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Philip II. (of Spain, 1526-1598),
light thrown on his private cha-
racter by the Simancas Papers,
cxxiv. 477; his merriment at the
massacre of St. Bartholomew, 507

his marriage with Doña
Maria, cxxvii. 2; his education of
Don Carlos, 3; his atrocious spirit
of persecution, 6; his return to
Spain, 7; marriage with Eliza-
beth of Valois, 8; compared with
Charles V., 16; withdraws his
troops from Flanders, 19; his
Flemish policy, 20; conduct to the
Flemish deputies, 22; convokes
the Cortes, 24; rebellious con-
duct of his son, 27 (see Carlos,
Don); his imperturbable de-
meanour, 33; acquitted of the
murder of his son, 36; his inhu-
manity to him, 38; his wives, 42

his discouragement of indus-
try and commerce, cxxix. 10

his despondency after the
defeat of the Armada, cxxxi. 38;
cxxxii. 316

invested with the direction
of the League, cxxxii. 308; his
negotiations with Sixtus V., 309-

310

Philip III. (of Spain, d. 1621),
his debasement of the coinage,
cxxix. 8; his monastic sympathies,
36

Philip IV. (of Spain, 1605-1665),
his oriental habits of torpor, cxxix.
33, 34

Philip V. (of Spain, 1683-1746),
his taciturn habits described by
St. Simon, cxxix. 33
Philip (husband of 'Juana la Loca,'
'the Fair'), his meeting with Fer-
dinand, cxxxi. 350; his death, 351
Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy,

cxix. 534. See Burgundy, Dukes of
Philip de Rouvres, first Duchy of
Burgundy extinct at his death,
cxix. 534

Phillimore (Sir Robert, b. 1810),

his Commentaries upon Inter-
national Law, exii. 386; retro-
grade nature of his definition,
415; draws too implicitly from
German sources, 416; his illogical
arrangement, 417; his valuable
application of legal principles,

419
Phillimore (J. G.), his 'Reign of
George III.,' cxviii. 523; his inca-
pacity as an historian, ib.; his
absurd depreciation of the national
character, 524; ascribes British
greatness to an eminent few,'
525; rails at the monarchy, 526; on
recent literature, 531; his super-
ficial and extravagant views, ib.;
his invectives against Stanhope,
532; denounces the reign of
George III., 534; his abuse of the
King, 537; his tirade on Wilke's
trials, 539; his notions of Irish
and Indian policy, ib.; his flashy
style, 541; his work devoid of any
merit, ib.

Philo (Judæus, first century), his
views of Inspiration, cxxi. 559
Philobiblon Society, their splendid
edition of Heemskerck's 'Charles
V.,' cxxxii. 67

Philodemus, fragments of, found at
Herculaneum, cxvi. 325; his
treatises on Rhetoric and Music
purely ethical, 332; his value as
an exponent of Epicurus, 336; his
fragment on Economics, 338; his
familiarity with the Homeric
writings, 340; on the nature of
the gods, 341; his denunciation of
the Sophists, 346

Philological Museum, origin of,
cxviii. 163; Sir G. C. Lewis's con-
tributions to, ib.
Philology, distinguished from the
science of language, cxv. 71
Philosophy, its relations to language
in ancient Greece, cxv. 72

Plato's rules for the study of,
cxxxiv. 331

Philpotts (Henry, Bishop of Exeter,
1777-1869), his letter to Macau-
lay on the spiritual supremacy of
the Crown, cxxi. 153; his prosecu-
tion of Mr. Shore, 173

his speech on the Reform
Bill of 1832, cxxv. 541
Phlipon (Marie-Jeanne). See Roland,
Madame

Phoenicians, their political character,
cxv. 458

discovery of America ascribed

to, cxix. 384

their alleged introduction of
bronze, cxxxii. 472

Phoroneus, date ascribed to, by Mr.

