Jounting, and furnished with a sword and lance, he | the narrow seas, they into the main Ocean; and thus proceeded to destroy the Idols. The crowd, seeing the ashes of Wickliffe are the emblem of his doctrine, this, thought him mad- he however halted not, but, which now is dispersed all the world over.”—FULLER. approaching, he profaned the Temple, casting against "The Church History of Britain." - Book IV. it the lance which he had held in his hand, and, exulting in acknowledgment of the worship of the true God, he ordered his companions to pull down the Temple, with all its enclosures. The place is shown where those idols formerly stood, not far from York, at the source of the river Derwent, and is at this day called Gormund Gaham, ubi pontifex ille, inspirante Deo vero, polluit ac destruxit eas, quas ipse sacraverat aras." The last expression is a pleasing proof that the venerable Monk of Wearmouth was familiar with the Doetry of Virgil.

comely a father as one might lightly behold. *
Then they brought a fagotte, kindled with fire, and
laid the same downe at Dr. Ridley's feete. To whom
M. Latimer spake in this manner, 'Bee of good com-
fort, master Ridley, and play the man: wee shall this
day light such a candle by God's grace in England, as
I trust shall never bee put out.""-Fox's Acts, &c.
Similar alterations in the outward figure and de-
portment of persons brought to like trial were not un-
common. See note to the above passage in Dr. Words-
worth's Ecclesiastical Biography, for an example in an
humble Welsh fisherman.

Note 21, p. 361.

Among the benifits arising, as Mr. Coleridge has well observed, from a Church Establishment of endow

"The gift exalting, and with playful smile." "On foot they went, and took Salisbury in their way, purposely to see the good Bishop, who made Mr.ments corresponding with the wealth of the Country Hooker sit at his own table: which Mr. Hooker boast ed of with much joy and gratitude when he saw his mother and friends; and at the Bishop's parting with him, the Bishop gave him good counsel, and his benediction, but forgot to give him money; which when the Bishop had considered, he sent a Servant in all haste to call Richard back to him, and at Richard's return, the Bishop said to him, 'Richard, I sent for you back to lend you a horse which hath carried me many a mile, and I thank God with much ease,' and presently delivered into his hand a walking-staff, with which he professed he had travelled through many parts of Germany; and he said, Richard, I do not give, but lend you my horse; be sure you be honest, and bring my horse back to me at your return this way to Oxford. And I do now give you ten groats to bear your charges to Exeter; and here is ten groats more, which I charge you to deliver to your mother, and tell her, I send her a Bishop's benediction with it, and beg the continuance of her prayers for me. And if you bring my horse back to me, I will give you ten groats more to carry you on foot to the college; and so God bless you, good Richard.'"- -See Walton's Life of Richard Hooker.

Note 22, p. 362.
"Laud."

In this age a word cannot be said in praise of Laud, or even in compassion for his fate, without incurring a charge of bigotry; but, fearless of such imputation, I concur with Hume, "that it is sufficient for his vindication to observe, that his errors were the most excusable of all those which prevailed during that zealous period." A key to the right understanding of those parts of his conduct that brought the most odium upon him in his own time, may be found in the following passage of his speech before the Bar of the House of Peers: "Ever since I came in place, I have laboured nothing more, than that the external publick worship of God, so

to which it belongs, may be reckoned, as eminently important, the examples of civility and refinement which the Clergy, stationed at intervals, afford to the whole people. The established Clergy in many parts of England have long been, as they continue to be, the principal bulwark against barbarism, and the link which unites the sequestered Peasantry with the intellectual advancement of the age. Nor is it below the dignity of the subject to observe, that their Taste, as acting upon rural Residences and scenery, often furnishes models which Country Gentleinen, who are more at liberty to follow the caprices of Fashion, might profit by. The precincts of an old residence must be treated by Ecclesiastics with respect, both from prudence and necessity. I remember being much pleased, some years ago, at Rose Castle, the rural Seat of the See of Carlisle, with a style of Garden and Architecture, which, if the place had belonged to a wealthy Layman, would no doubt have been swept away. A Parsonage-house generally stands not fur from the Church; this proximity imposes favourable restraints, and sometimes suggests an affecting union of the accommodations and elegancies of life with the outward signs of piety and mortality. With pleasure I recall to mind a happy instance of this in the Residence of an old and much valued Friend in Oxfordshire. The house and Church stand parallel to each other, at a small distance; a circular lawn, or rather grass-plot, spreads between them; shrubs and trees curve from each side of the Dwelling, veiling, but not hiding, the Church. From the front of this Dwelling, no part of the Burial-ground is seen; but, as you wind by the side of the Shrubs towards the Steeple-end of the Church, the eye catches a single, small, low, monumental headstone, moss-grown, sinking into, and gently inclining towards, the earth. Advance, and the Church-yard, populous and gay with glittering Tombstones, opens upon the view. This humble, and beautiful Parsonage called forth a tribute, for which see p. 228.

