If partially affia'd or leagued in office.-Shaks, ATEITY, d-fr ́e-te, & (affinité, Fr. from affinis, Existenship by marriage; opposed to conyor relation by birth; relation to; conwith; resemblance to. In Zoology and tay, the relation of one animal to another. In Cantry, the power by which the atoms of diffr betances are attracted to each other in the production of chemical compounds; electric action. In Botany, the relation which natural wn bear to each other, as regards structure, ex

or internal, of the plants they embrace. Arrax, af-ferm', r. n. (affirmo, Lat.) To declare My; to aver; to maintain as true; to tell tys. a to declare positively; to ratify

MPINABLE, af-ferm'a-bl, a. AFTIMABLY, af-ferm'a-ble, ad. dirmation

That may be af

In a way capable Confirmation; de

The person who

ATTIEMANCE, af-ferm ́mans, 8. dition; opposed to repeal. MAMANT, af-ferm'mant, s. dira; a declarer. AFFILIATION, af-fer-ma'shun, s. (affirmatio, Lat.) The act of affirming or declaring; confirmation; acation; the position affirmed. In Law, the

declaration made by Quakers and Moratas in cases where an oath is required from chers; false affirmations made by such persons pazishable in the same way as perjury. AFFIRMATIVE, af-ferm'a-tiv, a. That affirms; deratory of what exists; that can or may be afired; confirmation; ratifying; positive; dogEtical that which contains an affirmation. AFFIRMATIVELY, af-ferm'a-tiv-le, ad. In an affirmave manner; on the positive side; not nega

to the end of a word.

AFFIXION, af-fik'shun, s. The act of affixing; the Rate of being affixed.-Seldom used. AFFLATION, af-fla'shun, s. (afflo, afflatum, Lat.) The act of breathing upon anything. AFFLATUS, af-fla'tus, s. (Latin.) A blast or breath of wind; communication of the power of prophecy; inspiration

AFFLICT, af-flikt, v. a. (afflicto, afflictum, Lat.) To put to pain; to grieve; to torment; to harass; to overthrow.

AFFLICTED, af-flik'ted, a. Suffering grief or pain; tormented; overthrown.

There rest, if any rest can harbour there;
And reassembling our afflicted Powers,
Consult how we may henceforth most offend
Our enemy.-Milton.

AFFLICTEDNESS, af-flik'ted-nes, 8. The state of

exuberance of riches; stream of wealth; plenty. AFFLUENT, af'flu-ent, a. (French, from affluens, Lat.) Flowing to any part, as, the affluent blood; abundant; exuberant; wealthy.

AFFLUENTLY, af'fin-ent-le, ad. In an affluent manner; in abundance.

AFFLUENTNESS, af'flu-ent-nes, 8. The quality of being affluent.

AFFLUX, af'fluks, s. (affluxus, Lat.) The act of flowing to, or that which flows to, as an afflux of blood to the head; affluence; that which flows to another place.

AFFLUXION, af-fluk'shun, s. (affluxio, Lat.) The act of flowing to; that which flows to. AFFORAGE, af'fo-raje, s. (French, from afforer, to value.) A duty paid in France to the proprietor of a district, for permission to sell wine, &c., within his superiority. AFFORCEMENT, a-forse'ment, s. (ad and force.) In old charters, a fortress; a fortification. To yield; to produce; to AFFORD, af-forde', v. a. be able to sell at a certain price; to be able to bear expenses.

AFFOREST, af-for'est, v. a. (afforestare, Lat.) To turn ground into a forest. AFFORESTATION, af-for-res-ta'shun, 8. The act of converting ground into a forest. AFFRANCHISE, af-fran'shiz, v. a. (affranchir, Fr.)

To make free.

AFFRANCHISEMENT, af-fran'shiz-ment, s. (affranchissement, Fr.) The act of making free. AFFRAP, af-frap', v. n. (affrappare, Ital.) To strike;

to make a blow.

I have been trained up in warlike stowre,
To lossen spear and shield, and to affrap
The warlike rider.-Spenser,

AFFRAY, af-fra', v. a. (affrayer, Fr.) To fright; to terrify-(obsolete);

Or when the flying heavens he would affraySpenser. -8. a tumultuous assault; a battle; tumult; confusion.

