Farintosh, b. c. by Bay Middleton out of Camarine's dam, Lord George Bentinck's.— At Newmarket July, received 100 sovs.

Gaper, b. c. by Bay Middleton out of Flycatcher, Lord George Bentinck's.-At Goodwood, received 150 sovs.; and at Newmarket Houghton, the Criterion Stakes of 500 sovs.

Grey Filly, by Clearwell out of Goldpin by Whalebone, Lord Orford's.-At Newmarket July, 40 sovs.

Hartshorn, b. c. by Hornsea out of Antelope's dam by Young Gohanna, Mr. Rogers's (now Colonel Peel's).—At Newmarket Second October, 80 sovs.

Hooton, br. c. by Despot out of Susanetta's dam by Catton, Mr. Worthington's.-At Lichfield, 60 sovs.

Humbug, ch. c. by Plenipotentiary out of Deception, Mr. Ford's.-At Gorhambury,

230 sovs.

Inheritress, b. f. by The Saddler out of Executrix by Liverpool, Mr. Ayres's.—At Stockton, 70 sovs.

Jamal, br. c. by Jerry out of Corumba by Filho da Puta, Mr. Coleman's.—At Ascot Heath, 60 sovs.

Judex, b. c. by Jereed out of Gannymede by Mulatto, Colonel Anson's.-At York August, 60 sovs.

Lady Skipsey, br. f. by Inheritor out of Lady Easby by Whisker, Mr. Ramsay's.-At Eglinton Park, 120 sovs.; and at Stirling, received 20 sovs.

Lily, The, b. f. by The Tulip, dam by Caccia Piatti out of Fair Jane's dam, Mr. Price's.-At Wolverhampton, 230 sovs.

Maria Day, b. f. by Physician out of Young Lady Ern by Muley, Lord Westminster's.-At Chester, 275 sovs.; at the same Meeting, 120 sovs.; at Newton, 280 sovs.; and at Liverpool July, 100 sovs.

Miss Susan, ch. f. by Bran out of Susan by Mango, Mr. Arthur's.-At Ludlow, 75 sovs.

Murat, br. c. by Slane out of Hester by Camel, Colonel Peel's.-At Newmarket First October, the Buckenham Stakes of 600 sovs.; at Newmarket Second October, 450 sovs.; and at Newmarket Houghton, 225 sovs.

Napier, ch. c. by Gladiator out of Marion by Tramp, Colonel Anson's.—At Doncaster, the Municipal Stakes of 1600 sovs.; and at Newmarket Second October, the Clearwell Stakes of 550 sovs.

Newcourt, b. c. by Sir Hercules out of Sylph by Spectre, Mr. Griffith's.-At Shrewsbury, 55 sovs.; and at Worcester, 115 sovs.

Nutwith, b. c. by Tomboy out of Hackfall's dam, Mr. Wrather's.-At Ripon, 70 sovs.; and at Richmond, 155 sovs.

Pensive, b. c. by Despot out of Blue-bell, Mr. Payne's.-At Chester, 50 sovs.

Peter the Hermit, ch. c. by Gladiator out of Anchorite's dam, Lord Chesterfield's.At Goodwood, divided 250 sovs. with Mr. Sadler's Decisive.

Pharaoh, br. c. by The Mummy out of Languid by Cain, Mr. Bristow's.-At Manchester, 140 sovs.; and at Warwick, 155 sovs.

Philip, ch. c. by Jereed, dam by Catton, Mr. G. Clark's.-At Liverpool July, 525 sovs. Pickpocket, br. c. by Camel out of Rebecca, Captain Colquitt's.—At Newmarket First October, the Hopeful Stakes of 340 sovs.

Pompey, b. c. by Emilius out of Variation, Lord Eglinton's.-At Liverpool Autumn, 130 sovs.; at Newmarket Second October, 100 sovs.; at the same Meeting, 100 sovs.; and at Newmarket Houghton, 100 sovs.

