ALDERMAN-ALE. ALDERMAN, awl'dur-man, s. (Sax.) An incorporated civil magistrate, equivalent to bailie in Scotland. Alderman, or Ealdorman, appears to have been a title of various offices of Saxon and British polity. It formed the second of rank of Saxon nobility, (athling being the first, and thane the lowest,) and was synonymous with our earl or count, though not always hereditary. The alderman of the county, whom confusedly they call an earl, was in parallel equal with the bishop, and therefore both their estimations valued alike in the laws of Ethelstane, at eight hundred thymses. - Spelman. The coin here alluded to was, according to the satne authority, in value about 3s. sterling. ALDERMANITY, awl-dur-man'e-te, 8. The belaviour of an alderman. Thou (London) canst draw forth thy forces, and fight dry The battles of thy aldermanity. Without the hazard of a drop of blood, More than the surfeits in thee that day stood. - Underwood. ALDERMANLIKE, awl'dur-man-like, a. In the manner of an alderman. ALDERMANLY, awl'dur-man-le, ad. Like an alderman; belonging to an alderinan. ALDERMANSHIP, awl'der-man-ship, s. The office and dignity of an alderman. He was dy charged of his aldermanship, and dyscharged from all rule and counceyll of the citie.-Fabian, ALDERN, awl'durn, a. Made of alder. The aldern boats first plowed the ocean.-. -May's Virgil. ALDINE, al'dine, s. An epithet applied to editions of the classics from the family of Aldus Mountius, the first of whom established his press at Venice about 1500. ALE, ale, s. (eale, Sax. from alod, third person singular indicative of alam, to kindle, to inflaine; applied to strong beer from its heating quality.) A fermented liquor, made by infusing malt and hops in water. The name als was given formerly to certain festivals; as bridal-ales, Whitsun-ales, ¦ lamb-ales, &c.; but the church-ales and clerkales, sometimes called the lesser church-ales, were among those authorized sports which, at the period. of the Reformation, produced great contention between Archbishop Laud and the puritans. | Their ale-berries, caudles, possits.--Beaumont. Ale-brewer, one whose profession is to brew ale Ale-fed, fed with ale. Ale-hoof, the Glechoma or i ground ivy, a plant sometimes used in making beer. Ale-house, a public-house in which ale is sold. Ale-knight, a pot companion.-Obsolete. Ale-gill, a kind of medical liquor prepared from an infusion of ground ivy. Ale-pole, same as Alestake. For the ale-pole doth but signifye that there is good ale in the house where the ale-pole standeth, and wyll tell him that he muste go near the house, and there he shall find the drink, and not stand sucking the ale-pole in vain. A Boke made by John Fryth. Ale-toster, an officer who in former times was a pointed in every court-leet, and sworn to look the assize and the goodness of the bread and ale beer, within the precincts of the lordship.-Con Al-rat, the vat in which ale is fermented. washed, steeped or soaked in ale.-Obsolete. Among foaming bottles and ale-rashed wits.—Shaks. Ale-wife, a woman who keeps an ale-house. Ichythology, a fish of the herring kind, a native ‹ America-the Clupea Serrata of zoologists. ALEA, ale-a, s. (Latin.) A game of chance amon the Romans; particularly, a game played like back gammon with dice. ALE-CONNER, ale kon-nur, s. An officer in forme times whose duty it was to inspect the measure: of public-houses in the city of London. Head-boroughs, tithing-men, and ole-conners, and sides men, are appointed, in the oaths incident to their offices to be likewise charged to present the offences of drunk. cnness.--Act of Pul. 21 Jac. I. chap. 7. ALECTO, a-lek'to, s. («, priv. and go, I rest, Gr.) In Mythology, one of the furies, described by Virgil as having her hair and her dark wings covered with wreathing snakes, whose poison she infuses into her victims, till she infests them with ungovernable rage. From Cocytus, a river of hell, she is called Cocytia Virgo. ALECTORIA, a-lek-to're-a, s. (alektor, a cock, Gr.) Cockstone, a stone to which great virtues were ascribed by the ancients, said to be found in the gall-bladder of the cock. In Botany, a genus of Lichens, occurring in long tufts. ALECTORID.F, a-lek to-re-de, s. (alektor, a cock, and los, like, Gr.) The Alectors, a family of large