ADDITIONAL NOTES.

structed.

Quanto præstantius esset
Numen aquæ viridi si margine clauderet undas
Herba

alight on the handle of the spade when his hand is half road that runs along its eastern margin had been con upon it this I have seen. And under my own roof I nave witnessed affecting instances of the creature's friendly visits to the chainbers of sick persons, as de>cribed in the verses to the Redbreast, page 127. One of these welcome intruders used frequently to roost upon a nail in the wall, from which a picture had hung, and was ready, as morning came, to pipe his song in the hearing of the invalid, who had long been confined to her room. These attachments to a particular person, when marked and continued, used to be reckoned ominous; but the superstition is passing away.

Page 237.

"At Furness Abbey."

[The subject of these four sonnets (Nos. XXII. to XXV.), was also handled by the author in his "Two Letters on the Kendal and Windermere Railway" published in the "Morning Post," (London,) and afterwards reprinted in a pamphlet, in 1845. The following is an extract from the second letter:

"It will be felt, by those who think with me on this occasion, that I have been writing on behalf of a social condition which no one, who is competent to judge of it, will be willing to subvert; and that I have been endeavouring to support moral sentiments and intellectual pleasures of a high order against an enmity which seems growing more and more formidable every day; I mean Utilitarianism,' serving as a mask for cupidity and gambling speculations. My business with this evil lies in its reckless mode of action by Railwaysits favourite instruments. Upon good authority, I have been told that there was lately an intention of driving one of these pests, as they are likely too often to prove, through a part of the magnificent ruins of Furness Abbey an outrage which was prevented by some one pointing out how easily a deviation might be made; and the hint produced its due effect upon the engineer.

---

now

As it once was, and fringed with wood, instead of the breastwork of bare wall that now confines it. In the same manner has the beauty, and still more the sublimity of many Pusses in the Alps been injuriously

affected."

After citing the sonnet entitled "Steamboats, Viaducts and Railways," written some years before, and contained in the "Poems Suggested during a Tour in 1833," to show that he was "far from undervaluing the benefit to be expected from railways in their legitimate application," the writer concluded as follows:

"I have now done with the subject. The time of

life at which I have arrived may, I trust, if nothing else will, guard me from the imputation of having written from any selfish interest, or from fear of disturbance which a railway might cause to myself. If gratitude for what repose and quiet in a district hitherto, for the most part, not disfigured but beautified by human hands, have done for me through the course of a long life, and hope that others might be benefited in the same manner and in the same country, be selfishness; then, indeed, but not otherwise, I plead guilty to the charge. Nor have I opposed this undertaking on account of the inhabitants of the district merely, but as hath been intimated, for the sake of every one, however humble his condition, who coming hither shall bring with him an eye to perceive, and a heart to feel and worthily to enjoy. And as for holiday pastimes, if a scene is to be chosen suitable to them, for persons thronging from a distance, it may be found elsewhere at less cost of every kind. But, in fact, we have too much hurrying about in these islands; much for idle pleasure, and more from over-activity in the pursuit of wealth, without regard to the good or happiness of others."-H. R.]

occasions:

Page 239.

"Dumfries, August, 1803. "On our way to the church-yard where Burns is buried, we were accompanied by a bookseller, who showed us the outside of Burns's house, where he had lived the last three years of his life, and where he died.

"Sacred as that relic of the devotion of our ancestors deserves to be kept, there are temples of Nature-temples built by the Almighty, which have a still higher claim to be left unviolated. Almost every reach of the The following is extracted from the journal of my winding vales in this district might once have pre- fellow-traveller, to which, as persons acquainted with sented itself to a man of imagination and feeling under my poems will know, I have been obliged on other that aspect; or, as the Vale of Grasmere appeared to the Poet Gray, more than seventy years ago. No flaring gentleman's house,' says he, nor garden-walls, break in upon the repose of this little unsuspected paradise, but all is peace,' &c., &c. Were the poet now living, how would he have lamented the probable intrusion of a railway, with its scarifications, its intersections, It has a mean appearance, and is in a bye situation; the its noisy machinery, its smoke, and swarms of pleasure- front whitewashed; dirty about the doors, as mut hunters, most of them thinking that they do not fly fast Scotch houses are; flowering plants in the window. enough through the country which they have come to Went to visit his grave; he lies in a corner of the see. Even a broad highway may, in some places, church-yard, and his second son, Francis Wallace, begreatly impair the characteristic beauty of the country, side him. There is no stone to mark the spot; but a as will be readily acknowledged by those who remem- hundred guineas have been collected to be expended ber what the Lake of Grasmere was before the new upon some sort of monument. There,' said the book

selier, pointing to a pompous monument, 'lies Mr.

