KEENE.

trict is well irrigated, 274 m. S.W. Khelat; lat. 26° 24′ N., long. 620 28' E. Population unknown, but it is said to have once contained 3000 houses. It stands clustered around the base of a precipice, on which is a fortress; and was for merly a place of considerable trade, which having declined, the town has fallen into decay. (Pottinger's Beloochistan, p. 304.) KEENE, p. t, with Charlestown, the capital of Cheshire co., N. H., 80 m. W.N.W. Boston, 48 m. W.S.W. Concord, 424 W. Watered by Ashuelot r. It contains five churches (a Congregational, two Methodist, a Baptist, and a Universalist), 25 stores, one furnace, one fulling-mill, one woollen factory, two glass factories, three grist-mills, seven sawmills, one oil-mill, two tanneries; two academies, 261 students, 13 schools, 695 scholars. Pop. 2610. The village is beautifully situated on a plain, a little E. of Ashuelot river. The principal street is a mile long, of ample width, and ornamented with trees. It contains a courthouse, a jail, a bank, and a printing-office, issuing a weekly newspaper. A canal from Ashuelot river affords water power. It is regarded by travellers as one of the pleasantest villages in New England.

KEENE, p. t., Essex co., N. Y., 138 m. N. Albany, 513 W. It contains Mt. Marcy, the highest summit of the Adirondack mountains, 5467 feet above tide water in Hudson river. Drained by branches of Ausable r., which afford extensive water-power. It contains one store, one fulling-mill, one forge, three grist-mills, two saw-mills, one oil-mill, two tanneries; four schools, 185 scholars. Pop. 730.

KEENE, p. t., Coshocton co., O., 99 m. N.E. by E. Columbus, 344 W. It contains two churches, three stores, one grist mill, two saw-mills; one school, 56 scholars. Pop. 1043.

KEESVILLE, p. v., Ausable and Chesterfield ts., Clinton and Essex cos., N. Y. Situated on both sides of Ausable r., which divides the counties. The river affords extensive water-power. It contains four churches (a Congregational, Methodist, Baptist, and Roman Catholic), an academy, a bank, 12 stores, one woollen factory, two flouring-mills, four saw-mills, one forge, one rolling-mill, one extensive nail factory, producing 1000 tons annually, a printing-office, 250 dwellings, and about 1800 inhabitants. Its growth has been very rapid. Its trade in iron, nails, and lumber is very extensive.

KEHL, a town of Baden, circ. Middle Rhine, on the Rhine, immediately opposite Strasbourg, and 10 m. N.W. Offenburg. Population about 1000, or, with its immediate environs, nearly double that number. It was formerly a fortress, and was esteemed an important bulwark of Germany. It was fortified by Vauban in 1688, ceded by France to Baden in 1697, taken by the French in 1703, 1733, 1793, and 1796; by the Austrians, also, in the latter year; and retaken by the French in the succeeding. After the peace, its works were dismantled, Germersheim being fortified by the German Confederation in its stead. The town is connected by a bridge of boats with the opposite bank of the Rhine, near Strasbourg. Its inhabitants employ themselves chiefly in transit trade. (Berghaus; Schreiber; Dict. Géog.)

KEIGHLEY, or KIGHLEY, a market-town and parish of England, in the W. riding of co. York, wap. Staincliff and Ewcross, on an affluent of the Aire, 16 m. W.N.W. Leeds, and 178 m. N.N.W. London; area of parish, 10,160 acres. Pop., in 1831, 11,176, being an increase of 92 per cent. on that of 1811. The town is beautifully situated in a valley close to the range called the Blackstone Edge: and, though irregularly built, comprises many handsome stone houses: it is well paved, sufficiently supplied with water, and lighted with gas. A neat and commodious courthouse, and a spacions market-place, were erected in 1833, and more recently a Mechanics' Institute has been built on ground given by the Earl of Burlington, who has large possessions in and near the town. The church was built in 1805, on the site of one erected in the reign of Henry I., and is a large and handsome structure, with a lofty steeple, containing a fine peal of bells: the living is a rectory in the gift of the Duke of Devonshire. There are also places of worship for Independents, Baptists, Wesleyan new connexion, and Primitive Methodists, Swedenborgians, and the Society of Friends; and to all of these, as well as to the church, large Sunday schools are attached, furnishing religious instruction to about 1600 children of both sexes. A free grammar-school, founded and well endowed in 1713, a girls' national school, and an infant school. are the chief educational establishments; and a mechanics' institute, founded in 1825, and now in union with that at Leeds, has conferred many benefits on the working classes. The worsted manufacture, especially of coarse stuffs, merinos, and worsted yarns, is carried on to a considerable extent; and the produce is sold in the piecehalls of Halifax and Bradford: 38 worsted-mills gave, in 1838, employment to 2125 hands, and five cotton-mills to 198 hands; about 1800 looms are at work within the parish. The Leeds and Liverpool canal, which passes near the