American gallinaceous birds, without spurs, and destitute of the rich colouring of the Asiatic and European races: Order, Cracidae. ALECTOROMACHY, a-lek-to-rom'a-ke, s. (alektor, a cock, and mache, a fight, Gr.) Cockfighting. ALECTOROLOPHUS, al-lek-to-rol'o-fus, s. (alektor, a cock, and lophos, a crest or cockscomb, Gr.) The plant Cockscomb, or Yellow-rattle, a species of the Linnæan genus Rhinanthus: Order, Scrophula riacea. ALECTOROMANCY, a-lek-to-rom ́an-se, s. (alektor, a cock, and manteia, divination, Gr.) An ancient mode of divination by means of a cock.. ALEE, a-lee', ad. (at and lee-see Lee.) In Nautical linguage, opposite to the wind, that is, opposite to the side on which it strikes. The helm of a ship is said to be alee when pressed close to the lee side. Helm alee, or luff alee, an order to put the helm to the lee side. Helm's alee, that is, the helm is alee; a notice given as an order to cause the head sails to shake in the wind, with a view to bring the ship about. ALEGAR, ale gar, s. (ale, and aigre, sour, Fr.) Vinegar made from sour ale. ALEGGE, a-ledj', v. n. To allay; to lessen; to assuage.-Obsolete. ALEMBIC, a-lem'bik, s. (al, and ambixon, a chemical vessel, Gr.) A still used in chemical operations. ALEMBROTH, a-lem'broth, s. The philosopher's Lins, d'e-pis, &. (a, priv. and lepis, a scale, Gr.) A mos of fishes, with broad bodies and small mas: sees, except on the hinder part of the dealize adjoining the caudal fin. Aurces, a-lep-e-saw'rus, &. (a, priv. lepis, a me el menu, a saurian, Gr.) A genus of * L-bodied, abdominal Malacopterygious ors Family, Scomberide. ALEXEPHALUS, a-lep-o-sef a-lus, s. (a, priv. lepis, 1 and bephale, the head, Gr.) A genus of Mdcopterygious fishes, having the body with large scales, but having none on the trad: Family, Essoces or Flying-fish. LIPTICH, al-e-pi ́rum, &. (aleios, poor, and pyros, Gr.) A genus of plants, natives of the South Misirds and New Holland; they are of no we: Order, Desvanxiaceæ. LIK. vert', a (alerte, Fr.) In a Military sense, 3rd; watchful; vigilant; ready at a call. Is the cammon sense, brisk, pert, petulant, smart. ALTERIS, a-le-thop'ter-is, s. A genus of pats, of which there have been found 13 -11 from the Paleozoic, and 2 from the Kestane strata of Britain. ALETES 3-le tris, 8. (Greek, a miller's wife, in allusion to the powdery dust with which the whole plant to be covered.) A genus of North AmeTants: Order, Hemerocallidaceæ. ALMA, a-in-ris'ma, s. (aleuron, flour, Gr.) As of Fungi: Tribe, Ascomycetes. TIT, al-u-ri'tes, s. (aleuron, flour, Gr.) A of plants, which have the appearance of being to ever with flour. A. triloba furnishes the de nuts of the South Sea Islanders, which yed them food, and, when strung together, a kind 4th: Order, Euphorbiacea. ALFRODENDRON, al-u-ro-den'dron, s. (aleuron, bar, und dendron, a tree, Gr.) A genus of plants: Order, Byttueriaces. ALIUTIAN, a-lu'shan, a, (aleut, a bold projecting d) An epithet applied to a chain of islands, ading from the promontory of Alaschka in Math America, to Kamstchatka in Asiatic Russia. ALEXANDRA, al-legz-an'dra, s. A genus of plants: Orr, Chenopodiaces. ALIANDERS, al-legz-an'durz, s. (supposed to be a acoption of olusatrum, a black pot-herb.) Smyrtam, a genus of umbelliferous plants, two species fwach, S. olusatrum and perfolium, are or may be cultivated as asparaginous and salad plants.See Smyrnium. ALEIANDRIAN, al-legz-an'dre-an, a. Pertaining to city of Alexandria in Egypt, as, the Alexan School, an academy instituted by Ptolemy, son of Lagus, and supported by his successors; is also the famous Alexandrian Library, destroyed ALEXANDRINA-ALGÆ. by the Ottomans. It is said to have contained 700,000 volumes. Alexandrian manuscript, a very ancient Greek copy of the Old and New Testaments, with the Apocrypha, in 4 vols. 4to, preserved in the British Museum. ALEXANDRINA, al-egz-an-dri'na, s. A genus of Leguminous plants: Suborder, Papilionaces. ALEXANDRINE, al-legz-an'drin, s. A species of poetical measure, composed of twelve syllables; so named, from its having been first used in a French poem, called the Alexandriad ;—a. relating to the verse so called. A needless Alexandrine ends the song, That, like a wounded snake, drags its slow length along. Pope. ALEXEPHARMIC, a-lek-se-făr ́mik, a. (alexo, ALEXEPHARMICAL, a-lek-se-far'me-kal, I repel, and pharmakon, poison, Gr.) That which possesses an antidote, or has the quality of expelling poison. ALEXEPHARMICS, a-lek-se-făr ́miks, s. to poisons. Antidotes ALEXETERIC, a-lek-se-ter'ik, a. (alexo, Gr.) ALEXETERICAL, a-lek-se-ter'e-kal, Having a tendency to drive away poison or fever. Alexeterics, are medicines which tend to resist the effects of poison, or the bite of venomous animals. ALEXIPYRETIC, a-lek-se-pi-ret ́ik, 8. (alexo, I repel, pyr, a fever, Gr.) A fever medicine;-a. operating as a remedy against fever. ALEYRODES, a-la'ro-des, s. (aleuron, flour, Gr.) A genus of Hemipterous insects: Family, Aphidæ. The Saxon name for a cauldron ALFET, al-fet', s. full of boiling water, wherein an accused person plunged his arm up to the elbow, by way of trial or purgation. This custom was a species of ordeal to show his guilt or innocence.-Ducange. ALGA, al'ga, s. (Latin.) A sea-weed. Oceanus was garlanded with sea alga or sea grass, and in his hand a trident.-Ben Jonson. worms. With alga who the sacred altar strews.-Dryden. ALGÆ, al ́je, s. (alga, a sea-weed, from algor, cold, or more probably from alligo, I bind, Lat.) An order of plants belonging to the second class Aphylea, of the second grand division of the vegetable kingdom, the Cellulares. The plants are wholly composed of cellular tissue, ascending from the simplest form known in vegetation to a very compound state. The lowest are filiform and leafless, with their fructification immersed; the highest are leafy, with a fructification included in an indehiscent, wart-like pericarpium. Some copulate like animals; others have a spontaneous emotion, like Their colour is lively; in the lowest grades, green; in the highest, red or purple. They grow at the bottom of the sea, or in fresh water; some are articulated, and others are fibrous. the arrangement of Lindley, in his Vegetable Kingdom, the Algae are thus classed by their orders: -1. Diatomaceæ, which are crystaline fragmentary bodies, brittle, and multiplied by spontaneous separation. 2. Confervaceæ, filamentary, or mem braneous bodies, multiplied by zoopores, generated in the interior at the expense of their green matter. 3. Fucaceæ, cellular or tubular unsymmetrical plants, multiplied by simple spores formed externally. 4. Ceraminæ, cellular or tubular unsymmetrical plants, multiplied by tetraspores. 5. Characeæ, symmetrically branched plants, multiplied by spiral nucules filled with starch. In ALGATES-ALGOUS ALGATES, al gayts, ad. (algeats, always, oll an 1 geot, a way, Sax.) On any terms; every way. A tern. still in use in the north of Englud. Aggate is its synonym in the Scottish dialect. ALGAZEL. See Gazelle. ALGEABARI, al-je-a baʼre-i, s. In Mohanine dar. Theology, a sect of Predestinarians, who attribute all actions to the agency and intlucace of God. They are opposed to the Alkandarii. ArGrura, al je-bra, s. (al and pabaron, the rebietion of a whole to a part. Arab.` A branch of mathematics in which symbols are used instead of figures; a species of calculation which takes the quantity sought, whether it be a number or a live, or any other quantity, as it it were grante 1, ani. by means of one or more quantities giver, price by consequence, till the que tity at first chly posed to be known, or at least sopa power is found to be equal to some quantity which are known, and corse or quantity, or number, is de tern ined. is said to be of Ale engin ALGEBRAIC, al soli, k, ALGEBRAICAL, algebrais R ALGUAZIL-ALIEN. ALGUAZIL, al-ga-zeel', s. A Spanish crini cincer or constable. ALI AG1, al-haje, s. All ul or Alzul, the Arabic n M. Man rum,) Man, agus of plants. is this plant that man is found in Mesc tanie, and other places in Asia and Africa. cxudes from the leaves and branches of the sh in Lt weather. At first it resembles drops ry, let thi hens into sold grains ab the sire of oriander seed. It is believed by A Em writers to be a Super tural production. this e a try is collected from the flow 1 has nothing to do with Moor's Alhagi, He row a slid. ALHENNA, l-len'na. s. The Arabic name of t plant Laws nia alot, with the powdered leaves which the women of Egypt dye their nails yello is regarded as an ornament. The colo fr turen ortar weeks. AGORAM, aliota, s