The general affrays and bloodsheds of the world.Bp. Hall. AFFREIGHT, af- frate', v. a. To hire a ship for the transportation of goods. AFFREIGHTER, af-fra'tur, s. The person who hires or charters a ship or other vessel to convey goods. AFFREIGHTMENT, af-frate'ment, s. The act of having a ship for the transportation of goods,

43

AFFRET AFIELD.

AFFRET, af-fret', s. (affrettare, Ital.) Furious onset; immediate attack.-Obsolete.

Careless of perill in their fierce affect---Spenser. AFFRICTION, af-frik'shun, s. (africtio, Lat.) The act of rubbing one thing on another.- Obsolete. Every pitiful vice seeks the enlargement of itself by a contagious afriction of all culpable subjects.-Hallym . AFFRIENDED, af-frend ́ed, a. Reconciled; made friends. Obsolete.

When she saw that cruell war so ended,
And deadly foes so faithfully atrended,

In lonely wise she gan the lady greet.-Spenser. AFFRIGHT, af-frite', v. a. To affect with fear; to terrify suddenly; to frighten;

Thou shalt not be affrighted at them.-Deut. vii. 21.

As one affright with hellish sounds.-Spenser. -8. fear; terror; the cause of fear; a terrible object; dreaded appearance.

I see the gods

Upbraid our sufferings, and would humble them,
By sending these afrights while we are here,
That we might laugh at their ridiculous fear.-
Ben Jonson.

AFFRIGHTEDLY, af-fri'ted-le, ad. Under the impression of fear.

AFFRIGHTER, af-fri'tur, s. He who frightens.Obsolete.

The famous Don Quixote of the Mancha, the righter of wrongs, the redresser of injuries, the protector of damsels, the afrighter of giants.-Shelton, Trans. of Don Quixote.

AFFRIGHTFUL, af-frite'ful, a. Full of affright; terrible; dreadful.

AFFRIGHTMENT, af-frite'ment, s. Affright; terror; the state of being frightened. Obsolete.

She waked with the affrightment of a dream.-- Wotton. AFFRONT, af-frunt', v. a. (affronter, Fr.) To meet face to face; to encounter; to meet in a hostile manner, front to front; to offer an open insult; to offend avowedly;-s. insult offered to a person's face; contemptuous or rude treatment; contumely; outrage; act of contempt; open opposition; disgrace; shame.

AFFRONTEE, af-frun-te', s. Applied in Heraldry, when two animals are placed face to face on an escutcheon.

AFFRONTER, af-frun'tur, s. One who affronts. AFFRONTING, af-frunt ́ing, part. a. Contumelious; abusive.

AFFRONTINGLY, af-frunting-le, ad. In an affronting manner.

AFFRONTIVE, af-frun'tiv, a. Causing affront; abusive.

AFFRONTIVENESS, af-frun'tiv-nes, s. The quality that gives affront.

AFFUAGE, affu-aje, s. (French.) The right of cutting wood for fuel.

AFFUSE, af-fuze', v. a. (affundo, affusum, ad and fundo, I pour out, Lat.) To sprinkle; to pour

AFIELD, a-feeld', ad. To the field; in the field. How jocund did they drive their teams afield!-Gray.

AFIRE-AFRICAN.

AFIRE, a-fire', ad. On fire; in a state of infla mation or passionate desire.

So was he set afire with her beauty.-Lydgate. AFLAT, a-flat', ad. Level with the ground. AFLIGHT, a-flite', a. Having fortitude; possessi presence of mind upon the appearance of dang -Obsolete.

Upon this worde hir herte affight,

Thynkende what was best to doone.-Gower. AFLOAT, a-flote', ad. and prep. Borne on the water On such a full sea are we now float,

That we must take the current when it serves,
Or lose our ventures.-Shaks.

figuratively, moving or going from place to place Others you'll see, when all the town's eftat,

Wrapt in the embraces of a kersey coat.- Gay. unfixed, as, our affairs are all afloat. As an adjec tive, afloat follows the noun.

AFOOT, a-foot', ad. On foot; in action;

I pr'ythee, when thou seest that act afoot,
Even with the very comment of thy soul,
Observe mine uncle.-Staks.

Keep.

Afore I'll

Endure the tyranny of such a tongue,
And such a pride-

Foll. What will you do?

Keep. Tell truth.-Ben Jonson.

