EUROPE.

FRANCE-An ordinance has just been issued by the King of France relative to the organization of the National Guard, which is of considerable importance. His Majesty has withdrawn the National Guard from under the orders of its own separate amd peculiar staff, and placed it at the disposal of the Minister of the Interior. The King has thus declared that respectable body of citizens to constitute no longer a military force, but has recalled it to its original destination, and subjected it to the civil authorities. The second article of the decree is a complete abolition of the whole establishment of the superior officers of that corps, the highest rank which is to exist in future being that of Commandant of a commune or canton. The office, henceforth nominal, of Colonel-General of the National Guards, continues to be held by Monsieur, with the honours annexed to the rank of Colonel-General d'Armes; but it is a shadow, of which the substance is no more. Its patronage no longer exists -its independence of the ministers is gone the power of issuing orders to the National Guards, of appointing their offcers, and influencing their spirit, is transferred to the department of Minister of the Interior, and merges in the general government of the day.

SPAIN. A sudden revolution took place in the Spanish Ministry on the 15th September; followed, as is usual with this despotic government, by the banishment of the disgraced individuals. The three principal members of the Cabinet transacted business with Ferdinand late in the evening of the 14th; and by six the following morning they had left Madrid under a military escort, for the places of their exile. Pizarro, the Minister for. Foreign Affairs, with his wife in the last stage of pregnancy, was sent to Valencia; Garay, the Minister of Finance, to Saragossa; and Figaroa, the Minister of Marine, to Andalusia. Their places have been supplied by the following persons:-The Marquis de Cassairujo, Prime Minister; Admiral Cisneros, Minister of Marine; and the Counsellor of Rents, Himas, Minister of Finance. The three disgraced Ministers were opposed in their measures by MM. Egnia and Lozaro de Torres, and this opposition was strengthened by the violent hostility of the nobles and clergy, in consequence of M.. Garay's plans of finance, which made them

contribute their quota to the public service, along with the other classes of the community. By their powerful and united influence, the ministers have been overthrown and driven into exile; and, indeed, they may congratulate themselves that they were not thrown into dungeons, there to languish out the remainder of their days. Their successors are said to be vigorous and determined in their views, and great exertions are expected from them against the South American colonies.

GERMANY.-The Congress of Sovereigns at Aix-la-Chapelle assembled on the 30th ult. and accounts of their proceedings have been received up to the 2d instant; on which day, and at the end of their third conference, they are said to have signed an act for the evacuation of France by the foreign troops. This evacuation is to commence early in November, and it is expected it will be completed by the end of that month. The contributions still due to the allies by France are to be discharged in the course of nine months from the signature of the treaty; the first instalment to be paid on the 6th December.

SWEDEN.-Letters from Drontheim give a flattering account of the coronation of Charles John, which was solemnized there with considerable pomp on the 7th ult. in the principal church, and an illumination took place in the evening, during which the King and Prince walked through the principal streets, amidst the acclamations of the people. Twenty-seven criminals were to be pardoned on this occasion.

TURKEY.-From this country all the accounts recently received speak of the agitation and confusions prevailing in Constantinople. The discontented Janissaries have been, as usual, setting fire to the town, with such success, that, on the 13th, of August, some thousand houses, with mosques and churches, were reduced to ashes. The Sultan and all his ministers were present, to animate the zeal of those employed to extinguish the flames; but the narrowness of the streets impeded all their attempts for this purpose. It seems

that the licentious Janissaries disliked their Aga; and under the influence, as is alleged, of certain ambitious instigators, demanded the deposition of the Grand Vizier, the Captain Pacha, and others of the Sultan's Cabinet. The wisdom of the Porte has been praised on this occasion; and as an illustration of that rare quality, two remarkable circumstances are put on record.

EAST INDIES.- Various dispatches have been published since our last, relating chiefly to the concluding operations of the war in India, the result of which had been already decided by previous battles. All the native armies which took the field against the British have been dispersed the different chiefs are either prisoners or fugitives and the hill fortresses of the country are falling successively into our hands. In short, all opposition seems to vanish before the British power in India; new districts have been added to our empire in that quarter, and it is not easy to fix limits to its extension. The governor and council of Bombay notify the surrender of several fortresses sub sequently to those noticed in former Gazettes, particularly that of Singhur, a strong hill-fort between Poona and Poorunder, which capitulated, after a pretty obstinate resistance, to General Pritzler. Sir J. Malcolm gives a satisfactory account of the proceedings which he had taken against the only two remaining Pindaree chiefs, Runjun and Cheetoo. These personages, after their flight to Bhopaul, continued to lurk with a few followers amid the forests and mountains; but, in consequence of Sir John's operations, Ranjun was compelled to surrender; and though Cheetoo had escaped, he was in great distress, with not more than twenty followers, and totally without means of giving our government any annoyance. The most important intelligence, however, contained in these dispatches, relates to Bajee Row, lately called the Peishwa. After losing a considerable number of men in an attack made on him by General Adams on the 17th of April, he sustained a more serious misfortune in the defection of several of his principal adherents. Appa Dessye Nepaunker, with Chinajee Appa, the younger brother of Bajee Row, together with between 2000 and 3000 horse, came over in a body, and made their submission to the English government, an example which it was thought probable Bajee Row himself would soon follow, and thus put an end to the opposition of the only sovereign now in arms against us in India.

In the accounts of the early part of the campaign in India it was stated that two British officers, (Messrs Hunter and Mor

rison,) Cornets in the Madras cavalry, had been taken prisoners and put to death by the troops of the Peishwa. From India papers recently arrived we find that no such wanton cruelty has been perpetrated, and that these two captives were, on the contrary, treated with every attention to their personal comforts. We are indebted for this information to the capture of the fortress of Wassota, on the surrender of which they were found in the place.

