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A. J. B. Hope, Esq., M.P., a son of the author of "Anastasius," who not only saved it from further desecration, but has restored the gateway and built within the Abbey walls a Protestant missionary college.

Mercery Lane, one of the ancient avenues leading from the High Street to the Cathedral, is interesting to the visitor from its having been, according to tradition, the usual resort of the numerous pilgrims who in former times flocked to Canterbury to pay their devotions at the shrine of Thomas a Becket, where, as Chaucer expresses it

"And specially from every shire's ende

Of Engle loud to Canterbury they wende."*

A pilgrimage to Canterbury will well repay the tourist, especially if he chance to be an ecclesiologist.

Of the walls by which Canterbury was anciently surrounded, some remains still exist; but all the gates have been taken down excepting one, Westgate, which forms the entrance by the London road. At the south-west extremity of the city are the remains of an ancient castle, a little to the east of which, and adjacent to the city wall, is a high artificial mound, called the Dane John (from Donjon), the sides of which are cut into serpentine walks, and tastefully adorned with trees and shrubs. The summit commands a fine prospect of the surrounding country, and the whole forms a favourite place of public resort. Canterbury has no manufacture of any importance, and, since the formation of the railway to Dover, has lost much of the traffic which it formerly possessed. Many of the lower class of inhabitants are engaged in the hop grounds by which it is surrounded. Canterbury has some trade in corn, and good markets for provisions of all kinds. It returns two members to Parliament. Population in 1851, 18,398.

Six miles distant from Canterbury is Whitstable, a fishing village on the north coast of Kent, and near the mouth of the Swale, the estuary which separates the island of Sheppey from the mainland. It is connected with Canterbury by a railway. Population (1851), 2746. Four and a half miles further to the eastward is Herne Bay, which has of late years been partially frequented by the people of the metropolis as a summer bathing-place, for which its situation is well suited. But the extensive scale upon which it was laid out gives it an unfinished appearance, and the greater gaiety of Margate and Ramsgate attracts by far the larger number of visitors. The pier, or rather jetty, which is built on wooden piles, extends three-quarters of a mile into the sea, and forms a fine promenade. Herne Bay contains several charitable institutions, for which the inhabitants are chiefly indebted to the munificence of Mrs. Thwaits.

Nearly three miles to the east of Herne Bay is the ancient village of Reculver, the site of the Roman station Regulbium, and afterwards the seat of royalty

• Canterbury Tales, vol. ii. p. 1. Pickering's Edition of Chaucer.

under the Saxons. The encroachments of the sea on this part of the coast have swept away many of the houses and part of the churchyard, which is situated on the edge of a cliff; but this has been preserved by artificial means from further devastation, and the two lofty towers of the ruined church, which form a well-known landmark to sailors, are kept in repair under the direction of the Trinity House. Immediately beyond the Reculvers is the Isle of Thanet, on which are situated Margate and Ramsgate.

Margate (11 miles to the eastward of Herne Bay, and 16 miles, by the turnpike road, from Canterbury), originally an inconsiderable fishing village, has become of late years one of the most favourite and frequented watering-places in the kingdom. It contains numerous hotels, bazaars, assembly-rooms, a theatre, and other means of amusement for visitors during the bathing season. A stone pier, 903 feet long, and 60 feet wide in the broadest part, with a light. house at the extremity, forms a much-frequented promenade. During the summer and autumn, steamboats pass every day between Margate and London, performing the voyage in from six to seven hours. Population (1851) 9107. Three miles west of Margate is Birchington Park, in which are two handsome towers, one of which has a peal of 12 bells. Two and a half miles east of Margate is Kingsgate, situated in a bay formed by an indentation in the chalk cliffs which line all this part of the Kentish coast. Kingsgate was formerly called Bartholomew's Gate, but received its present appellation in consequence of Charles II. landing here on his way to Dover in 1683. A mansion was erected here by Henry, third Lord Holland, on a plan resembling Tully's villa on the coast of Baiæ: it is now partly in ruins, which have a fantastic and not unpicturesque appearance. Adjacent to Kingsgate is the North Foreland, a bold promontory with a lighthouse on its summit.