Portumnus, bl. c. by Mango out of Peggy, Mr. Greville's.-At Newmarket Second Spring, received 50 sovs.

Queen of the Gipsies, bl. f. by Camel, dam by Octavius, Mr. Ongley's.-At Epsom, 90 sovs.; at Hampton, 45 sovs.; at Chelmsford, 90 sovs.; at Stamford, 280 sove.; and at Newmarket Second October, 50 sovs.

Sands, ch. c. by Muley Moloch out of Sister to Golden-drop's dam, Mr. Bayston's.At Northallerton, 150 sovs.

Semiseria, br. f. by Voltaire out of Comedy, Mr. Jaques's.-At Catterick Bridge, 120 sovs.

Sir Abstrupus, br. c, by Liverpool out of Marsala, Captain Harcourt's,—At Stockton, 50 sovs.

VOL. XXV.-SECOND SERIES.-No. 152.

41

Testy, b. f. by Venison out of Temper, Mr. Sadler's.-At Newmarket First October, the Rutland Stakes of 240 sovs.

Trueboy, br. c. by Tomboy out of Muleteer's dam, Mr. D. Cook's.-At York August,

80 sovs.

Valetta, b. f. by Elis out of La Valiere, Mr. Bristow's.-At Hereford, 30 sovs.

Vitula, b. f. by Elis out of Kittums, Mr. Dixon's.-At Bath and Bristol, 120 sovs. Wee Pet, b. f. by Sheet Anchor out of Miss Letty, Mr. Powlett's.-At Newcastle, 130 sovs.; and at Stockton, 60 sovs.

Winesour, ch. c. by Velocipede out of Thirsk's dam, Mr. Bell's.-At Durham, 62 sovs.; at York Spring, 60 sovs.; and at Newcastle, 225 sovs.

KENNEL LAMENESS.

On the Cure of Disease-Causes of Kennel Lameness considered-Nature of Soil the most formidable—The Presence of Minerals injurious-Excavating the Soil of Lodging-Rooms and Yards does not embrace a sufficient Extent-Vapors prejudicial to Animal Life-Duke of Beaufort's Hounds-Washing after HuntingLetter from a Gentleman whose Hounds had been afflicted-Comments thereon -Extract from a Letter from Joe Maiden, the Cheshire Huntsman-Comments thereon-Observations on an Opinion which appeared in the Number for October last-Hereditary Character considered-Inconclusive Opinions of various Persons-Mr. Foljambe's Hounds-Sympathy for those suffering under the Disease.

THE first step towards the cure or alleviation of disease in either man or beast is to ascertain the cause, and, having done so, to endeavour to remove it. All attempts founded upon any other basis must be chimerical and uncertain. A series of experiments may elucidate a course by which specific complaints may be removed; but no treatment can rationally be expected to establish a permanent cure, or prevent the disease appearing in other subjects, unless the primitive cause be averted.

From the observations that I have been enabled to make, and the result of inquiries which I have established, I have no hesitation in asserting that various causes exist to produce the complaint in hounds commonly called "Kennel Lameness." Knowing the importance of the subject to all Sportsmen, especially to those who are immediately connected with the management of hounds, I will endeavour to point out all the causes as far as I have been able to discover them, and commence with that which appears the most formidable and uncontrollablethe nature of the soil on which the kennel is situated.

There are certain particles of moisture existing in the earth which are rendered fluid by an increase of temperature; and a still greater increase of heat converts them into vapor, the nature of which will depend upon the properties of the different bodies of which the earth is composed.