In Nautical language, towards the head of the ship; further forward, or nearer the stem, as, afore the windlass. Afore the mast is a phrase which is applied to a common sailor, as one who does his duty on the main deck, or has no office on board the ship. Afore-going, going before. Aforehand, by a previous provision; provided; prepared; previously fitted. Afore-mentioned, mentioned before. Afore-named, named before. Aforethought, premeditated; prepense. Afore-time, in time past.

AFOUL, a-fowl', a. Entangled; not free. AFRAID, a-frayd', a. Past part. of the obsolete verb affray; struck with fear or apprehension; fearful. It expresses a less degree of fear than terror or fright.

AFRESH, a-fresh', ad. Anew; again; recently; after intermission.

AFRIC, af frik, a. Belonging to Africa.

Or when Biserta sent from Africk shore.-Milton. AFRICAN, af fre-kan, s. A native of Africa;-a. pertaining to Africa. African almond, the tree Brabejum stellatum, a native of the Cape of Good Hope: Order, Proteacex. African fleabane, the shrub Tarchonanthus camphoratus, a native of

AGAMIST-AGASTRARIA.

Crane, a species of crane inhabiting the woods of Central America. AGAMIST, a'ga-mist, s. One who does marry one who refuses or rejects marriage. AGAMOUS, a'ga-mus, a. Not married; applied to plants not having apparent organs of reproduction; cryptogamie; flowerless. AGANOSMA, a-gan-os'ma, s. (aganes, mild, and osme, smell, Gr. in reference to the scent of the flowers.) A genus of plants: Order, Apocynaceæ. AGAPE, ag'a-pe, s. (agape, love, Gr.) The lovefeasts, or feasts of charity, which were observed among the Primitive Christians, and at which liberal collections were made for the poor. St. Chrysostom says,—The first Christians had all things common, as we read in the Acts of the Apostles; but when that equality ceased, which it did even in the Apostles' time, the Agape, or lovefeasts, were substituted in room of it. On certain days, after partaking of the Lord's Supper, they met at a common feast, the rich bringing provisions, and the poor, who had nothing, being invited. The term Agapeta was applied to the virgins and widows who, in the primitive church, associated themselves with, and attended on, the rulers of the church, from motives of piety and charity.' AGAPANTHUS, a-ga-pan'thus, s. (agape, love, and anthos, a flower, Gr.) The African lily, a genus of Cape of Good Hope bulbous-rooted plants: Order, Hemerocallidaceae.

AGAPE, a-gape', ad. Staring with wonder and open mouth.

More solemn than the tedious pomp that waits
On princes, when their rich retinue long
Of horses led, and grooms besmear'd with gold,
Dazzles the crowd, and sets them all agape. -

Milton.

AGAPET, ag'a-pet, s. (agape, love, Gr.) A lover of the fair sex.

AGAPETES, ag-a-pe'tes, s. (agapetos. beloved, Gr. in reference to the plants being showy.) A genus of evergreen shrubs, natives of the East Indies: Order, Vacciniaceæ.

AGAPHITE, ag'a-fite, 8. A variety of the oriental Calaite or Tourquois,-which see. AGARDHIA, a-gárd ́e-a, s. (in honour of Charles Agardh, a Swedish professor, and writer on Alga.) A genus of plants: Order, Vochysiace. AGARIC, a-gar ́ik, a. Pertaining to the mushroom; of the nature of the mushroom. This word gives the following combinations used in natural history: Agaricicolus, living among mushrooms; agariciformis, having the form of a mushroom; aguricinus, like a mushroom. Agaric mineral, a calcareous earth, or carbonate of lime, resembling a fungus in colour and texture, found in fissures of rocks, and on the roofs of caverns. AGARICUS, a-gar'e-kus, s. (Agaria, a region of Sarmatia.) Agaric, a very extensive genus of the Mushroom family: Tribe, Hymenomycetes. AGARISTA, ag-a-ris'ta, s. In Mythology, the daughter of Clifthenes. In Botany, a genus of plants, natives of the Mauritius and South America: Order, Ericacex. In Entomology, a name given by Cuvier to a genus of Lepidopterous insects: Family, Sphinx. AGASTRARIA, a-gas-tra're-a, s. (a, priv. and gaster, the belly, Gr.) A name given by Blainville to those organic animal bodies, which, like the sponges, have no intestinal canal. To the same animals,

AGASTACHYS, ag-a-stak'is, s. (agastos, admirable and stachys, a spike, Gr.) A genus of plants Order, Proteacex. AGASYLLIS, ag-a-sil'lis, s. (the Greek name of th ammoniac plant.) A genus of plants, natives o Caucasus: Order, Umbellaceæ.

