COMING-COMMANDRESS.

COMMARK-COMMENDATION.

mission; ; revenue; income.

What are thy rents? what are thy comings-in? O ceremony! show me but thy worth.-Shaks. COMITIA, ko-me'she-a, s. pl. (Latin.) In ancient Rome, assemblies of the people publicly convened by a magistrate to give their votes on any general question; originally the people gave their votes vira roce, but the system was superseded by the use of tablets.

COMITIAL, ko-mish'al, a. Relating to the comitia, or popular assemblies of the Romans; relating to an order of presbyterian assemblies. COMITY, kom'e-te, s. (comitas, Lat.)

Courtesy;

civility; suavity of manners; good-breeding. COMIZOPHYTE, ko-miz'o-fite, s. (komizo, I carry, and phyton, a plant, Gr.) A name given by Necker to plants, the corollas of which are furnished with stamens.

COMMA, kom'ma, s. (komma, Gr.) In Composition, a point or character marked thus (,) serving to denote a short pause, and to divide the members of a period. In Music, a comma is the difference between two sounds whose ratio is 81:80, or the difference between the major tone C D (8) and the minor tone D E (%). Practically, it is the ninth part of a major tone;-distinction in a general sense.

COMMAND, kom-mand', v. a. (commander, Fr. mando, Lat.) To govern; to give orders to; to

COMMATIC, kom-mat ́ik, a. (komma, a little piece, Gr.) Brief; concise.

COMMATISM, kom'ma-tizm, s. Conciseness; brief

ness.

COMMEASURABLE.-See Commensurable. COMMELYNACE.E, kom-mel-e-na'se-e,) s. (commeCOMMELYNEE, kom-me-lin ́e-e, Slyna, one of the genera.) A natural order of Exogens, consisting chiefly of herbaceous plants, with flat narrow leaves sheathing at the base; three sepals opposite the carpels; three petals; three or six stamens; ovary three-celled; style one; stigma one; capsules two or three-celled; natives of the East and West Indies, New Holland, and Africa. COMMEMORABLE, kom-mem'mo-ra-bl, a. (commemorabilis, Lat.) Memorable; worthy of being kept in remembrance.

COMMEMORATE, kom-mem'mo-rate, v. a. (commemero, Lat.) To keep in remembrance by a solemn act; to celebrate with honour and solemnity. COMMEMORATION, kom-mem-mo-ra ́shun, s. The act of honouring the memory of some person by solemn observances, or public celebration. COMMEMORATIVE, kom mem'mo-ra-tiv, COMMEMORATORY, KOM-mem'mo-ra-to-re, Tending to preserve the memory of anything.

done; to have in power; to overlook; to have so subject as that it may be seen or annoyed; to lead as a general;-v. n. to have the supreme authority; to possess the chief power; to govern ;—8. the right of commanding; power; supreme authority; cogent authority; despotism; the act of commanding; the mandate uttered; order given; the power of overlooking or surveying any place; that which is commanded; order; message. COMMANDABLE, kom-man'da - bl, a.

be commanded.

That may

COMMANDANT, kom-man'dant, s. (French.) A commanding officer of a place, or of a body of forces. COMMANDATORY, kom-man'da-to-re, a. Having the force of a command.

COMMANDER, kom-man'dur, s. One who has supreme authority; a leader; a chief; a heavy beetle, or wooden mallet, used in paving; the name of a surgical instrument. Commander-inchief, an officer to whom is intrusted the supreme command over all the land forces in Great Britain. COMMANDERY, kom-man'dur-e,) s. (commanderie, COMMANDRY, kom-man dre, Fr.) A kind of | benefice or fixed revenue belonging to certain foreign orders, and conferred on knights who had

done considerable services to the order. COMMANDING, kom-man'ding, a. Controlling by influence; having an air or mein of dignity and authority.

begin; to take rise or origin; to take a new character; to have first existence; to take an academical degree;-v. a. to begin; to make a beginning of.

COMMENCEMENT, kom-mens'meat, s. Beginning; origin; first existence; the time when students in college commence bachelors; an annual public assembly of the university of Cambridge, or the day on which degrees are publicly conferred on

students.

COMMEND, kom-mend', v. a. (commendo, Lat.) To represent as worthy of notice, regard, or kindness; to recommend; to give in charge, or deliver up with confidence; to praise; to mention with approbation; to recommend to favour or notice; to intrust; to send;-s. commendation.-Obsolete as a substantive.

Tell her I send to her my kind commends; Take special care my greetings be delivered.-Shaks. COMMENDABLE, kom-men ́da-bl, a. Laudable; worthy of praise or approbation; that may be

commended.

The

COMMENDABLENESS, kom-men'da-bl-nes, s. state of being commendable. COMMENDABLY, kom-men ́da-ble, ad. Laudably; in a praiseworthy manner. COMMENDAM, kom-men'dam, s. In Ecclesiastical Law, the trust or administration of the revenues of a benefice given to a layman in order to make repairs or to a clerk, to perform the pastoral duties of the benefice till a proper incumbent is provided.

COMMENDATARY, kom-men-da'tar-e, s. (commendataire, Fr.) One who holds a living in com

mendam. COMMENDATION, kom-men-da'shun, s. (commendatio, Lat.) Recommendation; favourable repre

COMMISSARIAT-COMMITTEE.

COMMISSARIAT, kom-mis-sa're-at, s. (old French.) A body of persons attending an army, who are commissioned to regulate the procuring and conveyance of ammunition, provisions, &c. COMMISSARY, kom'mis-sa-re, s. (commissaire, Fr.) One who is delegated to execute some office or duty; a commissioner; a deputy; a delegate. In Ecclesiastical Law, an officer appointed by the bishop to exercise jurisdiction in distant parts of the diocese. In Military affairs, there are commissaries appointed for a variety of duties-as commissary-general of musters, whose duties are to muster the army, inspect the muster-rolls, and keep an exact state of the strength of the forces; commissary of horse, having charge of the inspection of the artillery-horse; commissary of provi- | sions, having charge of furnishing provisions for the army; commissary of stores. naving charge of, the stores, and accountable to the office of ordnance. COMMISSION, kom-mish'un, s. (French.) The act of committing, doing, or performing anything; perpetration; a charge, mandate, office, or employment; a trust; a warrant; a number of persons joined in an office or trust; the state of that, which is intrusted to a number of joint officers. In Law, the warrant or letters patent by which a | person is authorized to exercise jurisdiction. In Military affairs, the warrant or authority by which posts in the army are held. In Commerce, the mandate or authority given to one person to buy or sell goods for another; brokerage or per centage given to agents and factors for transacting business for others;-. a. to empower; to appoint; to send with mandate or authority. COMMISSIONAL, kom-mish ́un - al, COMMISSIONARY, kom-mish'un-a-re,) by warrant.-Seldom used. COMMISSIONATE, kom-mish'un-ate, v. a. mission; to empower. COMMISSIONER, kon-mish'un-er, s. One who is authorized or appointed, by commission, letters patent, or lawful warrant, to perform some duty, or execute any public office.

a. Appointed

To com

COMMISSURE, kom-mish'ure, s. (commissura, Lat.) A joint, sean, or closure; the place where the two parts of a body meet and unite; an interstice or cleft between particles or parts. COMMIT, kom-mit', v. u. (committo, Lat.) To intrust; to give in trust; to put into the hands of another; to put into any place for safe keeping; to send to prison; to perpetrate; to be guilty of a crime; to put together for a contest; to engage; to pledge; to place in a dangerous position; to place in a state of hostility or incongruity. COMMITMENT, kom-mit'ment, s. The act of sending a person to prison by warrant, either for a crine or contumacy; a parliamentary expression when a bill is referred to a committee for consideration; the act of intrusting, or delivering in charge; the doing or perpetrating a crime; the act of pledging.

COMMITTAL, kom-mit'al, s. The act of committing; the state of being committed into custody; a pledge.

COMMITTEE, kom-mit'te, 8. Those to whom the consideration of any business or question is referred, either by a legislative body, a society, or any number of individuals. Committee of the House, when any legislative court or society goes into committee, the standing rules of debate are

COMMITTEESHIP-COMMON.

dispensed with, and members are not restricted making their observations. Standing Committees, such as are appointed for a definite period to take charge of any particular matters. Special Committees, such as are appointed over a special subject, and whose office ceases as soon as they have reported to their constituents, or brought the matter under their charge to an issue. COMMITTEESHIP, kom-mit'te-ship, s. The office and profit of committees.

COMMITTER, kom-mit ́tur, s. One who commits; a perpetrator. Liable to be

COMMITTIBLE, kom-mit'te-bl, a. committed.

COMMIX, kom-miks', v. a. (commisceo, Lat.) To ningle; to blend; to mix; to unite with things in a mass-v. n. to mix; to unite. COMMIXION, kom-mik'shun, s. Mixture; inCOMMIXTION, kom-miks'tyun, corporation. COMMIXTURE, kom-miks ture, s. The act of mingling; the state of being mingled; incorporation; the mass formed by mingling different things; compound.

COMMODE, kom-mode', s. (French.) A head-dress formerly worn by ladies.

COMMODIOUS, kom-mo'de-us, a. (commode, Fr.) Convenient; suitable; fit to accommodate; fice from hindrance or uneasiness. COMMODIOUSLY, kom- mo'de-us-le, ad. Conve niently; in a suitable or commodious manner; without distress. COMMODIOUSNESS, kom-mo'de-us-nes, s. Convenience; advantage; suitableness. COMMODITY, kom-mod'e-te, s. (commoditas, Lat.) In Commerce, all kinds of moveable products in which persons deal; interest; advantage; profit; convenience.-Seldom used in the last sense. Travellers turn out of the highway, drawn either by the commodity of a footpath, or the delicacy or freshness of the fields.-Ben Jonson.

Staple commodities, such wares, merchandizes, and productions as are manufactured in a country, and form the principal articles or exportation. COMMODORE, kem-ino-dore', s. (probably from comendador, a commander, Span.) An officer of the British navy, commissioned by the lords of the admiralty, or by an admiral, to command a squadron of ships of war; also the name given to a select ship in a fleet of merchantmen, which leads the van in time of war, and carries a light in her top to conduct the rest. COMMODULATION, ko-mod-u-la'shun, s. (con, and modus, a measure, Lat.) Measure; agreement. COMMOIGNE, kom'mnoyn, s. (French.) A monk of

the same order or convent.

COMMON, kom'mun, a. (communis, Lat.) Belonging equally to more than one; belonging to some public body, and having no separate possessor or owner; public; general; serving for the use of all; usual; ordinary; of no rank or distinction; mean; without high birth or exalted descent; prostitute. In Grammar, such verbs as signify both action and passion are called common; also, such nouns as are both masculine and feminine, as 'parent.' In Anatomy, used to designate the main trunk of any vessel or canal which divides into or connects two or more branches, as the common carotid and iliac arteries; it is applied also to any structure extensively and universally enveloping others, as the cominon integuments of the body.

COMMONABLE-COMMONS.

In Botany, the petiole is said to be common when it sustains several leaflets, or secondary petioles, er when it affords insertion to numerous sessile fowers; the involucrum is common when several fewers are aggregated above it, and the spatha when there are several enclosed in it. In Natural History, common is used for any, plant or animal ordinary and familiar occurrence. Right of Common, in Law, is an incorporeal hereditament, er right, which certain persons have to take or use, in common, a part of the natural produce of land, water, wood, &c. belonging to other persons, who have a permanent or limited interest in the soil, &c. Common Law, law which receives its binding force from immemorial usage, in distinction from the written or statute law. Common Council, the encil of a city or corporate town, empowered to make by-laws for the government of the citizens. Common Pleas, a court held in Westminster Hall, wherein pleas or causes are heard between subject and subject: it has a concurrent jurisdiction with the Court of Queen's Bench, but has no cognizance of pleas of the crown. Common measure, in Arithmetic, a number which divides two or more umbers without leaving a remainder. Common time, in Music, is that in which every measure, or bar, contains one semibreve, two minims, four crochera, eight quavers, &c. Common Prayer Book, the liturgy or public form of prayer prescribed by the Church of England, and to which the clergy are board to adhere under a penalty. Common-place Book, a register or methodical collection of thoughts or observations worthy of being collected. Comcrier, applied to a person whose occupation to give notice of lost articles and public intimations; - an open ground for public use ;-v. n. to have a joint right with others in some common ground; - commonly; ordinarily. COMMONABLE, kom'mun-a-bl, a. That is held in common; that is allowable, or may be pastured, on common land.

is

COMMONAGE, kommun-aje, s. The right of pastrage on a common; the joint right of using anything in common with others.

They have wronged poor people of their commonage, stich of right belonged to them.-Fuller. COMMONALTY, komʼmun-al-te, s.

The common people; those classes below the rank of nobility; the bulk of mankind.

COMMONER, komʼmun-ur, s. One of the common people; a person of mean condition; a member of the House of Commons; one who has a joint right in common ground; a student of the second rank in the universities of England; one who eats at a common table; a prostitute; a partaker or sharer in common.

COMMONITION, kom-mo-nish'un, s. (commonitio,
Lat.) Advice; warning; instruction.
COXMONITIVE, kom-mon'e-tiv, a. Advising;
COMMONITORY, kom-mon'e-to-re, warning.
COMMONLY, kom'mun-le, ad. Frequently; usually;
ordinarily; for the most part.

COMMONNESS, kom'mun-nes, s. Frequently occurring; a state of being common or ordinary; equal participation among many.

COMMONS, kom'munz, s. pl. The lower House of Parliament, consisting of the representatives of cities, boroughs, and counties; the vulgar; the ormon people, or those who are without honours or titles; food provided at a common table, as

COMMONSTRATE-COMMUNICATE.

practised in boarding-schools, colleges, &c. Doctors' Commons, a college founded in London by Dr. Harvey, for the professors of civil law. COMMONSTRATE, kom-mon'strate, v. a. To teach; to impart information.-Obsolete. COMMONTY, kom'mun-te, s. In the law of Scotland, a term for land held by two or more proprietors, and which is mutually used for pasturage. COMMONWEAL, kom'mun-weel, s. (from comCOMMONWEALTH, kom'mun-welth, mon and weal, or wealth.) The entire bulk of the people of any state in their social and political relations; an established form of civil polity or government; a republic, or that form of government emanating from the franchises of a free people. COMMORANCE, kom'mo-rans, s. (commorans, COMMORANCY, kom'mo-ran-se, Lat.) Dwelling; habitation; residence; stay.-Seldom used. Six and twenty days we consumed in Sheraz, forced to so long commorance by the merry duke.-Sir T. Herbert. COMMORANT, kom'mo-rant, a. Resident; dwelling; inhabiting.

COMMORATION, kom-mo-ra'shun, s. A staying or tarrying.

COMMORIENT, kom-mo're-ent, a. (con, and moriens, dying, Lat.) Dying at the same time.-Seldom

uscd.

COMMOTHER, kom-muth'ur, s. An old term for godmother.

COMMOTION, kom-mo'shun, s. (commotio, Lat.) Tumult; disturbance; public disorder; insurrection; perturbation or disorder of the mind; agitation; violence; restlessness. One who excites tumults, or disturbs public tranquillity. COMMOVE, kom-moov', v. a. (commoveo, Lat.) To disturb; to agitate; to put into a violent motion. -Obsolete.

COMMOTIONER, kom-mo'shun-ur, s.

Straight the sands,

Commov'd around, in gathering eddies play.Thomson. COMMUNAL, kom-mu'nal, a. Relating to a com

mune.

COMMUNE, kom-mune', v. n. (communico, Lat.) To converse or talk together; to impart sentiments mutually; to indulge in meditation; to partake of the sacrament, or Lord's Supper;-s. in France, a small territorial division or district of country. COMMUNICABILITY, kom-mu-ne-ka-bil'e-te, s. The quality of being communicable; capability of being imparted among others. COMMUNICABLE, kom-mu'ne-ka-bl, a. (French.) That may be communicated to others; that may be recounted or made known; communicative. COMMUNICABLENESS, kom-mu'ne-ka-bl-nes, 8. Being communicable. COMMUNICABLY, kom-mu'ne-ka-ble, ad. In a communicable manner.

COMMUNICANT, kom-mu'ne-kant, s. One who partakes of the sacrament of the Lord's Supper. COMMUNICATE, kom-mu'ne-kate, v. a. (communico, Lat.) To impart to others; to give to others as partakers; to confer a joint possession; to bestow; to reveal; to impart knowledge; to give as information by words or signals; to give;v. n. to partake of the sacrament of the Lord's Supper; to have something in common with another; to have intercourse, or a communication from one to another; to have reciprocally. Communicating artery of Willis, a branch of the internal carotid artery.

COMMUNICATION-COMMUTE.

COMMUNICATION, kom-mu-ne-ka'shun, s. The act of imparting to another; interchange of thoughts, intelligence, or knowledge, by conference or other means; interchange of good understanding, correspondence, or reciprocal advantages with others; conference; that which is communicated or imparted; an inlet; a passage or entrance connecting one place with another; means of passing from place to place.

COMMUNICATIVE, kom-mu'ne-kay-tiv, a. Having a disposition to communicate or impart to others; disposed to share with others, as opinions or information; not close or selfish. COMMUNICATIVENESS, kom-mu'ne-kay-tiv-nes, s. The quality of being communicative, or ready to impart to others; not reserved. COMMUNICATOR, kom-mu'ne-kay-tur, s. One who communicates with others. COMMUNICATORY, kom-mu'ne-kay-to-re, a. Imparting knowledge.

COMMUNING, Kom-mu'ning, s. Familiar converse;

meditation.

COMMUNION, kom-mune'yun, s. (communio, Lat.), Intercourse; fellowship; common possession; participation of something in common; interchange of transactions; union in faith and discipline; agreement; concord; the act of communicating in the sacrament of the eucharist; the celebration of the Lord's Supper. Communion service, in the Liturgy of the Church of England, the office for the administration of the holy sacra

ment.

COMMUNIONIST, kom-mune'yun-ist, s. One who is of the same communion.

COMMUNISM, kom'mu-nizm, s. Community of property among all the citizens of a state. COMMUNITY, kom-mu'ne-te, s. (communitas, Lat.) The body politic; a society or body of persons living in the same place, having the same rights, privileges, and interests, and acknowledging the same laws; common possession, as opposed to exclusive privileges; the commonwealth or state; frequency; commonness.-Obsolete in the last

two senses.

qua

COMMUTABILITY, kom-mu-ta-bil’e-te, s. The lity of being capable of exchange. COMMUTABLE, kom-mu'ta-bl, a. (commutabilis, Lat.) That may be exchanged for something else; that may be given for another, or ransomed. COMMUTATION, kom-mu-ta'shun, s. (commutatio, Lat.) Change; alteration; exchange; the act of giving one thing for another; ransom. In Law, the change of a penalty or punishment from a greater to a less, as when death is commuted to transportation. In Astronomy, the angle of commutation of a planet is the angle formed at the earth by a straight line drawn from the earth to the sun, and the orthographical projection on the plane of the ecliptic of the straight line which joins the earth with the celestial body. The angle is measured by the difference between the sun's longitude and the geocentric longitude of the planet. COMMUTATIVE, kom-mu'tay-tiv, a. (commutatif, Fr.) Relating to exchange; interchangeable. COMMUTATIVELY, kom-inu'tay-tiv-le, ad. In the way of exchange.

COMMUTE, kom-mute', v. a. (commuto, Lat.) To exchange; to put one thing in the place of another; to give or receive one thing for another; to exchange one penalty or punishment for another of:

COMMUTUAL-COMPANION,

a more lenient kind;-v. n. to atone; to bargain for exemption.

COMMUTUAL, kom-mu'tu-al, a. Mutual; reciprocal.-Chiefly used in poetry.

Love our hearts, and Hymen did our hands Unite commutual in most sacred bands,-Shaks. COMOCLADIA, kom-mo-kla'de-a, s. (kome, a tuft, and klados, a branch, Gr. the leaves being crowded at the tops of the branches.) A genus of American trees, abounding in clammy juice, and having small purple flowers, disposed in loose panicles: Order, Anacardaceæ.

COMOLIA, kom-o'le-a, s. (in honour of M. J. Comoli.) A genus of plants, with white axillary flowers, natives of Brazil: Order, Melastomaceæ. COMOSE, ko-mose', a. (comosus, hairy, Lat.) In

Botany, hairy; downy; growing in a head resembling a tuft of hair.

COMPACT, kom'pakt, s. (compactum, Lat.) A contract; an agreement or stipulation for the performance of certain conditions, whether between individuals or nations. COMPACT, kom-pakt', a.

Firm; solid; closely united; dense; of firm texture; composed; brief and well connected; not straggling or verbose. In Mineralogy, applied when the constituent particles of a mineral are so closely combined as not to present a granulated, reticulated, or crystalized texture to the naked eye. In Entomology, the body of an insect is said to be compact, when the head, trunk, and abdomen are not separated by deep grooves. In Physics, a body is said to be compact, when its molecules are so closely arranged that there exists only very minute intervals betwixt them;v. a. to join together with firmness; to unite closely, to consolidate; to make close; to league with; to bring into a system. COMPACTEDLY.-See Compactly. COMPACTEDNESS, kom-pak'ted-nes, s. closeness of parts; density. COMPACTER, kom-pak'tur, s. One who makes a compact. COMPACTIBLE, kom-pak'te-bl, a. That may be joined. Obsolete.

Firmness;

COMPACTION, kom-pak'shun, s. The act of making compact; the state of being compact. COMPACTLY, kom-pakt'le, ad. Closely; densely; with close union of parts. COMPACTNESS, kom-pakt'nes, 8 ness; density. COMPACTURE, kom-pak'ture, s. adhesion of parts; structure; being closely joined

or well connected.

Firmness; close

Close union or