The more porous the nature of the soil upon which a kennel is built, especially if chalk or sandstone rock is found beneath, the more generally and to the greater extent does kennel lameness make its appearance. I think it may be reasonably accounted for from the circumstance that the humid particles contained in such soils are more

readily acted upon than in the more adhesive ones both by animal and atmospheric heat; and as these porous soils contain more or less of fixed air and saline substances, that such like bodies, forming certain combinations, and entering into the component parts of vapor, are the primary cause of the affection now under consideration. The presence of various minerals will, I have no doubt, tend to aggravate this disorder. In the October Number of 1839 are some remarks on this subject, in the park of Mr. P. Pryse of Goggerddan, in Cardiganshire, wherein it is mentioned that the huntsman attributed a vast deal to the water, assigning that lead ore had been dug out of the well. That water so impregnated might disorder the bowels and probably cause fits, is a very reasonable conjecture; and likewise the fact of the well containing lead ore was a proof that the earth in the vicinity was charged with it; and further, that its influence and impregnation of the vapors which arise would be supposed to have an injurious tendency, perhaps in that form inducing the disease; but I cannot imagine that partaking of the water would produce kennel lameness, providing it came from a distance, in buildings which are not placed on a scite in itself unhealthy.”

The innumerable remarks which have been made from time to time on this grievous disorder to the canine race have not as yet brought to light any remedy or mode of treatment that can be relied on to any extent even as a preventive, much more as a cure, so long as the animal is kept in situations which are infested with damp or otherwise noxious miasma, and which must be regarded as the first and most formidable source of the complaint.

Upon the principle that it is produced from the unhealthy exhalations which arise from the earth in and about the buildings, the inveteracy of the complaint will be regulated by the amount of unhealthy atmosphere with which the situation is supplied, taking into consideration that some hounds will be found more susceptible than others. That it proceeds solely from the damp exhalations which arise only from beneath the lodging-rooms and yards, is a theory which cannot be established. The experiment of excavating the space on which they are erected has on various occasions been made, but seldom with any marked success, and certainly with not sufficient to recommend the trial. The only case in which any benefit can be expected to follow is when the disease appears but in a trifling degree, and the excavated space is filled up with clay or some such solid substance. Brick ends, rubbish, ashes, and such like porous bodies cannot produce any benefit; indeed the more porous the floor, the greater the facility for evaporation, and the lower the temperature; and thus the aqueous vapors which exist in the earth will be the more readily acted upon by atmospheric causes, and the heat generated by hounds lying together. Many kinds of vapor are prejudicial to animal life, and a fair proportion of these produced by the principles of those substances with which the earth is impregnated. Even the adoption of impervious concretes, such as asphaltum and cements of various kinds, has been tried; and although in some cases the results have been such as to render the complaint rather less inveterate, they have not, as far as I can learn, been totally successful: therefore we may justly conclude that the disease is not created by the damp or noxious exhalations which exist immediately beneath the buildings, but that it is included in the surrounding atmosphere.

Having discovered cases which clearly prove that other causes as well as that of situation produce kennel lameness or rheumatism, it will be desirable to consider maturely whether it arises from any of those causes, or that which may be denominated the primitive one, and likewise the inveteracy of the latter, before any attempts are made to render an unhealthy scite salubrious by excavation and draining.

Some situations are known to produce ague and rheumatism in the human subject: building houses on beds of concrete or sheets of caoutchouc, would not avert those complaints: there can be no doubt that the atmosphere which surrounds such places where they prevail is charged with humid and unhealthy particles, and which cannot be restricted simply by arresting the ascent of such vapors as rise within a limited space.

The fogs and damps which are seen on certain situations, and confine their course to certain boundaries, not simply to hills, valleys, or plains of one regular degree of elevation, but which evidently proceed from some peculiar condition of the soil above which they are visible, point out how extensive the operation must be, if such a thing could be accomplished, as that of preventing their generating.