KELSO.

town, affords a cheap conveyance for manufactures, &c., and establishes a communication with Hull on the one hand, and Liverpool on the other. A court of requests is held here for the recovery of debts under 408.; and under the Boundary Act Keighley is a polling-place for the W. riding. It is also the head of a union, comprising six parishes; the expense of maintaining the poor of this parish having amounted to £1538 in 1839. Markets, well supplied, on Wednesday: fairs, May 8th and 9th, and November 7th, 8th, and 9th.

Keighley is known in the history of the great civil war as having been the scene of an encounter, in 1645, between the king's troops, and a division of the parliamentary army, under Colonel Lambert. Its name is derived from an old fami ly called Keighley, one of whose members married a Lord Cavendish, from whoin the present Duke of Devonshire and the Earl of Burlington are descended. (Baines's Gazetteer of Yorkshire; Parl. Rep.)

KELLS, a town of Ireland, prov. Leinster, co. Meath, adjacent to the Blackwater, on the top and sides of a gentle hill, 35 m. N.W. Dublin, and 21 m. W. Drogheda. Population, in 1831, 4326, since which it has not increased. It consists of three principal and some smaller streets, and has some good houses; but, generally speaking, it is a poor, mean place, and is neither lighted nor watched. Here is a fine old church, contiguous to which is a pillar or round tower 99 feet in height. It has also a Roman Catholic chapel, a courthouse, market-house, bridewell, fever hospital, a national school, and a school supported by Lady Headfort. A lace manufactory is said, in the Municipal Boundary Report, to employ 100 hands; and there is also an extensive brewery.

This is a very old town; a synod having been held here in 1152, and a castle erected on the site of the present market-place in 1178. Here also was a monastery, some remains of which still exist, and are called St. Columb Kill's House, from the name of its reputed founder. In one of the streets is a fine stone cross. The borough returned two members to the Irish H. of C., but was disfranchised at the union. The magnificent seat of the Headfort family is in its vicinity. Postoffice revenue, în 1830, £678; in 1836, £715.

KEITH, a bor. of barony and market-town of Scotland, co. Banff, on both sides the Isla, a tributary of the Deveron, 414 m. N.W. Aberdeen. Pop., in 1801, inc. the par., 3284; in 1831, 4464. Keith is, properly speaking, composed of three towns, namely, Old Keith and New Keith, on the S. of the river, and Fife Keith, on the N., the whole lying in the centre of an amphitheatre of hills. The first, which is very old, is but of mean appearance and irregular shape; the second, begun to be erected in 1750, stands on a gentle eminence to the S.E. of the former, and consists of one principal street divided into several portions; the third, or Fife Keith, which had its origin in 1816, is connected with the two former towns by two bridges over the Isla. New Keith is the largest and best built of the three divisions in ques-tion, and in it most part of the public buildings are situated, such as the parish church, a Gothic building, with a tower 104 feet high, and a Roman Catholic chapel, after the plan of St. Maria de Vittoria at Rome. It has also an Episcopal chapel, and two meeting-houses, belonging to the Associate Synod. The means of education are very ample. There are four subscription libraries. A considerable number of persons are employed in weaving woollen and linen cloth for the Aberdeen manufacturers; and it has also about 35 "customer weavers" employed by private persons for articles of local consumption. There are three branch banks in the borough. In addition to weekly markets, Keith has four annual fairs, all of considerable importance: Summereve Fair, held in September, is by far the greatest fair in the north for cattle and horses.