AFGORISM, Algom, nitude in the constellation Cory.s the Aral name of the tree ki ned, wit prolix af, the. In In ish, the tree is ca. of t Carob tree, or St. John's Brod. A GOROT, algo roh, s. Are. Le s of antimony, obtained is a w te pin the chloride of wer try to water. Atcost, al-zise, a. Extreme'ye :. ArGors, al gus, a, ceļgi, a sea-mee', Lat. taining to sea weels, P : a stroker. In the church of wealth of who are not ens born in vn of EngSrs of resilint faseriting an is palament: 1 either to acAll den born gry Mathers, by s were naturaltar-born suwad... un'ess it the birth of the ta excy. But ALIENABLE—ALIENE. as god-children must be Protestants, and within the realm, to claim the privilege i antics from the alien duty; and the claim estate or interest must be made within five The issue of an English woman by an 19 hơm shread, is an alien. An alien cannot islands for his own use; an alien female at be endowed with lands, although she beLe the wife of a natural-born subject; nor can a deses, the wife of a naturalized Jew. But an The law was very gentle in the construction of the disability of alienism.-Kent. Obsolete. Lin may acquire any kind of personal property; ALIFE, a-life', ad. A vulgarism for on my life.— erkeren born in Great Britain are generally to beh natural-born subjects; he may bring or Any action or process at law for the proof it, and may dispose of such property by , vi, or otherwise. Aliens also may take es of lands, and estates in trust; but these I love a ballad in print alife; for then we are sure they are true.-Shaks. rea of aliens must be understood as of alien tony; then enemies having no rights at all, privileges, but by the king's especial favour. Anisa may, by letters patent, ex donatione regis, e made an English subject, and is then called a de, being in a middle state between a natu- subject and an alien. He may now purme ands, or possess them by devise, but cannot et them, although his heirs may inherit from in, the parent of the denizen being held to e had no inheritable blood, which the denizen passes after becoming so. Alien duty, a tax gods imported by aliens, beyond the duty arted on the like goods by citizens; a discrimig duty on the tonnage of ships belonging to Ler to any extra duties imposed by laws or vrts Alien waters, any stream of water carried ame an irrigated field or meadow, but which is employed in the process of irrigation ;-v. a. sheer, Fr. alieno, Lat.) to transfer property tm one to another; to estrange; to turn the and and affections from; to make averse. ALIENABLE, ale 'ven-a-bl, a. Transferable; applied perty which may be alienated. ALITATE, ale'yen-ate, v. a. To transfer the proty of one to another; to estrange; to withdraw te beart or affections from;-a. withdrawn from; danger to; Wholly alienate from truth.-Swift. - a stranger; an alien.-Not used. exteth the lamb without this house, he is an -Stapleton, Fortresse of the Faith. ALEVATED, ale'yen-ate-ed, a. ́Estranged; having the affections withdrawn. His eyes surveyed the dark idolatries ALIENATION, ale-yen-a'shun, s. (alienatio, Lat.) ated; change of affection; disorder of the faalties; delirium; insanity. In Scottish Law, the rference of heritable property. Alienation an office in Britain, to which all writs of Genant and entry, on which fines are levied and series suffered, are carried to have fines for Letation set and paid thereon. ALIENATOR, ale'yen-ay-tur, s. Property, or alienates anything. AESE, ale'yene, . T. to another; to sell; One who transfers To transfer property from ald he aliens the estate even with the consent of Gerd-Barkstone. ALIFEROUS, ay-lifer-us, a. (ala, a wing, and fero, The next day following with his lamp bright, And as for speaken over this, In this part of the air it is, That men full oft sene by night The fire in sundrie form alight.-Gower. ALIGN, a-line', v. a. (French.) To adjust a line; to lay out or regulate by a line.-Webster. ALIGNMENT, a-line'ment, s. (French.) A laying out, or regulating by a line; an adjusting to a line.-Webster. In Navigation, a supposed line drawn in order to preserve a fleet, or part thereof, in its just and true direction. ALIKE, a-like', ad. With resemblance; equally; in the same manner. The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power, The paths of glory lead but to the grave.