I do not mean to assert that all places where fogs are occasionally visible will invariably produce kennel lameness, or that many of those which appear generally clear and salubrious must of necessity be free simply on that account, because I know such a view would be erroneous, and that the mischief may originate in vapor which we cannot see: nevertheless, I would decidedly prefer a spot where fog and vapor are least apparent. A visit to His Grace the Duke of Beaufort's kennel at Badminton will clearly demonstrate the existence of lameness in the inmates, but in a modified degree: the utmost attention, which the great space of the lodging-rooms and yards facilitates, is evidently exerted to subdue the most virulent forms of the complaint. If buildings on the same scite were used, which were crowded and confined, I have but little doubt as to the result. I saw them during the Spring, a period when the complaint is not so manifest as when hounds are at work. The operation of washing the hounds on their return from hunting is practised in this establishment. I have always been of opinion, when horses or hounds return home completely plastered with mud and clay, that they will more speedily become dry, warm, and comfortable after an ablution, than if that ceremony be dispensed with; still I cannot acknowledge the propriety of wetting those parts which were previously dry. The instantaneous shock produced by a bath either of warm or cold water, when the blood of the animal is in an excited state, must have a very great effect upon the circulation. If cold water be employed, it must evidently be the means of determining the blood to the internal parts; if warm, the refrigerating effects of evaporation must be considerable. To wash the legs and feet to the extent of the already saturated portion of the limbs has always appeared to me the safest and best custom.

Having heard that the hounds belonging to a Gentleman whom I had frequently had the pleasure of meeting in the Sporting World were troubled with kennel lameness, and not having an opportunity of seeing them, I wrote to him on the subject, and was most kindly and courteously

favoured with a reply, fully detailing all the circumstances. I cannot therefore do better than copy his letter.

"MY DEAR SIR-On the subject that you ask me for my opinion, I assure you at present I have to form one. I will give you shortly a history of its appearance, the measures taken to get rid of it, and the present results.

"I kept hounds four seasons without any symptoms of lameness beyond those arising from accidents in the hunting season. During the four years, my hounds had the complaint that was prevalent in almost all kennels at the time-dumb madness-and I lost several couples from jaundice. These two diseases left, and since then, until this season, I have had to contend with the cause you speak of.

"The lodging-rooms at that time were small, very dry, and in one where the hounds after hunting were lodged, the boilers from being placed on the outside of the wall, and the flues so constructed, were the means of its being always well aired. I then fed on cold food every day excepting hunting days, when it was made warm, but not hot; and I did not then wash my hounds at all. One half my hounds were unfit to come out, and the consequence was I built a new kennel adjoining the old one, but on higher land, and had the lodging-rooms and yards bricked, and four inches of mortar laid under them. The rooms were lofty and well ventilated, and, notwithstanding the remonstrance of my huntsman, I lodged the hounds on beds large enough to hold twice the number, washed their legs and feet, and fed on cold food. At first the hounds got better, but when the season came on, the lameness again appeared, and so bad was it that I determined to give them up. I think it but right to mention that about once a fortnight the hounds slept out; and I remember one day last season drawing twenty couples to meet the following day. They were lodged in a new built barn, with plenty of straw, the barn having been built about five years, and appearing dry. The following day I had one hour and ten minutes, and killed after one of the best runs in the season. on. I had not a lame hound when I left home. I remained the week, and on the Friday was out again, when half the pack were so lame that they could not run a yard. I had all the straw removed, for there was much in the barn, and at the bottom found some as wet as dung that had been there some time. I certainly attributed the lameness then to the exhalation from this damp straw some of the hounds never got over it. I changed my huntsman in May last. I, at his suggestion, made one large room into three, and lessened the beds; so that when the hounds were turned up, they were covered completely. I kept my hounds warm, allowed them to be much less in the courts, now fed with cold except hunting-days, when the chill is taken off, and wash only when the hounds are wet. The result has been that in the same kennel at this time I have but one or two hounds which shew symptoms of lameness, and many that did are sound. I have another kennel at the farthest part of my country, send the hounds there for a fortnight at a time, and never lodge anywhere else.

"I am inclined to believe it rheumatism, and that hounds much in courts are more subject to it than those shut up. Harry Skinner, late Whip to Lord Segrave, Sir Thomas Boughey, and the late Mr. De Winton, considered it arose from the same cause.