The Bombay papers contain the abstract of a proclamation issued by Mr Elphinstone, declaratory of the views of the British Government, and the policy intended to be pursued with respect to Bajee Row, and the territories lately under his authority. After detailing the various acts on the part of the Peishwa, indicative of his insincerity, and of his hostile disposition towards the Company's interests in India, it proceeds to declare, that Bajee Row was deposed, and that his dominions were henceforth to be placed under the management of the British power. It mentions also the military arrangements in progress for that purpose, and our determination to rescue the Rajah of Satarah from the custody of the nominal head of the Mahratta States. A principality is to be established, for the maintenance of the rank and dignity of the Rajah.

CEYLON. We have pleasure in stating, that private advices have been received from Ceylon to the latter end of April, which are much less alarming than those by the previous arrivals. A reinforcement of 700 Sepoys had arrived from Madras, by the Minden, 74, Captain Patterson, in good order; but had been embarked in so much haste, and with accommodations so inade quate to their numbers, that much inconvenience was suffered by them on their pas sage.

Governor Brownrigg was at Candy, confined by an attack of the gout. It was supposed that the British force amounted to about 6000 men, including 2000 who arrived the beginning of April. Every thing remained tranquil on the coast, where little was known of what was going on up the country.

PERSIA. An article from Petersburgh, dated 28th August, contains a manifesto, which, after noticing the peace concluded between Russia and Persia, in the year 1813, states that the Emperor of Russia binds himself to support, if necessary, the succession of the son of the Schah to the throne, and pledges the powerful assistance of Russia to prevent any foreign power from interfering in the affairs of Persia.

AFRICA.

The Sierra Leone Gazettes, which have been received to the 18th of June, contain additional proofs of the increasing prosperity of this interesting colony; not only in

the improvements which are daily made in the colony itself, but in the rapid approaches to civilization which are visible in its dependencies. There is not only a considerable increase in the commercial relations of this infant settlement, but also, what is more desirable, a sensible amelioration of the morals of its inhabitants.

Authentic accounts, received from the coast of Africa, state that the Spaniards have transported a greater number of slaves to the West Indies in three months of the present year than in the same interval in any preceding year. Twelve thousand slaves were lately imported into the Havannah, from Africa, in the course of one week.

AMERICA.

CHILI. The Buenos Ayres papers contain the following statement, showing the devotedness of the Chilians to the cause of independence." When the combined Patriotic army was in daily expectation of being attacked by the Royalists in Chili, and the public treasury was exhausted by preparations of defence, the whole of the secular and regular clergy, the various corporate bodies, and richest individuals of Santiago met together, and agreed to form a depot of all the silver plate and valuable ornaments they respectively possessed for their personal use, and a committee was named to present the same to government with an appropriate address. The govern ment accepted the same as a loan, and as property, which, in the hands of commissioners, might be pledged as a security for advances of money, but not alienated, as the same would be returned to the respective owners, as soon as the revenue of the state would allow. In the mean time, to record such a patriotic act, the following inscription was engraved on the pyramids which exist in the eastern and western points, forming the two entrances from the sea and land side into the capital:- On the 5th of March, 1818, the inhabitants of Santiago voluntarily delivered up the whole of their jewels and silver plate, protesting that they would furnish themselves with no other as long as their country was in danger. Nations of the universe, foreigners who may enter Chili, decide whether such people can again be converted into slaves !' The Patriot General, San Martin, refused to accept either additional rank or any personal recompense, after the two brilliant victories gained at Chacabuco and Maipo. On the first occasion, the municipality of Santiago sent him a present of 20,000 dollars, which he returned, saying that he was satisfied with having done his duty. His example has been followed by the other chief officers."

BRAZILS. The packet has brought letters from this quarter to the 18th July, which state that the views of the Portu

guese, with regard to the eastern bank of the river Plate, daily begin to disclose themselves more clearly. Under pretext of following up Artigas, it is mentioned that they are making a grand effort to obtain possession of the whole country as far as the Parana, with the intention of rendering that river the western boundary of the empire of Brazil. They had already taken possession of a fertile range of territory between the rivers Parana and Uruguay, and had pushed 600 dragoons to Corrientes, which is situated at the confluence of the Paraguay and the Parana, and from all these movements it is conjectured to be the intention of the Portuguese Court to extend its possessions in this quarter, so as to lay the foundation of an extensive empire in South America.

VENEZUELA.-Accounts received from this province to the end of August state. that ample preparations have been made by the independent government for the approaching campaign, which will be opened in December by Generals Paez, Arismendi, Bermudez, M'Gregor, and Mariano. Military stores and recruits had been collected in abundance, and auxiliary troops and officers had reached the head-quarters from England; while General Morillo is said not to have more than 1500 old Spanish troops left, the rest of his army being composed of Creoles on whom he cannot depend. If these accounts approach near the truth, it is probable that the next campaign will give a decisive turn to the war in favour of the patriots, and go far to re-establish the tranquillity of the country on the only solid basis--the independence of the colonies.

NEWFOUNDLAND.-The town of St John's suffered from another fire, on the night of the 21st August last." The fire (says a letter of the 30th) was first observed about a quarter before 12 at night, on board his Majesty's ship Sir Francis Drake; an alarm-gun was immediately fired from that ship. The fire commenced in a house near the Ordnance-yard, and the whole range of buildings on that and the opposite side, as far as the Ordnance-gate, were consumed. From what information we have been able hastily to collect, we are happy to say no lives were lost."

QUEBEC. The following is a statement of the imports and exports of that place up to 24th July 1818:—