112. Feminine bases ini, declined like fa mati, f., ' the mind.' The final of the base is gunated in D. Ab. G. V. sing., N. pl.; lengthened in N. Ac. V. du., Ac. G. pl.; dropped in L. sing. (unless the termination bei); n is inserted in G. pl. Hence the inflective bases mati, matí, mate, mat.

मत्या matyá

मतिभ्याम् matibhyám मतिभिस् matibhis

I.

mati+á. 34.

mati+bhyam

mati+bhis

D.

'मतये mataye or मत्यै *
mate+e. 36. natusi

मतेस mates or मत्यास् *

Ab.

L.

mate+s

- mates or मत्यास * मत्योस् matyos

[ मतौ matau or मत्याम्

mat (i dropped)+au

मत्योस्_matyos

mati+os. 34.

matyos

मती mati

matí (au rejected)

मतीनाम् matinám matí+n+ám

मतिषु matishu

mati+su. 70.

मतयस् matayas

mate+as. 36.

113. Feminine bases inu, declined like dhenu, f., a milch cow.'

The inflective base varies as in the last.

'धेनवे dhenave or धेन्वे +

D.

dheno+e. 36.

J धेनोस् dhenos or धेन्वास्+

Ab.

dheno+s

* The D. may also be matyai; the Ab. and G. matyás; the L. matyám.

† The D. may also be dhenvai; the Ab. and G. dhenvás; and the L. dhenvám.

dhenvos

dhenú (au rejected)

114. (D.) Neuter bases ini, declined like fe vári, n., 'water'

(Lat. mare).

The base inserts n before the vowel-terminations, and the final is lengthened in N. Ac. pl. Hence the inflective bases vári, várí.

115. Neuter bases in u, declined like y madhu, n., 'honey' (uév).

The inflective base varies as in the last.

वारिणी varini

vári+n+í. 58.

várí+n+i

116. Neuter nouns in i and u follow the analogy of nouns in in at 159, except in G. plur. and V. sing. n., 'summit,' substitutes, according to r. 108. e.

117. Although there are not many substantives declined like agni and vári (81), yet nouns like mati are numerous (81. V). Moreover, adjectives like śući, and compound adjectives ending in i, are declined like agni in the masc.; like mati in the fem.; and like vári in the neuter.

118. Again, although there are but few substantives declined like dhenu and madhu, yet it is important to study their declension, as well as that of the masc. noun bhánu; for all simple adjectives like tanu, and all like pipásu (82), and all other simple adjectives in u, and all compound adjectives ending in u, are declined like bhánu in the masc.; dhenu in the fem.; and madhu in the neut.

a. Many adjectives in u, however, either optionally or necessarily follow the declension of nadí in the fem.; as, tanu, 'thin,' makes its nom. fem. either tanus or tanví; ч, ́tender,' makes nom. f. ↑ mṛidví; and ŋT, ‘heavy,' makes Jeff gurví: and some optionally lengthen the u in the feminine; as, bhíru, timid,' makes fem. for, declinable like nouns in ú, 125.

119. When feminine nouns ending in i and u are taken to form the last member of a compound adjective, they must be declined like agni in the masc., and vári in the neut. Thus the compound adjective alpa-mati, ‘narrow-minded,' in the acc. plur. masc. would be alpa-matín; fem. alpa-matís; neut. alpa-matíni. Similarly, a inasc. or neut. noun, as the last member of a compound, may take the feminine form.

a. Although adjectives in i and u are declined like vári and madhu for the neuter, yet in the D. Ab. G. L. sing., and in the G. L. du., they may optionally follow the masculine form: thus the adjectives śući and tanu will be, in the D. sing.

neut., शुचिने

or

शुचये, तनुने or तनवे ; and so with the other cases.

120. There are some useful irregular nouns ini, declined as follows: af m. — a friend :’N. सखा, सखायौ, सखायम्; Ac. सखायं, सखायौ, मखीन्; 1. सख्या, सखिभ्यां, &c.; D. सख्ये, &c. ; Ab. सख्युस्, &c. ; G. सख्युस्, सख्योस्, &c.; L. सख्यौ, &c.; V. aà, aal, &c. Hence it appears that sakhi in some cases assumes the memorial terminations at 91 more regularly than agni. In the rest it follows agni. qf m. a master,' 'lord' (óσs), when not used in a compound word, follows sakhi at 120 in I. D. Ab. G. L. sing. (thus, I. 4, D. Trà, Ab. G. чga, L.); in the other cases, agni. But this word is generally found at the end of a compound, and then follows agni throughout (thus, f by the lord of the earth').

121.

