used as are equivalent to four instants; and of this kind are the dactyl (— ~ ~), the spondee (--), the anapæst (-), the amphibrach (~~), and the proceleusmaticus (~~~~); any one of which may be employed.
Each line consists of seven and a half feet; and each foot contains four instants, excepting the 6th of the second line, which contains only one, and is therefore a single short syllable. Hence there are 30 instants in the first line, and 27 in the second. The half-foot at the end of each line is generally, but not always, a long syllable; the 6th foot of the first line must be either an amphibrach or proceleusmaticus; and the 1st, 3d, 5th, and 7th feet must not be amphibrachs. The cæsura commonly takes place at the end of the 3d foot in each line, and the measure is then sometimes called Pathya. The following are a few examples:
973. The Udgíti metre only differs from the Arya in inverting the lines, and placing the short line, with 27 instants, first in order.
974. There are three other varieties:-In the Upagíti, both lines consist of 27 instants; in the Gíti, both consist of 30 instants; and in the Aryágíti, of 32.
OBSERVE-The numbers refer to the number of the rule.
Arya, a kind of metre, 972.
Kryágíti, a kind of metre, 974.
Ashți, a kind of metre, 952.
Atidhriti, a kind of metre, 959-
Atijagatí, a kind of metre, 944.
Atikṛiti, a kind of metre, 964.
Atisakvarí, a kind of metre, 950.
Atmane-pada, 243, 786.
Atyashți, a kind of metre, 953.
Augmenta, 260, 260. a. b.
Avyayí-bháva compounds, 760.
Bahu-vrihi compounds, 761.
Base, of nouns, 74, 77; formation of
base of nouns, 79, 80-87; inflection
of, 88-183; of verbs, 244; formation
of the base of verbs, 256-517-
Benedictive, 242; terminations of, 246;
formation of the base of, 442; syntax
of, 890.
Cardinals, 198; declension of, 200.
Cases of nouns, 90.
Causal verbs, 479; terminations of, 480;
formation of the base of, 481; passive
form of, 496; syntax of, 847.
Candra-vindu, 7-
Classes, of nouns, 79; of verbs, see Con-
jugation.
Classification of letters, 18.
Collective or Dvigu compounds, 759;
nouns, 80. XII. XXIII.
Combination (euphonic) of vowels, 27;
of consonants, 39; of the finals of
verbal bases with terminations, 296.
Comparative degree, 191, 194; syntax
of, 829.
Comparison, degrees of, 191, 192; syntax
of, 829.
Complex compounds, 770.
Compound consonants, 5.
Compound verbs, 782, 787.
Compound words, 733-737; Tat-puru-
sha or Dependent, 739; Dvandva or
Copulative (Aggregative), 746; Kar-
ma-dháraya or Descriptive (Determi-
native), 755; Dvigu or Numeral Col-
lective), 759; Avyayí-bháva or Ad-
verbial (Indeclinable), 760; Bahu-
vríhi or Relative, 761; Complex, 770;
Anomalous, 777; changes undergone
by certain words at the end of, 778.
Conditional, 242; terminations of, 246,
247; formation of the base of, 456;
syntax of, 891.
Conjugational tenses, 241, 248.
Conjugations of verbs, summary of, 249;
three groups of, 257; first group of,
259; second and third groups of, 290.
1st conj., 261; examples, 587: 2d
conj., 307; examples, 644: 3d conj.,
330; examples, 662: 4th conj., 272;
examples, 612 5th conj., 349; exam-
ples, 675: 6th conj., 278; examples,
625: 7th conj., 342; examples, 667:
8th conj., 353; examples, 682: 9th
conj., 356; examples, 686: 10th conj.,
283; examples, 638.
Conjunction (euphonic), see Combina-
Conjunctions, 727; syntax of, 912.
Consonants, I; method of writing, 4;
compound, 5; pronunciation of, 12;
combination of, 39.
Copulative compounds, see Dvandva.
Crude form or base, 77.
Dandaka, a kind of metre, 964.
Declension; general observations, 88;
of nau, a ship,' 94; of 1st class of
nouns in a, á, í, 103–109; of 2d
class in i, 110, 112, 114; of 3d class
in u, 111, 113, 115; of nouns in í
and ú, 123–126; of 4th class in ṛi,
127-130; of 5th class in t and d,
136-145; of 6th class in an and in,
146-162; of 7th class in as, is, and
us, 163-171; of 8th class in any
other consonant, 172-183.
Degrees of comparison, 191, 192; syntax
of, 829.
Demonstrative pronouns, 223.
Dependent compounds, 739-745-
Derivative verbs, 460.
Descriptive compounds or Karma-dhá-
raya, 755.
Desiderative verbs, 498; terminations
of, 499; formation of the base, 500;
causal form of, 506; nouns, 80. XXII;
adjectives, 82, III.