A skirmish took place in 1745 at Old Keith, between the forces of the Pretender and those in the royal service, in which the former had the advantage, and carried off 150 prisoners. James Ferguson, the celebrated self-taught astronomer, was born in the vicinity of Keith: the only school he ever attended was one at Keith, and that for only three months. He died in 1776. His" Autobiography" is well known. (Beauties of Scot, vol. iv., § Banffshire; Chambers's Gaz.)

KELLY, t., Union co., Pa., 9 m. N. New Berlin. Drained by Buffalo creek and its branches. It has one store, one flouring-mill, one saw-mill; five schools, 200 scholars. Pop. 788.

KELLY, t., Ottowa co., O. It consists of Cunningham's island in lake Erie. Pop. 68.

KELSO, an inland market-town of Scotland, eo. Roxburgh, beautifully situated on the left bank of the Tweed, near the point where it is joined by the Teviot, 38 m. S.E. Edinburgh, and 204 m. S.W. Berwick upon-Tweed. Pop., in 1801, 3286; in 1831, 4200 of the town and parish at the latter date, 5114. The town, which is peculiarly neat and

KELSO.

handsome, consists of four principal and some smaller streets. The former meet in a square or market-place in the centre of the town, consisting of well-built houses, which, like those in other parts, are mostly of freestone and slated. On the E. side of this square is the townhouse, an edifice of two stories, with a pediment in front supported by four lonic columns, surmounted by a handsome balustrade, and dome springing from the centre of the roof. The old parish church being a "misshapen pile," a new or second parish church was built here in 1837 in the Elizabethan style, with a quadrangular tower 70 feet high. The bridge across the Tweed, from a plan of the late Mr. Rennie, is said to have been the prototype of Waterloo bridge over the Thames by the same architect. It has five elliptical arches: its total length is 494 feet; the breadth of the roadway is 25 feet; and the greatest height from the bed of the river, 42 feet. It was finished in 1803, at an expense of £18,000. In the immediate vicinity of the town, on the W., is Fleurs, the seat of the ducal family of Roxburgh, the feudal superiors of the borough; a mansion erected in 1718, but recently repaired and modernized, combining, as Sir W. Scott has observed, "the ideas of ancient baronial grandeur with those of modern taste." But the most prominent object in or around Kelso is its venerable abbey, founded in 1128 by David I. for Tyronensian monks, and endowed with immense possessions and privileges. Its form is that of a Latin cross, and it affords a fine specimen of the Saxon or early Norman style of architecture. It has long been in a state of dilapidation; but the Scotch reformers are guiltless of the demolition of this noble fabric: for, having been occupied as a place of security by the townspeople in 1545, it was then battered down by the English under the Earl of Hertford. The parts now remaining are the N. and S. aisles, each having two round towers, with two sides of the central tower, now only 91 feet high. The thickness of the lower walls is 54 feet. The pillars are clustered; the arches circular. Part of the ruin served as the parish church from 1649 till 1771, when it was deserted, from the idea of insecurity, for another place of worship. The Roxburgh family have of late laudably exerted themselves to repair and perpetuate this fine ruin. Kelso has been characterized by Scott, in his "Autobiography" (p. 39), as "the most beautiful, if not the most romantic, village in Scotland." "It presents objects," he says, "not only grand in themselves, but venerable from their associations." The best view of the town and environs is from the bridge.

In addition to the old and new parish churches previous ly noticed, there are five other places of worship in the town, belonging respectively to the Episcopalians, Cameronians, Original Seceders, Relief and Associate Synod.

There are 10 schools in the borough and parish, attended by about 700 scholars: so that about a seventh part of the people are, at the same time, being educated; and this without including Sunday schools, of which there are six. Kelso has six subscription libraries; the oldest, containing about 5000 volumes, having been instituted in 1750. The "Kelso Physical and Antiquarian Society" would do credit to a much larger town. There are two reading-rooms; two newspapers, one published weekly, the other twice a week. Kelso was the first provincial town in Scotland that introduced the printing-press. (Irving's Scot. Poets, i., 75.) The first edition of Scott's Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border was printed in Kelso by James Ballantyne, who afterward brought the typographical art to high perfection in Edinburgh, where he carried on the printing business in partnership with Scott.

A dispensary was founded here in 1777. Poor-rates were introduced in 1795; and yield, with other sources of income, a sum of about £1300 a year. About 40 children are educated at the expense of the parish.