About 1 mile to the south of the North Foreland is the pleasant village and watering-place of Broadstairs, distant 3 miles from Margate and 2 from Ramsgate. Broadstairs is much resorted to during the bathing season, and is preferred by many on account of its quiet and retirement, as compared with the larger watering-places in its vicinity. It has a small pier for the protection of fishing boats, but passengers from London are landed by boats from the Ramsgate steamers, which call here daily during the summer season. Popu lation, 1549.

Near Broadstairs is Piermont, a villa which was the frequent residence of Her Majesty when a child.

Ramsgate, 16 miles (by road) from Canterbury, and 4 miles from Margate, is situated at the south-east extremity of the Isle of Thanet. Besides being greatly resorted to as a bathing-place by visitors from London and elsewhere, Ramsgate has also considerable coasting trade, and both ship-building and rope-making are carried on. The harbour, which embraces an area of 48 acres, is formed by two stone piers, of which the eastern extends 2000 feet r length, and is one of the finest works of the kind in the kingdom. The wester

pier is 1500 feet long, and has a lighthouse at its extremity. The harbour admits vessels of 500 tons burden, and is divided into two parts by a wall, fitted with sluices, and forming an inner and an outer harbour. The voyage between Ramsgate and London by steamboat occupies from seven to eight hours. Population in 1851, 11,838.

On the east side of Ramsgate is East Cliff Lodge, the seat of Sir Moses Montefiore, Bart.; and a short distance to the southwest of the town is Pegwell Bay, famous for its shrimps. Pegwell Bay possesses also an interest of another kind, since it was here that, according to tradition, Hengist and Horsa landed, about the year 446 A. D.

A road also leads from Canterbury to Sandwich and Deal. At the distance of 34 miles it passes Littlebourne, near which, on the right, is Lee Priory, Sir F. S. H. Brydges, Bart. Three miles farther on is Wingham, and near it, on the right, is Dane Court, E. R. Rice, Esq. A little farther in the same direction is Goodneston, Sir B. W. Bridges, Bart. Three miles and a quarter from Wingham is Ash; and three miles farther, the town of Sandwich. This was formerly a place of some importance, but its harbour has long been choked up with sand. It is a Cinque Port, and contained in 1851, 2966 inhabitants.

About 5 miles from Sandwich is Deal, also one of the Cinque Ports, and situated near the Downs, which extend about 8 miles in length and 6 in breadth, between this place and the Goodwin Sands. Deal was, before the general rise of steam tugs, the general rendezvous of the East India and other fleets. Here was also an establishment of pilots, for the more safe conveyance of shipping into and out of the Downs, and up the rivers Thames and Medway. Deal is defended by a castle, and along the coast are several martello towers. Between this place and Sandwich is Sandown Castle, built by Henry VIII; and about a mile from the town, on the other side, is Walmer Castle, held till his decease by the Duke of Wellington, as Warden of the Cinque Ports. Deal has of late years become frequented as a watering place, and its appearance been in consequence greatly improved. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in boat-building, sailmaking, and other pursuits of a nantical character; and the Deal boatmen have a deservedly high repute for their skill and intrepidity in affording assistance to vessels in distress. For Parliamentary purposes Deal is included in the borough of Sandwich, which, conjointly with it, returns two members to Parliament. Population, 1851, 7067.

Six miles distant from Deal is the S. Foreland Lighthouse; and three miles beyond, Dover.

Margate, Ramsgate, and Deal are all connected with the metropolis by railways, for which see Chapters IV. and V.