122. A few neuter nouns, fn. a bone' (doтév), fan. ' an eye' (oculus, kés), afa n. a thigh,' f n. curd,' drop their final i in I. sing. and remaining weak or vowel-cases, and are declined in those cases as if derived from obsolete forms in an; such as we, &c. (compare 149): thus, N. V. Ac. afe, afæri, waifa; 1. अस्थना, अस्थिभ्यां, &c.; D. अस्पने, अस्थिभ्यां, &c. ; Ab. अस्पनस्, &c. ; G. sega, vegia, veni; L. wefa or wefa, amaia, afwy.

Hence, according to 58, fakshi will make in I. sing. I; in D. W&T, &c.

Nouns ending in ई 1 and ऊ पं.

We have already shewn that feminine bases of more than one syllable ending in í, generally derived from masculines or forming the feminines of numerous adjectives and participles, are declined like nudi at 106 : thus, नदी 'an actress,' पुत्री 'a daughter,' देवी 'a goddess,' सखी 'a female friend,' नारी ' a woman,' व्याघ्री ' a tigress, धनिनी or धनवती ' a rich woman' and numerous others all follow nadi.

123. There are a few common monosyllabic words in long ई1 primitively feminine, (i. e. not derived from masculine substantives, see nadi and putrí at 80, XXV, and not the feminine forms of adjectives or participles, 80. XII. &c.,) whose declension must be noticed separately. They vary from the declension of नदी (106) by forming the nom. with, and using the same form for the voc., and by changing the final { to iy before the vowel-terminations: thus, श्री f. prosperity :' N. V. श्रीस्, श्रियौ, श्रियस्; Ac. श्रियं त्रियौ, श्रियम; I. श्रिया, श्रीभ्यां श्रीभिस; D. श्रिये or श्रियै, श्रीभ्यां श्रीभ्यस्; Ab. श्रियस् or श्रियास्, श्रीभ्यां श्रीभ्यस्; G. श्रियस् श्रियास, श्रियोस्, श्रियां or श्रीणां ; L. श्रियि or त्रियां, श्रियोस, श्रीषु.

a. Similarly are declined भी f. 'fear, ' ही f. shame' and घी f. ' understanding : ' thus, N. V. भीस्, भियौ, भियस्; Ac. भियं, &c. ; I. भिया, &c.; D. भिये or भियै, &c. b. स्त्री f. ‘a woman, follows नदी in N. V. sing., and varies also in other respects from श्री ; thus, N. स्त्री, स्त्रियौ, स्त्रियस्; V. स्त्रि, स्त्रियौ, स्त्रियम ; Ac. स्त्रों or ; स्त्रियं, स्त्रियौ, स्त्रीस् or स्त्रियस् ; I. स्त्रिया, स्त्रीभ्यां स्त्रीभिस् ; D. स्त्रियै, स्त्रीभ्यां स्त्रीभ्यस् ; Ab. स्त्रियास्, स्त्रीभ्यां, स्त्रीभ्यस्; G. स्त्रियास्, स्त्रियोस्, स्त्रीणां ; L. स्त्रियां, स्त्रियोस, स्त्रीपु. As the last member of a compound adjective, it shortens its final, and in some of its cases follows ayni and mati; eg . अतिस्त्रि m. f. n. 'surpassing a woman :' N. masc. -स्त्रिम्, -स्त्रियौ, स्त्रयस्; Ac. -स्त्रिं or -स्त्रियं -स्त्रियौ, -स्त्रीन or -स्त्रियस; I. -स्त्रिणा,-स्त्रिभ्यां, &c.; D. -स्त्रये, &c.; Ab. -स्त्रेस्, &c. G. - स्त्रेस्, -स्त्रियोस्, -स्त्रीणां; L. -tat, &c.; V. -, &c. The fem. form is like the masc., but Ac. pl. -स्त्रियस्; I. -स्त्रिया; D. - स्त्रियै or -स्त्रये ; Ab. - स्त्रियास् or -स्त्रेस्, &c. For neut.,

see 126.

124. There are a few primitively feminine words not monosyllabic, such as लक्ष्मी ‘the goddess of prosperity,' तन्त्री 'a lute-string,' तरी 'a boat,' which, like श्री, take s in the nom. sing., but in other respects follow नदी; thus, N. लक्ष्मीस्, लक्ष्म्यौ, लष्क्ष्म्यस्; Ac. लक्ष्मी, &c. ; V. लक्ष्मि. But गौरी f. the brilliant (goddess),’ as a derivative fem. noun, is N. sing. गौरी.