KENDAL (KIRBY).

|stroyed; since which time it has remained in ruins, though partially repaired by the English, under Somerset, in 1547. Soon after the Reformation the lands and possessions of the abbey were conferred on the ancient family of Kerr, of Cessford, in the hands of whose descendants, the family of Roxburgh, they still remain. Kelso has repeatedly suffered from conflagrations, not in warlike times merely, but in pacific, as in 1686 and 1738. (Morton's Monastic Annals of Teviotdale; Haig's Hist. of Kelso; Tennant's Tour; New Stat. Acc. of Scotland; Roxburghshire, p. 298.) KELSO, p. t., Dearborn co., fa., 84 m. S.E. Indianapolis, 531 W. Pop. 1450.

KEMPER, county, Miss. Situated in the E. part of the state, and containing 750 sq. m. Drained by head branches of Sucarnochee river. It contained in 1840, 12,251 neat cattle, 1999 sheep, 20,814 swine; and produced 7885 bushels of wheat, 238,017 of Indian corn, 10,441 of oats, 22,997 of potatoes, 1646 pounds of tobacco, 3,926,565 of cotton. It had 18 stores, eight cotton factories, with 48 spindles, three flouring-mills, 13 grist-mills, 13 saw-mills; four academies, 133 students, 11 schools, 285 scholars. Pop.: whites, 4612; slaves, 3040; free coloured, 11; total, 7663. Capital, De Kalb. KEMPSVILLE, p. v., Princess Ann co., Va., 10 m. S.E. by E. Norfolk, 116 m. S.E. by E. Richmond, 240 W. Situated at the head of tidewater on the E. branch of Elizabeth river. It contains a Baptist church, several stores, 30 dwellings, and about 200 inhabitants.

KEMPTEN (an. Campodunum), a town of Bavaria, circ. Swabia and Neuberg, cap. distr. of same name, on the Iller 50 m. S.S.W. Augsburg. Pop. about 6000. It consists of two parts, an old town surrounded with walls nearly encircled by the new town. The former is the commercial portion of Kempten; the latter, seated on higher ground, comprises the abbey, where was formerly held the court of the abbot of Kempten, an ecclesiastic possessing, besides the town, an independent territory of 340 sq. m., ceded to Bavaria in 1802. Kempten has a fine collegiate church, aqueduct, and theatre, a hospital, foundling asylum, public library, &c.; and is the seat of the council for the circle, courts of law for the circle and town, a board of tolls, a gymnasium, and high-school. It has manufactures of linen and cotton fabrics, and a brisk trade in these goods, and in wool, cattle, and Italian produce. The Iller becomes nayigable near Kempten. Adjacent to the town is the eminence of Hilarmont, on which are the ruins of a fortress supposed to be Roman, and where various Roman coins have been found. (Stein; Berghaus, &c.)

KENANSVILLE, capital of Duplin co., N.C. Situated on the S. side of a branch of N.E. Cape Fear river. It contains a courthouse, jail, and several stores and dwellings. Nett proceeds of the postoffice, $112.

KENDAL (KIRBY), a market town. parl. bor. and par. of England, co. Westmoreland, ward of same name, 40 m. S. Carlisle, and 219 m. N.N.W. London. Pop. of parl. bor. (which comprises the townships of Kendal, Kirkland, and Nethergraveship), in 1831, 11,577. The town, on the side of a hill, at the bottom of which the river Kent (crossed here by three bridges), runs nearly N. and S., consists principally of one long street on the line of the Carlisle road, and a lateral street leading down to the river on the Appleby road. The houses are well built of stone, and being whitened, and roofed with blue slates, have a remarkably clean and neat appearance. The town-hall is an elegant building, and the market for butchers' meat is neat and commodious. At the N.W. end of the town is a large and well arranged workhouse, and near it is a house of correction. The other principal buildings are a handsome hall, belonging to the society of "odd fellows," the assembly and news rooms, theatre, and several extensive factories. The church near the S. entrance of the town, is a large Gothic the gift of Trinity College, Cambridge. There are two other episcopal places of worship, and 10 belonging to different denominations of dissenters. Among the educational establishments, are a well endowed grammar-school, with university exhibitions, a blue-coat charity, a green-coat school, a large national school, supported both by endowment and subscription, a school of industry, an infant school, and several Sunday schools. There is also a thriving mechanics' institute. The charitable institutions comprise a hospital for old unmarried women, endowed with £100 a year, a dispensary, and a lying-in charity; and the corporation have the trust of charitable funds to a considerable

amount.