have forgotten the name)-a remarkably clever man; he was an attorney, and scarcely ever lost a cause he undertook. Burns made many a lampoon upon him, and there they rest as you see.' We looked at Burns's grave with melancholy and painful reflections, repeating to each other his own poet's epitaph:—

Is there a man,' &c.

here and elsewhere quoted, was the poet's sister, whose genius and influence upon his character have been partly made known by the Tintern Abbey Lines, and now will become more so by his beautiful tributes of gratitude to her in "The Prelude," particularly in Book XI., and in the fine passage in Book XIV., beginning:

Page 253.

"Child of my parents! Sister of my soul!" "The church-yard is full of grave-stones and ex- Wordsworth's opinion of the character of Burns, and pensive monuments, in all sorts of fantastic shapes-of the proper mode of treating it in biography, has been obelisk-wise, pillar-wise, &c. When our guide had left given also in prose, in his " Letter to a Friend of Robert us we turned again to Burns's grave, and afterwards Burns," (James Gray, Esq., Edinburgh,) published in went to his house, wishing to inquire after Mrs. Burns, pamphlet in 1816. — H. R.] who was gone to spend some time by the sea-shore with her children. We spoke to the maid-servant at the door, who invited us forward, and we sate down in the parlour. The walls were coloured with a blue wash; on one side of the fire was a mahogany desk; opposite the window a clock, which Burns mentions, in one of his letters, having received as a present. The house was cleanly and neat in the inside, the stairs of stone scoured white, the kitchen on the right side of the passage, the parlour on the left. In the room above the parlour the poet died, and his son, very lately, in the

same room. The servant told us she had lived four
years with Mrs. Burns, who was now in great sorrow

for the death of Wallace. She said that Mrs. B.'s
youngest son was now at Christ's Hospital.
We were
glad to leave Dumfries, where we could think of little
but poor Burns, and his moving about on that unpoetic
ground. In our road to Brownhill, the next stage, we
passed Ellisland, at a little distance on our right-his
farin-house. Our pleasure in looking round would have
been still greater, if the road had led us nearer the spot.

That Annandale doth crown, with a most amorous eye
Salutes me every day, or at my pride looks grim,
Oft threatening me with clouds, as I oft threaten him.'

"These lines came to my brother's memory, as well as the Cumberland saying,

If Skiddaw hath a cap,
Scruffel wots well of that.'

"We talked of Burns, and of the prospect he must have had, perhaps from his own door, of Skiddaw and his companions; indulging ourselves in the fancy that we might have been personally known to each other, and he have looked upon those objects with more pleasure for our sakes."

"Jones! as from Calais southward." (See Dedication to "Descriptive Sketches," p. 29.) This excellent Person, one of my earliest and dearest friends, died in the year 1835. We were under-graduates together of the same year, at the same college; and companions in many a delightful ramble through the latter part of his life he passed in comparative his own romantic Country of North Wales. Much of

solitude; which I know was often cheered by remembrance of our youthful adventures, and of the beautiful regions which at home and abroad, we had visited together. Our long friendship was never subject to a moment's interruption, and, while revising these volumes for the last time, I have been so often reminded of my loss, with a not unpleasing sadness, that I trust the Reader will excuse this passing mention of a Man who well deserves from me something more than so brief a notice. Let me only add, that during the cumbent of the Living) at a Parsonage in Oxfordshire, middle part of his life he resided many years (as Inwhich is the subject of the 33d of the "Miscellaneous Sonnets," Part II., p. 228.

"Tract occasioned by the Convention of Cintra." [Of this prose work, Southey writing to William Taylor, of Norwich, says with a confident anticipation which was realized:

"Wordsworth's pamphlet upon the cursed Cintra Convention will be in that strain of political morality to which Hutchinson, and Milton, and Sidney could have set their hands." 'Keswick, December 6, 1808." Life of Taylor, Vol. II. p. 232.

The title "pamphlet," it may be added, does not [The fellow-traveller, whose admirable Journal is adequately name this philosophical and eloquent