AGATE, ag ́et, 8. Cachates, Lat.) The Scotch pebble Agates are chiefly composed of quartz, variegated with colouring matter. They occur in rocks of igneous origin, and seem to have been formed by concretionary action during the process of cooling. AGATHE, a-ga-the'a, s. (agathos, excellent, Gr. from the beautiful flowers.) A genus of Composite plants: Suborder, Tubuliflora. AGATHIS, ag'a-this, s. (Greek, a cluster, the flowers being collected in clusters.) The Dammar-pine, a genus of Coniferous trees, natives of Amboyna and New Zealand.

A

AGATHISANTHES, a-ga-the-san'this, s. (agathis, a round head, and anthos, a flower, Gr. in reference to the flowers being disposed in pedunculate heads.) genus of plants: Order, Combrataceæ. AGATHISTEGA, a-ga-this'te-ga, s. (agathos, good, and stego, I close or conceal, Gr.) A name given by D'Orbigny and Menke to a family of the Foraminiferous Cephalopods.

AGATHODEMON, a-gath-o-de'mun, s. (agathos, good, and daimon, a beneficent genius or demon, Gr.) In Mythology, a name given by ancient writers to various animals, and figures of animals, in Egypt and Greece, to whom a tutelary power was attributed, such as the Nile, and its symbols, serpents, &c.

AGATHOPHYLLUM, a-gath-o-fil'lum, s. (agathos, excellent, and phyllon, a leaf, Gr.) The Madagascar nutmeg-tree: Order, Lauracex. AGATHOSMA, a-gath-os'ma, s. (agathos, good, and osme, smell, Gr.) A genus of Cape plants, consisting of evergreen shrubs: Order, Rutace. AGATHOTES, a-ga-tho'tis, 8. (Greek; goodness, in reference to the quality of the species.) A genus of annual plants: Order, Gentianacea. AGATHYRSUS, a-ga-ther'sus, s. (agathos, pretty, and thyrsos, a dense pannicle, Gr.) A genus of Composite plants, allied to the Sonchus, or Sow-thistle: Suborder, Tubuliflora.

AGATI, a-ga'ti, s. (agaty, Sanscrit name.) A genus of East Indian Leguminous trees: Suborder, Papilionaceæ.

AGATIFEROUS, ag-a-tife-rus, a. (agate, and fero, I bear, Lat.) Applied to a rock containing agates. AGATINE, ag'a-tine, a. Having the appearance of agate; of the nature of agate. AGATIZED, ag'a-tizde, a. Having coloured lines and figures of agate, as agatized wood. AGATY, ag'a-te, a. Partaking of the nature of the

agate.

AGAVE, ag'a-ve, s. (agaros, admirable, Gr.) The

American aloe, a genus of plants, which have the

AGAZE-AGENHIM.

me of the aloe, but belong to the pineFamir, Bromeliacere.

2.2. To strike with sudden terror.

To Inneb exclaim'd, 'The devil in arms!' Aut the whole army stood agar'd on him.-Shals. , -destis, s. In Mythology, a her spunde doraded from Jove. In Botany, a of plaats with hermaphrodite flowers, naan of New Spain: Order, Memispermaceæ. Like & Freach.) A period of time attributed ading as the whole or a part of its dura

One man in his time plays many parts,
His acts being seven ages.-Shaks.

4 faression or generation of men; the space of a and years; the latter part of life;

See how full of change his age is.—Shaks.
sy; ripeness; years of discretion;

He is of age, ask him.-John ix.

the period when a person is enabled by law to act frhseif, or when he ceases to be controlled by permits or guardians; a particular period of time, mr imaginary, as, the golden age, age of iron, of hairy, the Augustan age, &c.; the peopewa Eve at a particular period, as, ages yet Age of the moon, the time elapsed since oojunction with the sun. Dark ages, ne from the fall of the Roman Empire to the wind of learning at the Reformation. Middle renerally understood to signify the time from

of Constantine, to the taking of Constanby the Turks; or from the decline of the Lata or Western Empire, to that of the Greek or

Lesern

jeda. Old; stricken in years. Air, aje'ed-le, ad. After the manner of an red person.