-Gray. Alike-minded, having the same mind; a. similar; having resemblance. The darkness and the light are both alike to thee.Ps. xiii. ALIMA, a-li'ma, s. (alimos, marine, Gr.) A genus of Crustaceans, belonging to the family Unipeltata, of the order Stomapoda. ALIMENT, al'le-ment, s. (alimentum, Lat.) Nourishment; nutriment; food; the allowance given by a friendly society to a member for support, when unable to follow his ordinary occupation;v. a. to maintain. In Scottish Law, parents and children are reciprocally bound to aliment each other. In like manner, life-reiters are bound to aliment the heirs, and fiars, and creditors, of their imprisoned debtors when they are unable to support themselves; as, also, the members of a friendly society to support members who are unable to labour. ALIMENTAL, al-le-men'tal, a. Nutritive; nourishing. In the man ALIMENTALLY, al-le-men ́tal-le, ad. ner of nourishment. ALIMENTARINESS, al-le-men ́ta-re-nes, s. quality of being alimentary. The 8 -.a. to estrange; to make averse or indifferent; ALIMENTARY, al-le-men ́ta-re, s. That which be ALIMENTATION—ALISMACE.E. longs or relates to nourishment; having the power to afford nourishment. Alimentary canal, that part of the intestines through which the food passes, and from which its nutritive portions are conveyed to the blood by the absorbents. Almentary law, a law among the Romans, by which parents were bound to support their children. ALIMENTATION, al-le-men ta-shun, s. The power of affording nourish.nent; the quality of nourishing; the state of being nourished by the assimilation of the food taken. ALIMENTATIVENESS, al-le-men'ta-tiv-nes, 8. A word invented by phrenologists to express the organ which communicates the pleasure which arises from eating and drinking, supposed to have a low place in the cranial region, and to develop itself laterally in the front of the ears. ALIMONIOUS, al-le-mo'ne-us, a. Nourishing; affording food.-Seldom used. Digesting the alimonious humours into flesh.Harvey on Consumption. ALIMONY, al-le-mun’ne, 8. (alimonia, Lat.) The legal proportion of a husband's estate, which, by sentence of the ecclesiastical court, is allowed to the wife for her maintenance on account of separation. ALIOTH, al'le-oth, s. (Arabic.) A star of the third magnitude, in the tail of the constellation Ursa Major, or Great Bear. ALIPED, ale-ped, a. (ala, a wing, and pes, foot, Lat.) Wing-footed; swift of foot ;—s. an animal whose toes are connected by a membrane, and which serve for wings, as in the Cheiroptera, or Bats. ALIQUANT, alle-kwant, a. (aliquantus, Lat.) A proportion of a number, which, however repeated, will never make up that number exactly, as 3 is an aliquant part of 10, 3 times 3 being 9, 1 is wanting. ALIQUOT, alie-kwot, a. Latin.) Any portion of a given number, which, being multiplied, will amount to that number exactly, as 4, being multiplied by 3, makes 12, is an aliquot part. ALISH, a'lish, a. Resembling or partaking of the nature of ale. ALITE-ALKALIMETER. ALITE, alit, ad. A little.-Obsolete. Whan I knowe all howe it is. I woll but forthren hem a de-Gower. ALITRUNK, alle-trungk, s. (ala, a wing, Lat. ar trunk.) The hinder segment of the thorax body of an insect, to which the legs are attached. ALITURE, alle-ture, s. (alitura, Lat.) Nourish ment. ALIVE, a-live, a. (formerly on lire, as, for proude woman is there note on live.—Chaucer.) In state of life; not dead; undestroyed; unextin guished; active; in full force; cheerful, sprightly full of alacrity. ALIZARINE, alle-za-rene, s. (ali-zari, Turk.) A ALKALHEST, alkal-hest, s. A word first used by ALISMA, al-lis'ma, s. The water plantain, a genus Arrow -| grasses are known by their imperfect floral envelopes, and straight embryo having a lateral slit for the emission of the plumule. ALKALIGENOUS, al-ka-lij'e-nus, a. (alkali, and gennoa, I engender, Gr.) That which has the power of producing an alkali; applied to nitrogen when it was supposed to form the base of all the alkalies. ALKALIMETER, al-ka-lim'e-tur, s. (alkali, and metron, Gr. a measure.) An instrament for ascer taining the quantity of alkali contained in the soda or potash of commerce, or for determining the quantity of sulphuric acid necessary to saturate either. |