particle to before the perfon accepting.

ACCEPTABLENESS (from acceptable) the quality of being acceptable.

ACCEPTABLY (from acceptable, F.) in an acceptable manner, so as to please, with the particle to.

ACCEPTANCE (acceptance Fr.) 1. Reception with approbation. 2. The meaning of a Word, as it is received or understood; acceptation.

ACCEPTANCE (in Law) the receiving of a Rent, whereby the giver binds himself, for ever, to allow a former fact, done by another, whether good or bad.

ACCEPTANCE 2 (in Law) a tacit ACCEPTATION agreement: thus if a man and his wife, feized of land in right of his wife, do join in making a leafe by deed, referving rent, the husband dying, the wife receives or accepts of the rent, the leafe fhall be made good by this acceptance in her, and fhall bar her from bringing the writ Cui in vita against the tenant.

ACCESS (in fome of its Senfes it seems derived from acceffus; in others from acceffio, L. acces, F.) 1. The way by which any thing may be approached. 2. The means, or liberty, of approaching either to things or men. 3. Encreafe, enlargement, or addition. 4. It is fometimes used after the French, to fignify the returns of fits of a diftemper; but this fenfe feems yet fcarcely received into our language.

ACCESSION (acceffio, L. acceffion, F.) 1. Encrease by fomething added, enlargement, augmentation. 2. The act of coming to; joining one's felf to; as acceffion to a Confederacy. 3. The act of arriving at ; as the King's acceffion to the Throne.

ACCES'SION (with Phyficians) the fit, or time of being worft in any intermittent; the fame as Paroxyfmus.

ACCESSORY (by Statute) a perfon who

encourages, advifes, or conceals an offender, who is guilty of felony by statute.

PER ACCIDENS (with Philofophers) that which does not follow from the nature of the thing, but from fome accidental qua lity of it. Lat.

ACCIDENT (accidens, L.) a contingent effect, or fomething produced cafually and without any fore-knowledge or deftination of it in the agent that produced it, or to whom it happens.

A thing is alfo frequently filed an accident, in reference to its cause, or at least as to our knowledge of it, and by this an effect either cafually produced, or which appears to have been fo to us, is commonly understood.

Common ACCIDENTS (with Logicians) is the fifth of the univerfal ideas, and are when the object is a true mode, which may be separated, at leaft by the mind, from the thing of which it is faid to be an accident, and yet the idea of that thing shall not be destroy'd; as round, bard, juft, prudent, &c.

Entitive ACCIDENTS (in Metaphyficks) are either primary or fecondary.

Primary entitive ACCIDENTS, are fuch as are abfolute, as Quantity and Quality. Refpective entitive ACCIDENT (with Logicians) is relation.

Modificative entitive ACCIDENTS (with Metaphyficians) are quando, when; fitus, fituation; babitus, habit.

Prædicable ACCIDENT (with Logicians) implies a common quality, which may be, or may not be in the subject, as a particular colour, as redness in a wall.

Predicamental ACCIDENT (with Logici ans) is when it is in its effence or nature to fubfift in, inhere or cleave to some substance, and cannot be alone.,

ACCIDENT (with Phyficians) is fuch as does not flow immediately from the first caufe, but from cafual interpofitions; fome ufe the expreffion in much the fame fenfe as fymptom.

Abfolute ACCIDENT (with Roman Catholicks) is an accident which does, or may poffible fubfift, at leaft miraculously, or by fome fupernatural power, without a subject.

ACCIDENTS (in Heraldry) are the prin« cipal points in an efcutcheon.

ACCIDENTALNESS (of accidentalis, L.) the happening by chance.

ACCLAIM, acclamation. Milton, ACCLIVIS (in Anatomy) a muscle called alfo Obliquus afcendens.

ACCLIVITY (acclivitas, Lat.) is a steepness reckoned upwards on a flope; declivity is a steepness downwards; thus BA is an acclivity, and AB a declivity.

B

A

ACCLI'VOUS

ACCLIVOUS (acclivis, L.) rifing upwards, fteep up.

ACCOLLE (in Heraldry) collared, or wearing a collar, Fr.

ACCOMMODATION, the compofure or putting an end to a difference, quarrel, &c. alfo convenience.

ACCOMMODATION (in Philofophy) the Application of one thing by analogy to another.