coarser kinds of kerseymere, and carpets. There are 12 woollen-mills, which employed, in 1838, 342 hands; and about 3000 persons are employed in weaving, and otherwise

KENT.

manufacturing establishments, the following summary of the villages on it is here given, from information received in 1843. Pawtuzet, near its mouth, has one cotton factory with 1500 spindles, with a head and fall in the river of 4 ft. It has two churches and six stores. Clarksville has one cotton factory and bleaching works. The river has 6 ft. hend and fall. It has one store, and about 450 inhabitants. Natick has six cotton factories with 30,000 spindles, and the river has 20 ft. head and fall. It has one Union church, six stores, and 1600 inhabitants. Greenville, at the forks of the river, has two cotton factories with 6000 spindles, with a head and fall in the river of 15 ft. It has three stores and 400 inhabitants. On the S. branch of Pawtuxet river, Taft's Mills has one cotton factory with 4000 spindles, printing works, and a head and fall in the river of 9 ft. It has one Baptist church and two stores. Centreville has one woollen factory, three cotton factories with 6000 spindles, 15 ft. head and fall in the river, a Methodist church, two stores, and 350 inhabitants. Compton Mills has four cotton factories with 12,000 spindles, printing and bleaching works, and 15 ft. head and fall in the river. It has a Baptist church, six stores, and 1600 inhabitants. Washington has four cotton factories with 8000 spindles, and 16 ft. head and fall. It has one Union church, five stores, and 600 inhabitants. On the N. branch of the river, Lippit village has one cotton factory with 5000 spindles, bleaching works, and 15 ft. head and fall in the river. Phaniz has two cotton factories with 6000 spindles, and 15 ft. head and fall in the river. It has one church, four stores, and 400 inhabitants. Harrisville has one cotton factory with 3000 spindles, with 12 ft. head and fall in the river, and 300 inhabitants. Arkwright has two cotton factories with 6000 spindles, with 15 ft. head and fall in the river. It has a Baptist church, two stores, and 500 inhabiFiskville has one cotton factory with 2000 spindles, a head and fall of 12 ft. in the river, and 200 inhabitants. Jacksonville has one cotton factory with 3000 spindles, 12 ft. head and fall in the river, one store, and 300 inhabitants. Hope Mills has one cotton factory with 3000 spindles, one store, and 300 inhabitants. Scituate Mills has two cotton factories with 5000 spindles, 15 ft. head and fall in the river, and 400 inhabitants. Such are the manufacturing villages and establishments on the single river Pawtuxet, of moderate extent, and its two main branches. A similar view is given of the villages and establishments on Blackstone river, under the article CUMBERLAND (which see). Together, they will give something of a picture of Rhode Island, which had the honour of cominencing the cotton manufacture in the United States, and which, in proportion to its population, is still in advance of all the other states in prosecuting it. The above establishments are in Warwick and Coventry, Kent county, and Cranston and Scituate, in Providence county. For the purpose for which they are introduced, it is better to give them in connexion, than to distribute them to the several towns.

tants.

KENT, Co., Del. Situated in the centre of the state, and contains 640 sq. m. Bounded E. by Delaware bay. Drained by Jones, Little Duck, and Motherkill creeks. It contained in 1840, 17,477 neat cattle, 13,780 sheep, 27,080 swine; and produced 85,342 bushels of wheat, 21,745 of rye, 626,835 of Indian corn, 3680 of buckwheat, 294,231 of oats, 68,375 of potatoes. It had 66 stores, nine lumberyards, one fulling-mill, one woollen factory, 20 grist-mills, 16 saw-mills, four tanneries, one printing-office, one periodical; two academies, 65 students; 46 schools, 2997 scholars. Pop.: whites, 13,618; slaves, 427; free coloured, 5827; total, 19,872. Capital, Dover.

