Imatges de pàgina
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↑ Cakrivas is added to yojayán for the participle of the perfect Parasmai, and ćakrána for that of the perfect Atmane.

PARASMAI-PADA (see 327).

584. Note, that although this root belongs to the 2d class, its inflection is exhibited here, both because it is sometimes used as an auxiliary, and because it is desirable that the student should study its inflection at the same time with that of the other substantive verb bhú, to be,' which will follow at 585, and which supplies many of the defective tenses of . Two other roots in Sanskrit are sometimes employed as substantive verbs, with the sense to be,' viz. stand' (see 269, 587), and T 2d c. to sit' (see 317. a). Indeed, the root here inflected, is probably only an abbreviation of A ás.

1st c. to as,

All the cognate languages have two roots similar to the Sanskrit for the substantive verb 'to be.' Compare pu and ao (eo) in Greek, es (sum) and fu (fui) in Latin; and observe how the different parts of the Sanskrit verbs correspond to the Greek and Latin: thus, asmi, asi, asti; èμμí, èooi, èotí; sum, es, est. Compare also santi with sunt; ástam, ástám, with σTOY, HOTηy; ásma, ásta, with oμev,

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आसिवहे asirahe आसिम हे dsimahe

Afaчásishé

Mara ásáthe

farà ásidhve'

आसाते ásáte

आसिरे ásire

gra ása afe asica आसिम ásima | आसे áse आसियásitha आसथुम ásathus सास ása आस àsa आसतुम् úsátus आसुस् ásus आसे dse Observe-The root as, 'to be,' has no derivative forms, and only two participles, viz. those of the present, Parasmai and Atmane, sat, sána (see 524, 526). The conjugational tenses have an Atmane-pada, which is not used unless the root is compounded with prepositions. In this Padah is substituted for the root in 1st sing. pres., and ☎s is dropped before dh in 2d plur.: thus, Pres. he, se, ste; svahe, sáthe, sáte; smahe, dhre, sate: Impf. ási, ásthás, ásta; ásvahi, ásáthám, ásátám; ásmahi, ádhram, ásata: Pot. síya, síthás, síta ; sívahi, síyáthám, síyátám; símahi, sídhram, síran: Impv. asai, sva, stám; asávahai, sáthám, sátám; asámahai, dhvam, satám: see 327.

The perfect of as is not used by itself, but is employed in forming the perfect of causals and some other verbs, see 385, 490; in which case the Atmane may be used. The other tenses of as are wanting, and are supplied from bhú at 585

GROUP I. CLASS I.

EXAMPLES OF PRIMITIVE VERBS OF THE FIRST CONJUGATIONAL CLASS, EXPLAINED AT 261.

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भविष्यामि bhavishyāmi भविष्यावस् bhavishyavas भविष्यामस् bhavishyamas

भविष्यथस् bhavishyathas भविष्यथ bhavishyatha

भविष्यसि bhavishyasi

भविष्यति bhavishyati

भविष्यतस bhavishyatas

भविष्यन्ति bhavishyanti

Aorist or third preterite, 'I was' or 'had been' &c.

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अभविष्यत abhavishyata

अभविष्यम् abhavishyas अभविष्यतम् abhavishyatam अभविष्यत् abhavishyat अभविष्यताम् abhavishyatám अभविष्यन् 'abhavishyan

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Aorist or third preterite, 'I was' or 'had been,' &c.

अभविष्महि abharishmahi

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भविषीष्ठास् bhavishishthis

भविषीष्ट bharvishishta

अभविष्ये abharishye

भविषीयास्थाम् bhavishyasthám भविषीध्वम् (दूं) bharishidhram भविषीयास्ताम् bhavishiyástám भविषीरन् bhavishiran

Conditional, (If) 'I should be,' &c.

अभविष्पथास abhavishyathús अभविष्येथाम् abhavishyetham सभविष्यध्वम् abharishyadhram

अभविष्यावहि abhavishyürahi अभविष्यामहि abhavishyámahi

अभविष्यत abhavishyata

अभविष्येताम् abhavishyetam

अभविष्यन्त abhavishyanta

Passive (461), Pres.,, &c.; Aor. 3d sing. (475) aifa. Causal (479), Pres. xaqifa, qufa, &c.; Aor. (492) fi, &c. Desiderative (498), Pres. qua, f, &c. Desiderative form of Causal (497) faafquifa, &c. Frequentative (507), Pres.,

anifa or analfa *. Participles, Pres. (524); Past pass. (531) ; Past indecl. भूत्वा (556), -भूय (559) ; Fut. pass. भवितव्य (569), भवनीय (570), भाव्य or भव्य ( 571 ).

EXAMPLES OF OTHER VERBS OF THE FIRST CLASS IN THE ORDER OF THEIR FINAL LETTERS.

Par. stands for Parasmai; Atm. for Atmane; Impf. for Imperfect; Impv.for

Imperative.

587. Root 1. Inf. to stand' (269, 269. a). Par. and Atm. Pres. fagıfa, fagfu, fagfa; fagreu, fagya, fagna; fag, fagy,

*These derivative verbs will be inflected at full at 703, 705, 706, 707.

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