The Notation of Medieval Music

14th Century actual addition alteration appear applied arrangement beginning Bibl Bibliothèque binaria called canon chanson chant chapter character circle composition conductus considered consists contains continue Dame descending division early employed example expressed facsimile four fourteenth century French given Gregorian groups illustrate imperfect indicated interpretation Italian late later letters ligature lower manner manuscript marked meaning medieval melody mensural meter middle modal mode motet neumes notation notes Nova occurs organum original Paris passages pattern perfect performance period piece pitch placed Plate plica polyphonic practice principles problem punctum referred repeated represented rest rhythm rhythmical seen shape shows signs single notes staff style suggested syllable tail tenor ternary third thirteenth century tion transcribed transcription triplum upper usually verse voices writing written