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Dover is situated in a deep valley, formed by an opening in the chalk hills, which surround it in the form of an amphitheatre. On one of these, situated to the eastward of the town, and rising abruptly to a height of 320 feet above the sea, is situated the ancient Castle. The walls of Dover Castle embrace an area of nearly 35 acres of ground, within which space are contained towers and other buildings of various ages, from Roman to recent times. The appearance of the whole, from the commanding elevation which it occupies, is very imposing. Other portions of the heights adjacent to the town are also fortified. The harbour, which is formed artificially by piers and jetties, has recently been deepened and much improved, at vast expense. The town has been greatly extended of late years, and is now a fashionable and much-frequented wateringplace, with every accommodation for the convenience of visitors. It is situated at the point of our island which makes the nearest approach to the coast of France, which is distant only 21 miles, and which is distinctly visible in clear weather. By means of the submarine electric telegraph, Dover now keeps up a constant communication with France, and through her, with a great portion of the continent. It was formerly the principal place of embarkation for the continent, but has been partially superseded in that respect by Folkstone. Dover is one of the Cinque Ports, and returns two members to Parliament. Population in 1851, 22,244. The hotels and inns are numerous.

About half a mile to the south-west of Dover is Shakespere's Cliff, a bold prominence of chalk, now tunnelled through by the railway, and the name of which is derived from the well-known description in the fourth act of" King Lear," which it is supposed to have suggested. But portions of the summit have fallen at various times, so that it now retires inland, and no longer "looks fearfully in the confined deep,"-though still affording a magnificent and "dizzy" prospect.

CHATHAM, BY RAILWAY, 31 Miles.

ON RIGHT FROM LOND.

From Rochest.

From

London.

ON LEFT FROM LOND.

Railway to Brighton and Dover branches off.

The Railway passes through the centre of Woolwich, which is distant 8 m. from London by road, and about 9 m. by water. Here is a Government dockyard, established in the reign of Henry VIII. consisting of a narrow strip of land, which extends for more than half a m. along the banks of the river. But the chief object of interest is the R. Arsenal, which covers more than 100 acres, and forms the grand depot of artillery for the use of the army and navy. It seldom contains fewer than 24,000 pieces of ordnance, besides smaller arms innumerable. Here are foundries for cannon, and every other description of warlike stores. On the adjacent common are exteasive barracka, a Royal Military Academy for the educa tion of young gentlemen designed for the military profession, and a Military Repos itory, containing weapons of destruction of almost every 26 age and nation. There is a large convict establishment bere employed in the Government Dockyard and the Arsenal. On the opposite side of the Thames a new town is 23 springing up, called NorthWoolwich Pop. of Parish 22

(1831), 32,307.
Plumstead.
Belvidere Park, Sir C.
E. Eardley, Bart.

27

24

20

18

From London Bridge, by Greenwich railway, for 2 miles.

Enter Kent.

The Greenwich railway was the first constructed line which had its commencement in the metropolis. It is constructed throughout upon arches, which form a viaduct 22 feet in height above the ground. This line forms the point of departure for both the Brighton and Dover lines.

cr. river Ravensbourne.

Lewisham Station.
Blackheath St.
Charlton St.

Close to the Station is the fine) old manor house of Charlton, Sir T. M. Wilson, Bart.

Woolwich Dockyd. St. Woolwich Arsenal St.

Abbey Wood St.

Erith St.

Rotherhithe.

Deptford, almost a suburb of London, has a royal dockyard, which embraces an area of 31 Jacres. The workhouse occupies the site of Sayes Court, the residence of the celebrated John Evelyn. Here Peter the Great studied shipbuilding. Pop. of Parish (1851) 31,970.

To Greenwich, 13 mile.

Greenwich, the birthplace of Queen Bess and her father. distant 5 m. from London Bride by road, is chiefly remarkable for its magnificent hospital, originally designed for a royal palace, but appropriated since 1694 to the purposes of an hospital for decayed seamen. Additions were made subsequent to this date by Sir Christopher Wren, &c. There is also a Royal Park, enclosing 200 acres, on an eminence of which stands the Observatory. The Park is greatly resorted to by the people of 4 London for the purpose of

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recreation. The Ranger's house is occupied by the Ear]| of Aberdeen, who holds that office at present.

Greenwich, Deptford, and Woolwich, form together the borough of Greenwich, which returns two members to Par

8liament. Pop. (1851) 105,784.

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Dartford, a small town situated on the river Darent, is noted for its gunpowder and paper mills. The first paper mill in England was erected here. Pop. 1851, 5763 Greenhithe.

Ingress Abbey-The Hive. At Northfleet some ship building is carried on. Liel

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