ACCOMPANIMENT, fomething attending or added as a circumftance to another, either by way of ornament, or for the fake of fymmetry, or the like. ACCOMPANIMENTS (in Heraldry) are all fuch as are applied about the fhield, by way of ornament, as the belt, mantlings, fupporters, &c.

To ACCOMPANY (accompagner, F.) to go or come with.

ACCOMPLISHMENT (accomplissement, F.) the entire execution, atchievement, or fulfilling of fomething propofed or undertaken.

ACCOMPLISHMENTS, acquirements in literature, art, fcience, good behaviour, &c.

To ACCORD (derived by fome from corda, the ftring of a mufical inftrument; by others from corda, hearts; in the first, implying harmony, in the other unity) to make agree, to adjust one thing to another, with the particle to.

To ACCORD, to agree, to suit with one another, with the particle with.

ACCORD (accord, F.) 1. A compact, an agreement. 2. Concurrence, union of mind. 3. Harmony, fymmetry, juft correfpondence of one thing with another. 4. Mufical note. 5. Voluntary motion. 6. Action in fpeaking, correfpondent to the words,

ACCORDAMENT (from accord) 1.Agree | ment with a perfon, with the particle with. 2. Conformity to fomething.

ACCORDANT (accordant, F.) Willing, in a good humour.

ACCORDING (from accord) 1. In a manner fuitable to, agreeably to, in proportion. 2. With regard to. ACCORDINGLY (from accord) agreeably, fuitably, conformably.

ACCOUNT (from the old F. accompt, from compactus, L.) originally written ac compt; but by gradually foftening the pronunciation, in time the orthography changed to account. 1. A computation of debts, or expences; a register of Facts relating to Money. 2. The ftate or refult of a Computation; as the account ftands thus between us. 3. Such a state of persons or things, as may make them more or less worthy of being confidered in the reckoning, value, or eftimation. 4. Distinction, dignity, rank, 5. A reckoning verified by finding

the value of a thing equal to what it was accounted. 6. A reckoning referred to, or fum charged upon any particular perfon; and thence, figuratively, regard, confideration, fake. 7. A narrative, relation. In this ufe it may feem to be derived from conte, F. a tale, a narration. 8. The review and examination of an affair taken by authority; as, the magiftrate took an account of the tumult. 9. The relation and reasons of a tranfaction, given to a perfon in authority. 10. Explanation; affignment of causes. II. An opinion concerning things previously eftablifhed. 12. The reasons of any thing collected. 13. In Law account is, in the common Law, taken for a writ or action brought | against a man, that, by means of office or bufinefs undertaken, is to render an account to another, as a bailiff to his master, a guardian to his ward.

To ACCOUNT (see account) 1. To esteem to think, to hold in opinion. 2. To reckon, to compute. 3. To give an account, to affign the causes; in which fense it is followed by the particle for. 4. To make up the reckoning; to answer for practices. 5. To appear as the medium by which any thing may be explained. 6. To affign to, with the parti cle to. 7. To hold in efteem.

ACCOUNTABLE (from account) of whom an account may be required; who must answer for followed by the particle to before the perfon, and for before the thing.

ACCOUNTANT (from account) accountable to; refponfible for.

ACCOUNTANT, a computer, a man fkilled or employed in accounts.

ACCOUNT-Book, a book containing ac

counts.

ACCOUNTING (from account) the act of reckoning, or making up of accounts. ACCRETION, growing or ficking to,

Lat.

ACCRETION (with Naturalifts) is frequently apply'd to the increase of fuch bodies as are without life, and it is also called Appofition or Fuxta-pofition.

ACCRETION (with Civilians) a ACCREMENT vague or vacant portion of ground, joined or united with grounds held or poffeffed by another.

ACCROCHE' (in Heraldry) is when one thing hooks into another, F.

ACCURATELY (accurate, L.) with exactnefs and nicety.

ACCU'SABLE (accufabilis, L.) that may be, or deferves to be accused.

ACCUSATION 2 (in the Civil Law) is ACCUSA'TIONS the intending a criminal action against any one, either in one's own name, or that of the publick.

ACEPHA'LOUS ('Axípaλos, Gr.) with out a head.

ACER'B (acerbus, L.) of a compound tafte, which confifts of four, and a degree of rough