125. Feminine nouns, not monosyllabic, ending in long ऊú, like वधू' a wife,’ are declined analogously to primitively feminine nouns of more than one syllable, ending in ई i, i. e. like लक्ष्मी, they follow the analogy of nadi except in N. sing., where s is retained. In the other casesú becomes v, whereverí is changed to y (see 34): thus, N. वधूम, वध्र्वौ, वध्वस; Ac. वधूं, बध्र्वौ, वधूस; 1. वध्वा, वधूभ्यां,

वधूभिस्; D. वध्वै, वधूभ्यां वधूभ्यस् ; Ab. वध्वास्, वधूभ्यां वधूभ्यस् ; G. वध्वास्, वध्वोस्, वधूनां; L. वध्वां, वध्वोस्, वधूषु; V. वधु, वध्वौ, वध्वस्. Similarly, चमू f. ‘a host ;'

a. Again, monosyllabic words in ú primitively feminine are declined analogously tof. at 123; ú being changed to uv, wherever í is changed to iy: thus, f. — the earth :’N. V. भूस्, भुवौ, भुवस; Ac. भुवं भुवी, भुवस्; I. भुवा, भूभ्यां भूभिस् ; D. भुवे or भुवै, भूभ्यां, भूभ्यस् ; Ab. भुवस् or भुवास्, भूभ्यां, भूभ्यस्; G. भुवस् or भुवास्, भुवोस्, भुवां or भूनां; L. भुवि or भुवां, भुवोस्, भूपु . Similarly, भ्रू f. ‘the eye-brow’ (öppús); N. V. yƑ, y, y, &c. Observe-The voc. is like the nom.

126. Roots of one syllable ending in í and ú, used as masc. or fem. nouns, follow the declension of monosyllabic words in í and ú, such as at 123 and at 125. a; but in the D. Ab. G. L. sing., G. pl., they take only the first inflection: thus, m. f., ‘one who buys,' makes D. f only for m. and f., and ♬ m. f., ‘a reaper,’ makes D.

only for m. and f.

a. The same generally holds good if they have adjectives prefixed to them: thus, परमक्री m. f. ‘the best buyer' (N. V. - क्रीस्, -क्रियौ, क्रियस्; Ac. - क्रियं, &c.).

b. And when they are compounded with another noun as a dependent or subordinate term they generally change their final í and ú to y and v, before vowel-terminations, and not to iy and uv (unless í and ú are preceded by a double consonant, as in a buyer of barley'), thus conforming more to the declension of polysyllables; e. g. (for RM41) m. f., 'a water-drinker,' makes N. V. î¤, जलपी ‘a ♬‹¤, - पौ, प्यस्; Ac. जलप्यं, प्पौ - प्यस्; I. जलप्पा, - पीभ्यां, &c.; D. जलप्पे, &c. ; Ab. जलप्यस्, &c.; G. जलप्यस्, - प्योस्, &c.; L. जलम्पि (in opposition to r. 31. a), &c. So also, m. f. ‘a sweeper: N. V. M, -i, -w; Ac. &, &c.; I. खलम्वा,&c.; L. खलध्वि, &c. : and सुलू'one who cuts well ;' N.V. सुलूस्, -ल्वो, -स्वस्. c. Similarly, वर्षभू m. f. ‘a frog,'

nail,' m. f. born again' (N. V. पुनर्भू

खलपूस्,

m. a thunderbolt,'m. ‘a finger

; Ac. -, &c.; I.; D. -✈; Ab.

G.-,-f. But if the sense is limited to a distinct female object, as a virgin widow remarried,' the D. will be; Ab. G. -; L. -, like Tч).

सेनानी

d. Similarly also, m. a general,' m. f. the chief of a village;' but these, like, take ám for the termination of the L. sing. even in the masc.: thus, N. V. सेनानीस्, न्यौ, न्यस्; Ac. -न्यं, &c. ; I. - न्या;

ty, &c. This applies also to the simple noun final becomes iy before vowel-terminations.

L. सेनान्यां, सेनान्योस्, m. f. ‘a leader,' but the

e. But and m. 'self-existent,' as a name of Brahmá, follow at 125. a, taking only the first inflections: thus, D.; Ab. -YTA, &c. f. Masculine non-compounds in í and ú of more than one syllable, like 'who drinks' or 'cherishes,' 'the sun,'m. a Gandharba,' follow

t m. and

at 126. b, except in Ac. sing. and plur.: thus, N. V. q, quì, qua; Ac. पप, पप्पौ, पपीन्; and in L. sing. the final í combines with the i of the termination into û (31. a), not into gi thus, L. sing. पपी (but हूहि from हूहू). Again, वातप्रमी m., ‘an antelope' (surpassing the wind), as a compound, may follow; but

M