Determinative compounds, see Descrip-
tive.
Deva-nágarí alphabet, 1.
Dhriti, a kind of metre, 957.
Dvandva compounds, 746.
Dvigu compounds, 759.
Euphonic combination of vowels, 27;
of consonants, 39.
Examples of verbs, see Conjugations.
First preterite, 241, p. 121; terminations
of, 246, 247; formation of base of,
260, 261, 272, 278, 283, 307, 330, 342,
349, 353, 356; syntax of, 884.
Frequentative verbs, 507; Atmane-pada
frequentatives, 509; Parasmai-pada
frequentatives, 514; nouns, 80. XXII.
Future, first and second, 386; termina-
tions of, 246, 247; formation of the
base of, 388; syntax of, 886, 887-
Gáyatrí, a kind of metre, 965, 966.
Genders of nouns, 89.
Gíti, a kind of metre, 974.
Guna change of vowels, 27, 28, 29; roots
forbidding Guna, 390.
Hard consonants, 18. a. b, 20.b, 39.
i, rejected from itha in 2d sing. per-
fect, 370: roots ending in vowels
inserting i, 392; rejecting i, 394;
optionally inserting or rejecting i,
395 roots ending in consonants in-
serting i, 399; rejecting i, 400; option-
ally inserting or rejecting i, 415.
Imperative, 241, p. 121; terminations
of, 246, 247; formation of the base of,
261, 272, 278, 283, 307, 330, 342, 349,
353, 356; syntax of, 882.
Imperfect tense, see First preterite.
Indeclinable compounds, 760.
Indeclinable words, 712; syntax of, 912.
Indefinite pronouns, 228.
Indicative mood, 241, p. 121.
Infinitive, 458; formation of the base of,
459; syntax of, 867; Vedic, 459. a,
867. b.
Intensive verb, see Frequentative.
Interjections, 732; syntax of, 926.
Interrogative pronouns, 227.
Jagatí, a kind of metre, 941.
Karma-dháraya compounds, 755.
Kriti, a kind of metre, 961.
Let, the Vedic mood, 241. a, 891. a.
Letters, 1; classification of, 18; euphonic
combination of, 27.
Metre, schemes of, 935.
Monoptotes, 712.
Moods, 241, 242. a.
Multitude, nouns of, 80. XII. XXIII.
Nágarí alphabet, 1.
Nominal verbs, 518-523.
Nouns, formation of base of, 74; de-
clension of, see Declension; syntax
of, 802.
Numbers, of nouns, 91; of verbs, 243.
Numerals, 198-215; syntax of, 206,
835; compounded, 759.
Numerical symbols, 216.
Optative, see Potential or Benedictive.
Ordinals, 208.
Pada or voice, 243; restriction of, 786,
Parasmai-pada, 243, 786.
Parsing, exercises in, 930.
Participial nouns of agency, 579.
Participles, present, 524, 526; past
passive, 530; past active, 553; of
the perfect, 554; past indeclinable,
555; adverbial indeclinable, 567; fu-
ture passive, 568; of the 2d future,
578; syntax of, 892.
Particles, 717.
Passive voice, 243. a, 253; passive
verbs, 461; terminations of, 462;
formation of the base of, 463; ex-
amples of, 700.
Patronymics, 80. XII. 81. VI.
Perfect, see Second preterite.
Persons of the tenses, 244.
Possessive adjectives, 84. I. II. p. 62,
85. VI. VII; pronouns, 231.
Potential, 241, p. 121; terminations of,
246, 247; formation of the base of,
261, 272, 278, 283, 307, 330, 342, 349,
353, 356; syntax of, 879.
Prakriti, a kind of metre, 962.
Precative, see Benedictive.
Prepositions, 729, 783; syntax of, 916.
Present, 241, p. 121; terminations of,
246, 247; formation of the base of,
261, 272, 278, 283, 307, 330, 342, 349,
353, 356; syntax of, 873.
Preterite, see First preterite, Second
preterite, Third preterite.
Pronominals, 236, 240.
Pronouns, 217; syntax of, 836.
Pronunciation, of vowels, 11; of conso-
nants, 12.
Prosody, 935-
Reduplication, rules for, 330, 331, 367.
Relative pronouns, 226; compounds,761.
Root, 74, 75
Sakvarí, a kind of metre, 948.
Sandhi, rules of, see Combination.
San-kriti, a kind of metre, 964.
Second preterite, 364; syntax of, 885.
Soft letters, 18. a, 20. b, 39.
Sonant letters, 18. a. b, 20. b, 39.
Strong cases explained, 135. a.
Strong forms in verbal terminations,
246. c.
Superlative degree, 191, 192.
Surd consonants, 18. a. b, 20. b, 39.
Symbols, 6.
Syntax, 794.
Tables of verbs, 583.
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