LOTTE, aj-e-do'îte, e An immediate principle vegetables, crystalizable in octahedrons, tastecontaining azote, insoluble in water, soluhe in the sulphuric and nitric acids, and exhaling when titurated with potash, an ammoniacal

ALAINE, a-je-la'e-ne, s. (agelaios, gregarious, 6) The Maize-bird, a subfamily of South Amenon gregarious birds, allied to the Starlings, rving the genus Agelaius (the Maize-bird) for its Aix, agen', ad. (Saxon.) Again. This form a the true etymology and pronunciation of the ward, and used by some of the poets occasionally. He Polyphemus, weary, sought agen The cool retirement of his gloomy den.-Dryden. Heaven keep my sister! Agen, agen, and near!—

Milton's Comus.

AGENNESIA-AGGLUTINATION.

AGENNESIA, ay-jen-ne'she-a, s. (a, priv. and gennao, I beget, Gr.) Male sterility. AGENT, a'jent, a. (agens, Lat.) Active; acting upon;-s. a substitute in the transaction of business; a factor; that which operates or is the means of producing any effect; the instrument of action; a substance capable of producing chemical action, decomposition, or change. A voluntary or free agent is one who may do or not do any action, and has the conscious perception that his action is caused by his own will, in contradistinction from a natural or physical agent, which is utterly destitute of inheritant or voluntary principle of action, as wind, steam, water, &c. Agent and patient, in Law, is when a person is both the doer of a thing, and the party to whom it is done. In Scottish Law, an agent is a solicitor for the Court of Session, or other courts. The first clerks of advocates are entitled, ex officio, to act as agents in the Court of Session.

AGENTSHIP, a'jent-ship, s. The office or duties of one who transacts business for another. AGERASIA, ay-je-ra'she-a, 8. (see Ageratum.) Immature old age.

AGERATUM, ay-je-ra'tum, s. (a, without, and geros, honour or old age, Gr.) A genus of annual Composite plants: Suborder, Tubuliflora. AGGELATION, ad-jel-a'shun, s. (ad, to, and jelu, ice, Lat.) The act of being converted into ice. AGGENERATION, ad-jen-e-ra'shun, s. (ad, and generatio, Lat.) The state of growing or uniting to another body.

AGGER, ad'jur, 8. (Latin.) In ancient Military Architecture, a military road; the middle part of a military road formed into a ridge; a work, usually a bank of earth, thrown up for the attack or defence of towns or camps; earth dug out of a ditch, and thrown up on the brink of it; a wall erected against the sea to keep within bounds; a mound or barrow raised upon graves; a tumulus. AGGERATE, ad'jer-ate, v. a. (aggero, Lat.) To heap.-Not used.

AGGERATION, ad-jer-a'shun, s. The act of heaping up.

AGGEROSE, ad'jer-ose, a. Full of heaps. AGGLOMERATE, ag-glom'er-ate, v. a. (ad and glomero, I wind in a ball, from glomus, a ball of yarn, Lat. agglomerer, Fr.) To wind into a ball, as thread; to gather together as a mass;-v. n. to grow, gather, or collect into a ball or mass. AGGLOMERATED, ag-glom'er-ay-ted, part. a. Collected or rolled together.

Creations

In one agglomerated cluster hung,
Great Vine! on Thee.--Young.

AGGLOMERATING, ag-glom'er-ate-ing, part. a.
Rolling or collecting together into a mass or lump.
The hard agglomerating salts,
The spoil of ages.-Thomson.
AGGLOMERATION, ag-glom-e-ra'shun, s. (French.)
Properly, a round heap; a confused mass of various
materials heaped together.
AGGLUTINANT, ag-glu'te-nant, a. Uniting parts
together; s. a medicine or application which
has the power of uniting parts.
AGGLUTINATE, ag-glu'te-nate, v. a. (agglutiner, Fr.
from ad, and gluten, glue, Lat.) To unite one
part to another; to cause to adhere; used gene-
rally in a medical sense.
AGGLUTINATION, ag-glu-te-na'shun, s. A gluing