KENT, Co., Md. Situated towards the N.E. part of the state, and contains 240 sq. m. Bounded W. by Chesapeake bay. Watered by Chester river. It contained in 1840, 8498 neat cattle, 9109 sheep, 14,921 swine; and produced 133,147 bushels of wheat, 3250 of rye, 502,439 of Indian corn, 1118 of buckwheat, 277,393 of oats, 33,563 of potatoes. It had 270 stores, one fulling mill, one woollen factory, seven flouring-mills, 13 grist-mills, five saw-mills; three colleges, 80 students; one academy, 18 students; 14 schools, 474 scholars. Pop.: whites, 5616; slaves, 2735; free coloured, 2491; total, 10,842. Capital, Chester.

KENT, CO., Mich. Situated in the W. part of the state, and contains 576 sq. m.. Watered by Grand river and its tributaries, which afford good water-power. Limestone, salt springs, and gypsum are found. It contained in 1840, 1271 neat cattle, 222 sheep, 2460 swine; and produced 18,750 bushels of wheat, 13,320 of Indian corn, 17,320 of oats, 16,700 of potatoes, 5080 pounds of sugar. It had two commission houses in foreign trade, 12 retail stores, one furnace, two flouring-mills, one grist-mill, 18 saw-mills, one tannery, one printing-office, one weekly newspaper; nine schools, 303 scholars. Pop. 2587. Capital, Kent, or Grand Rapids.

KENT, p. t., Litchfield co., Ct., 51 m. W. Hartford, 323 W. Watered by Housatonic river, which affords water

KENTUCKY.

power. It contains an extensive bed of iron ore. Incorporated in 1739. It contains three churches, a Congregational, Methodist, and an Episcopal; six stores, three furnaces, two forges, three grist-mills, four saw-mills, one tannery, two distilleries; 12 schools, 475 scholars. Pop. 1759. KENT, p. t, Putnam co., N. Y., 99 m. S. Albany, 292 W. Drained by Croton river. It contains six stores, two fulling-mills, one woollen factory, one flouring-mill, five gristmills, four saw-mills; 10 schools, 480 scholars. Pop. 1830. KENTON, co., Ky. Situated in the N. part of the state, and contains 150 sq. m. Bounded N. by Óhío river, E. by Licking river. It contained in 1840, 4529 neat cattle, 7523 sheep, 13,774 swine; and produced 53,978 bushels of wheat, 4738 of rye, 294,653 of Indian corn, 28,989 of oats, 10,823 of potatoes, 601,774 pounds of tobacco, 5589 of sugar. It had 33 stores, two lumber-yards, one furnace, one forge, one cotton factory with 2332 spindles, two flouring-mills, 14 grist-mills, four saw-mills, two tanneries, two printing-offices, two weekly newspapers; 15 schools, 354 scholars. Pop.: whites, 7031; slaves, 751, free coloured 34; total, 7816. Capital, Independence.

KENTON, p. t., cap. of Hardin co., O., 71 m. N.W. Columbus, 442 W. Drained by a head branch of Blanchard's fork of Auglaize river. Bounded S.W. by Scioto river, on the N. side of which the village is situated. It contains six churches, a Lutheran, Methodist, Seceders, Associate Reformed, and Disciples; four stores; three schools, 109 scholars; 75 dwellings, and about 400 inhabitants.

KENTUCKY, one of the western United States, is bounded N. by Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, from which it is separated by Ohio river; on the E. by Virginia; S. by Tennessee; and W. by Missouri, from which it is separated by Mississippi river. It is between 360 30 and 390 10' N. lat., and between 820 and 89° 30′ W. long., and between 50 and 100 W. long. from W. Its greatest length is about 400 m., and its breadth varies from 5 to 170 m., containing 40,500 sq. m., or 25,920,000 acres. The population in 1790 was 73,677; in 1800, 220,959; in 1810, 406,511; in 1820, 564,317; in 1830, 688,844; in 1840, 779,828; of whom 182,258 were slaves. Of the free population, 305,323 were white males; 284,930 do. females; 3761 were coloured males, 3556 do. fe males. Employed in agriculture, 197,738; in commerce, 3448; in manufactures and trades, 23,217; in navigating the ocean, 44; do. canals, rivers, and lakes, 968; in mining, 331; in the learned professions, 2487.

There are 90 counties in this state, which, with their population in 1840, were as follows: