66 Fletcher in The Spanish Curate,' IV. v., uneducated (or would-be educated) natives, in 1622, speaks of a man as a maggot- at least in France, sometimes make this pate." For other seventeenth-century in- mistake in words that are not in common stances see the 'N.E.D.' Swift in his use, and are not familiar to the speaker Introduction to The Tale of a Tub' says: by an unconscious tradition. "The two principal qualifications of 8 PROF. SKEAT rightly says: "The longer fanatic preacher are, his inward light, and the word, the shorter the vowel." his head full of maggots"; and Tennyson are some French instances of this law, in has ('Maud,' xxvii. 3)— which long vowels are shortened by the addition of a suffix : To tickle the maggot born in an empty head, The marriage of Frederick, the eldest son of George II., was celebrated at Don Saltero's in the following manner :— Grace, grăcieux; matelās, matelasser. Here Pōt, potée; rabōt, raboter; lōt, loti; sabōt, sabotage. Degel, dégělé (generally pronounced dég'lé) ; rappel, rappělé (rapp❜lé). And I may bring into this series :- If we extend the question further, I might extraordinary; for as soon as the Ceremony was perform'd in St. James's Chapel, they began to fire from a Horse-Boat, moored in the Middle of the Thames for that Purpose, a great Number of Sky and Water-Rockets were likewise play'd off, which the Gentlemen, at an elegant Supper, attended with On the contrary, monosyllables with a Musick, drank the Healths of the King and Queen, short vowel when they are used as proclitics, the illustrious Bride and Bridegroom, a numerous Issue, the Royal Family, &c., the great Guns firing .e., when they cease to be really monoat each Health, accompanied by Huzzas from the syllabic, lengthen the vowel when they are Populace, to whom plenty of Strong Beer was used emphatically and by themselves; given."-St. James's Evening Post, 29 April, 1736. for instance, the possessive pronouns notre, votre : J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL. C'est notre maison, This is our Deene, Streatham. house ; but Cette maison est nōtre, “This [DR. G. F. BLANDFORD also refers to Mr. Reginald house is ours"; Nous y avons mis du nōtre, Blunt's book.] "We contributed to it from our own means (or our own money)." H. GAIDOz. 22, Rue Servandoni, Paris. THOMAS CASTLE (10 S. ix. 409).-Messrs. Britten and Boulger in their 'Biographical Index of British and Irish Botanists,' 1893, p. 32, say: "Born Kent, c. 1804 d. Brighton (1), 1838." If Mr. Britton has learnt any further particulars, he would possibly reply if a request was addressed to him at the Victoria and Albert Museum, Botanical Department. But the 'Index is so good that it should be better known. S. L. PETTY. VOWEL-SHORTENING (10 S. x. 43). The rule so ingeniously laid down by PROF. SKEAT is not peculiar to English, for it rests on physiology, and is the consequence of the law of mechanics which is called in French "le principe de la moindre action." When a word-generally a monosyllable -is lengthened by the addition of a suffix, there is a tendency to minimize the labour of the voice, and to weaken the exertion at the very beginning of the word. 66 PROF. SKEAT'S list of words is interesting: valuable, I think, chiefly because of its etymological cues;' for very few decently educated people would fail to shorten the vowel instinctively in every word of more baxter even unto than one syllable from zealous." I am a little surprised that nothing was said of “page and "pageant," as the latter is now much in the air, and people of learning are to be heard speaking of I am pageant." aware that PROF. SKEAT has discoursed in The Academy of pageant "; but his valuable remarks would have borne repetition in N. & Q.' 66 ST. SWITHIN. [Reply from SIR HERBERT MAXWELL next week.] HOVE (10 S. ix. 450; x. 14).-I trust I may be allowed, in the interests of scholarship, to protest against the invention of non-existent words dignified by the name of The English examples given by the Pro-" Anglo-Saxon." What would be thought fessor are most edifying, especially to foreigners; for when one speaks a foreign language, there is a tendency to pronounce the same syllable in the same way; and even of a writer who said that hov was a Latin word meaning low-lying," or that stima was a Latin word meaning "brightness"? It would be criminal to utter such inventions In default of information as to the mys; terious Saxon word meaning "low-lying' (in a physical sense) that has any resemblance to Hove, it may be permitted to suggest the precise A.-S. equivalent-hof, given as enclosure, dwelling, temple. The word seems to have died out after the Conquest, excepting its occurrence in Gower as hove-daunce"=Court-dance, though this is probably borrowed from the M.H. German hove-tanz. H. P. L. "STYMIE AT GOLF (10 S. ix. 370, 414, 492; x. 15).—With regard to the concluding paragraph at the last reference it was precisely because my Anglo-Saxon dictionary (Sweet's) contained no such word as stima, gleam, or anything like it, that I penned the query at the first reference, in order to obtain, inferentially, the etymon of stime in the Cursor Mundi' quotation. The latter is the only reference I could find calculated to throw any light on the golf word. H. P. L. X. 66 HUNGARIAN GRAMMAR (10 S. ix. 489; 14).-Trübner published an excellent sketch of the language in his Simplified Grammar Series." Messrs. Williams & Norgate may still supply it. To any one able to read German I can recommend a series "Kunst der Polyglottie," published by Hartleben of Vienna. These grammars are excellent for conversational purposes. Ungarisch,' by F. Görg, would cost about two shillings. Grindleton, Clitheroe. FRED. G. ACKERLEY. TITLES CONFERRED BY CROMWELL (10 S. x. 49). A list of these will be found in vol. ii. of Noble's 'Memoirs of the Protectorate House of Cromwell.' For an exhaustive list of Cromwell's "Other House " or "House of Lords see G. E. C.'s Complete Peerage,' vol. ii. pp. 84-9. For full particulars of Cromwellian baronets see G. E. C.'s 'Complete Baronetage,' vol. iii. pp. 3 to 9. The knights made by both the Protectors, Lowton, Newton-le-Willows. The MS. Journal of the Protectorate House of Lords, in possession of the late Sir Richard Tangye, was published this year for the first time in "The House of Lords' Manuscripts, Vol. IV. (New Series)," which can be obtained from H.M. Stationery Office for 28. 9d. This contains the lists of Cromwell's House of Lords, with mention of the different peers attending the meetings also of the various offices held by them. Upton. R. B. PETER QUIVEL, BISHOP OF EXETER (10 S. x. 30). It is pleasant to find my old friend MR. JAMES DALLAS (for many years an honoured citizen of Exeter) protesting against Mr. R. L. Poole's spelling of this bishop's name. I have looked over a score of creditable authorities, and do not find any of them rendering it Quinel. The Rev. George Oliver, D.D., in his Lives of the Bishops of Exeter' (1861), remarks :— "Peter Quivil was the son of Peter and Helewisa Quivil of Exeter." Prebendary F. C. Hingeston Randolph, in his reproduction of 'The Register of Peter Quivil (A.D. 1280-91),' published in 1889, says in the preface : "Peter Quivil, our thirteenth Bishop, like his Exeter......He was two immediate predecessors, was a native of instituted......to the remote country parish of St. Mullion...... The date of his institution is unknown, but he resigned the benefice in 1262, and John Quivel-doubtless his kinsman— succeeded him." In a foot-note the author adds : "The name does not occur elsewhere in the Registers, and it should be noted that it is there spelt 'Quivel. Was not this, rather than ‘Quivil,' the true spelling?" Harking back to the same learned cleric's rendering of Bishop Bronescombe's Register (A.D. 1257-80), we find the following entry : "Rectors of St. Mullion (Sancti Melani in Kerier, MS.), Master Peter) Quivel, on whose resignation John Quivel, priest, was inst. 7 July, 1262, on the presentation of Sir Philip Basset." Archdeacon Freeman, in his Architectural History of Exeter Cathedral' (1873), invariably renders the Bishop's patronymic SNODGRASS AS A SURNAME (10 S. ix. 427; x. 10, 52).—The story of Thomas Snodgrass of the Madras Service is partially told in Baillie's " History of the Oriental Club,' and at greater length by Sir Charles Lawson in his Memories of Madras.' It has never really been substantiated by reference to the minute-books of the Directors of the East India Company. Most probably it underwent embellishment during the time it was being handed down verbally in the Club. After his retirement Mr. Snodgrass spent a considerable portion of his time in managing charities connected with the mercantile marine. His portrait hangs in the office of the Marine Society in Bishopsgate Street, and is reproduced in the Memories of Madras.' FRANK PENNY. Snodgrass was the name of one of Beau Brummell's butts : to 'The Caledonian' Tavern in Trim Street. There he died in May, 1853, and was laid to his rest in that famous little burial-ground on the heights of Snodgrass, d. 1850, and Robert Snodgrass who Lansdown. In the same graveyard lie Elizabeth d. 1852." In the 1805 Army List Kenneth Snodgrass appears in the list of lieutenants of the 52nd Foot, the immediate senior being Lieut. Wm. Rowan, who (see 9 S. x. 72) married a sister of Mr. Spong, who is believed to have suggested the character of Wardle. and her brothers, Lynedoch and Donald Mrs. Snodgrass (referred to ante, p. 11) Douglas, were often in this neighbourhood, their father having married a Hythe lady, Miss Rachel Andrews. R. J. FYNMORE. are 17 entries to 12 authors of this name: In the British Museum Catalogue there The earliest is John Snodgrass, D.D., theological pamphlets published at Paisley from 1770 to 1796. The next is Gabriel Snodgrass, in a letter to the Directors of the East India Company in 1797. Then comes one with the Christian names of John James, on the Burmese War in 1827. An American preacher, William S., comes next, 1830-40. A Scottish miller, John Snodgrass of Glasgow, follows in 1860 with a work on co-operation. John S., the translator of Heine, is next, 1879-82. Wm. Snodgrass published some medical works between 1893 and 1899; while the latest are reprints of papers, &c., in American scientific journals, 1899-1902. AYEAHR. [CAPT. C. S. HARRIS also refers to Sir C. Lawson's book.] "A gentleman who suffered by his pranks was a Mr. Snodgrass, I believe an F.R.S., and very fond of scientific pursuits; probably the reason [?] why he was singled out by Brummell as a fit and proper object for his fun. Accompanied by several friends, he once knocked up this philosopher at three o'clock on a fine frosty morning; and when, under the impression of his house being on fire, he protruded his body en chemise, and his head in a nightcap, from I know of one case in which an ending PLACE-NAMES IN -OX (10 S. ix. 508).the window, the Beau put the following very interesting question to him:- Pray, sir, is your in -ox is derived from a surname ending name Snodgrass?' 'Yes, sir,' said he, very anxiously, in -ock's; but it does not follow that this 'my name is Snodgrass.' Snodgrass-Snodgrass,' repeated Brummell, a very odd name that, upon mentioned in the query include three which case governs all such endings. The names my soul; a very odd name indeed! But, sir, is your name really Snodgrass?' Here the philosopher, seem to make it probable that they are. with the thermometer below freezing-point, natur derived in this way, e.g., Craddox, i.e., ally got into a towering passion, and threatened to Craddock's (sc. tenement). call the watch; whereupon Brummell walked off with-'Good morning to you, Mr. Snodgrass." Jesse, 'The Life of George Brummell,' 1854, p. 60. R. L. MORETON. 'The Office Window,' Daily Chronicle, 5 April, 1907, contained the following :— "There is no doubt that Charles Dickens when in Bath on a reporting exploit picked up the name of Snodgrass, as he did so much else, immediately afterwards introduced into the pages of 'Pickwick,' writes a correspondent. Alexander Snodgrass was mine host of The Raven,' in Quiet Street, from 1826 (if not earlier) until about 1832, when he moved FRANK PENNY. AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (10 S. ix. 229). The passage sent by AYEAHR, houses: they are intended to give one an Prefaces to books are like signs to public within," inevitably recalls the first chapter idea of the kind of entertainment to be found (Book I.) of 'Tom Jones' :— "As we do not disdain to borrow wit or wisdom from any man who is capable of lending us either, honest victuallers, and shall prefix not only a we have condescended to take a hint from these general bill of fare to our whole entertainment, but shall likewise give the reader particular bills to every course which is to be served up in this and the ensuing volumes." Perhaps some writer has condescended to take a hint from Fielding. Unfortunately no date or reference is added in the query. EDWARD BENSLY. The lines sought by H. H. T. C. (ante, p. 68), We shall see them, we shall know them, in the fullness of the time, In the glorious new creation, in the everlasting clime, 21, Sydney Buildings, Bath. C. BARRON, 19, PALL MALL (10 S. x. 69). In the course of inquiries in connexion with a history of Pall Mall and the Haymarket about a year ago, I ascertained that C. Barron was the founder of the old business of Italian warehousemen and wine-merchants carried on to the present day under the style of A. Cobbett & Son, 18 and 19, Pall Mall. Barron, before this, was a partner in the extremely old Italian warehouse in the Haymarket of Messrs. Barto Valle. An old shopbill of Cobbett's (Mr. Cobbett was related, if distantly, to William Cobbett, the political writer) shows that the firm was known as A. Cobbett & Son so far back as 1846, about which time, or a little before, Barron appears to have established the 66 warehouse.' J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL. X. OXFORD COMMEMORATION IN 1759 (10 S. 6). The Latin-verse writers of the eighteenth century who made the penultimate vowel of Academia short had the authority of Claudian (De Cons. Mall. Theod.,' 94: "In Latium spretis Academia migrat Athenis ") and of Apollonius Sidonius. JOHN B. WAINE WRIGHT. THE 'D.N.B.': ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS (10 S. ix. 182, 231, 272, 313, 372, 410, 473, 516; x. 58).-Ballard, John.-Dr. Venn in his History of Gonville and Caius College,' i. 66, writes: Dr. Edwards, fellow. Assigned the fourth lower cubicle. B.Á. (King's), 1574-5. Doubtless the seminary priest executed for complicity in Babington's plot; as he is described as a Cambridge graduate on his arrival at Douay College, Nov. 27, 1579." Dean, William.—Dr. Venn (op. cit., i. 94) writes as follows, the passages within brackets being my own additions, mainly on the authority of vols. ii. and v. of the Catholic Record Society :— "Deane, William : son of Thomas Deane, mediocris fortunæ. Born at Grassington [in the parish of Linton in Craven], Yorkshire. Schools, Leeds and Clitheroe? (Cletherall'), Lancashire, four years. At Magdalene College two years. Age 20. Admitted pensioner minor, tertii ordinis, Nov. 4, 1577. cubicle with his surety, Mr. R. Assigned a the seminary priest and martyr, described as of Draper, M.A., fellow. Probably [almost certainly] [Linton in Craven,] Yorkshire, [and son of a tenant of Richard Norton, who lost all his lands for his share in the rebellion of 1569], [and, after serving the cure of Monk-Frystone as a Protestant minister, was reconciled to the Church by Thomas Alfield in May or June, 1581, and arrived at the English College at Rheims from Douay July 9, 1581, and was ordained priest Dec. 21, 1581.] Sent to England Jan. 25, 1581/2. [Arrested in London after he had said some six or seven Masses there. Committed to Newgate Feb. 21, 1581/2. Indicted with four other priests Feb. 5, 1583/4; in the Clink April 8, 1584.] Banished [Jan. 21, 1584/5, with nineteen other priests and one layman, being shipped at the Tower Wharf on board the Mary Martin of Colchester. Landed at Boulogne Feb. 2. Returned to Rheims. Started for England again Nov. 21, 1585.] Apprehended and committed to condemned Aug. 22, 1588, as the Gatehouse before March, 1587 8.] Tried and a priest ordained abroad [and coming into, or remaining in, the kingdom contrary to the provisions of 27 Eliz. c. 2.] Executed at Mile End, Aug. 28, 1588. Vir morum gravitate et doctrina conspicuus."" Finglow, John.-Dr. Venn (op. cit., i. 76) writes: 66 Fingley, John: matriculated sizar, Dec. 1573. Born at Barnby, Yorkshire. Afterwards a seminary priest and martyr. Admitted at Douay College, Feb. 13, 1579/80. Ordained sub-deacon Feb. 21, 1580/1; and priest at Rheims by the Bp. of Chalons, March 25, 1581. Sent to England Ap. 24, 1581, and committed to York gaol; tried there; and about the same time as Ed. Osburne. Apprehended hanged and quartered Aug. 8, 1586. He appears to have resided three years or more in college, and his real character seems to have been at once suspected by the fellows. He was at first sizar to Hugh Cressy, and afterwards appointed butler by Dr. Legge, an office usually held by a scholar. He was the subject of violent complaints against the master by the anti-Romish party in college. That the said Finglye was made butler* by the master without * Dr. Venn adds this note: "The butler was a college officer who ranked with the scholars, and should have been appointed, like them, by the master and fellows together." consent of the fellows......that the common rumour was that he did labour to pervert youth secretly.... came very seldom or never to prayer or sermons ......could not be drawn unto them by warning and correction often used by this deponent (H. Paman)* was not sent away by the master, but that, his lewd dealing being detected, he ran away. There was very much speech of a man reported to be said by Fingley in the master's great chamber, and that he was by some suspected to be a priest' (Lansd. 33). There is a reference to him as a priest of God, put into a low prison, into a deep and darksome dungeon' at York (v. Foley, iii. 251; and the 'D.N.B.). For more see Caian, vol. v." ་ Holtby, Richard.-It appears from Dr. Yankee Doodle' with 'All the Way to Galway' I refer MR. MATTHEWS to The Dolphin (Philadelphia) for August, 1905, in which I print both airs, which are practically identical. The Irish characteristics in the oldest printed setting of the air are unmistakable. 2. I am not aware that Dr. Richard Shuckburgh was in America in 1755. If he went over with General Abercrombie, he cannot have reached America till June, 1756. Hence I would conclude that the adaptation of the song was not prior to 1756, though possibly 1755 may be the correct date. 66 was 3. MR. MATTHEWS makes a point of my putting "published 66 for sold by." He admits that The Disappointment printed in 1767, and so agrees with me. SIR MENASSEH MASSEY LOPEZ, BT. (10 S. The name of the author is printed "Andrew ix. 508; x. 96).-MR. SOLOMONS makes a Barton," and as against MR. MATTHEWS, mistake in stating that Mordecai Rodrigues who says that the play was probably not Lopes became a Christian in 1802 with his written by Barton, but by Col. Thomas son Manasseh, the future baronet. He died Forrest, I can quote an excellent authority, a Jew in March, 1796, and his burial is Mr. O. G. Sonneck, of the Library of Conrecorded in the registers of the Spanish gress. Mr. Sonneck says: "The arguments and Portuguese Congregation at Bevis in favour of Forrest's authorship are not Marks as having taken place on at all convincing, and I advise librarians 26 Adar Reson 5556"; his wife Rebecca to enter the libretto under Barton." Pereira is buried next him, having died in May, 1795. Their two daughters-Rachel, widow of Isaac Pereira (d. 1825), and Esther, wife of Abraham Franco (d. 1795)—are buried near them in the same Carreira. Domingo Picciotto in his ' Sketches of Anglo-Jewish History,' p. 304, mentioning the defection of the Lopes family in 1802, makes this same error regarding the elder Lopes. 4. I repeat my statement that 'Kitty Fisher's Jig,' with the " Macaroni" reference, was likely between 1755 and 1760, when Macaronis were in vogue. So convinced 5. If MR. MATTHEWS is of a musical turn, let him compare 'Yankee Doodle' with All the Way to Galway.' He will find the latter tune printed in The Complete Petrie Collection,' ii. No. 849. Ralph Franco, who in 1831 succeeded his was I of the identity of both tunes that I uncle and became the second baronet, was stated without question the Irish origin of baptized at Shipbourne Church, near Ton-Yankee Doodle' in my History of Irish bridge, 17 May, 1801. Music,' p. 247. W. H. GRATTAN FLOOD. Enniscorthy. Possibly in his last days the same yearning came over Sir Manasseh Lopes as in the case of Sampson Gideon, who, after living apart from his people for many years, left a request that he should be buried with them at Mile End. T. COLYER FERGUSSON. Ightham Mote, near Sevenoaks. 'KITTY FISHER'S JIG': 'YANKEE DOODLE' (10 S. ix. 50, 98, 197, 236, 337, 471; X. 50).-MR. ALBERT MATTHEWS apparently confounds the words with the tune of Yankee Doodle.' My immediate concern was with the tune or melody, and I have absolutely no interest in the origin For proof of the identity of of the verses. * This appears to be a misprint for J. Paman. |