Rawlinson, cxxv. 120
Photography, recent works on,
cxxxiii. 338; its stimulating effect
on art, ib.; Fox Talbot and
Daguerre, ib., 339; the Woodbury
type, 340; specimens of its work,
342; the Autotype, 343; the
Heliotype, 347; use of, by the
Ordnance Department, 349; pho-
tozincography, 351; application
of, to the microscope, 352; use of,
at the late siege of Paris, 353;
applied to astronomy, 354; to
medicine, ib.; to psychology, 355;
types of insanity explained by,
ib.; portraits of criminals, ib. ;
anecdotes, 356; military services
of, ib.; assistance to artists, 357;
introduction of colour in, ib.

use of, in astronomical obser-
vation, cxxxviii. 153, 155
Photographs, M. de Conche's amus-
ing objections to, cxxiv. 382
Photozincography,
cxviii. 396
Phrenology, Sir W. Hamilton on,
cxxxi. 199
Physical Science, German labours

invention of,

in, cxvi. 297. See Science; Life
Physiognomy, peculiarities of, in
idiots, cxxii. 46, 71

its relations with art, cxl.
171; definition of, 172

Physiology, Comte on its place in
science, cxxvii. 328

modern definition of, cxxx.
148; exact method of investiga-
tion applied to, ib.; researches of
Pettenkofer and Voit, ib. ; pheno-
mena of vital force, 150

discoveries of the nervous
system, cxxxv. 414

rival theories as to life,
cxxxvi. 216 (see Life); its recent
services in the detection of dis-
ease, 230
Piccadilly, origin of the name, cxxxi.
180 and note; state of, in the seven-
teenth century, 185; names of ad-
jacent streets, ib.

Pico di Mirandola (Giovanni, 1463-
1496), character of his philosophy,
cxxxvi. 144, 145
Piddington (Mr.), his 'Sailors' Horn-
book of the Law of Storms,'
cxxiv. 78

Piedmont, invasion of, by Spinola,
cxxiii. 47

Pierre (St.), his private conduct,
cxxiv. 343

'Piers Plowman, Vision of,' early
MSS. of, cxxv. 244

Pilgrimages, different opinions among
Roman Catholics concerning, cxxx.
324

Pillnitz, meeting at (1791), cxxiv.
564

Pine (Sir Benjamin, b. 1813), his
able administration on the Gold
Coast, cxxxviii. 580, 586
Pine-trees, ancient symbolical use of,
cxxxi. 244. See also Coniferous
Trees

Pinel (M.), his humane treatment of
the insane, cxxxi. 426; anecdote
of, at Bicêtre, 427; seized by the
Paris mob, ib.

Piozzi, his birth and character, cxiii.
518; his marriage with Mrs.
Thrale, ib.

Piozzi (Mrs.), autobiography of,
cxiii. 501; dramatic character of

her writings, ib.; her versatility
of tastes, 503; the household at
Streatham, 505; her quarrel with
Dr. Johnson, 507; his romantic
admiration of her, 512; correspond-
ence on marriage with Piozzi, 516;
inequality of the match, 518;
scandals in the preliminaries and
manner of the marriage, 519; at-
tacked by magazines, 522; retires
to Italy, ib.; her character, 523
Piozzi (Mrs.), her so-called love-
letters to Conway, the actor, cxvi.

200

Pisa, architectural works of art in,
cxxi. 523; the Pisan school of
sculpture, ib. 530

Pisano (Andrea, 1270-1345), his
bronze castings at Florence, cxxi.
528; his sons, ib.

Pisano (Giovanni, 1240-1320), son

of Niccolà, cxxi. 525; his church
of Sta. Maria della Spina at Pisa,
ib.; his Campo Santo, ib.
Pisano (Niccolà, about 1205–1274),

his Basilica of St. Antonio, cxxi.
522; his alto-relievo at Lucca,
523; his pulpit at Pisa, ib.; Arca
di San Domenico at Bologna, ib. ;
pulpit at Siena, ib.; carved foun-
tain at Perugia, 524

his education as an artist,

cxxii. 84
Pisany (Jean de Vivonne, Marquis
of), his negotiations with Sixtus
V., cxxxii. 310

Pistrucci, his mock-antique cameo,
cxxiv. 519; his skill in gem-cut-
ting, ib.
Pitcairn's Island, Mr. Dilke's visit
to, cxxix. 461

Pitt (William, Earl of Chatham,

1708-1778). See Chatham, Earl of
Pitt (William, 1759-1806), his let-
ter to the King, proposing Catholic
Emancipation, cxii. 38; his debts,
42; his last words, 50; his charac-
ter, by Mr. Rose, 51; his intended
overtures to Canning, 53

Pitt, William (1759-1806), scanty
knowledge of his private life, cxiii.
361; triumph of his Dutch policy,
374

his views on Eastern com-

merce, cxv. 13

difficulties in writing his
biography, cxvi. 115; his concen-
tration of character the secret of
his success, 116; his aversion to
society, 118; his attachment to
Miss Eden, ib.; his talents not
purely parliamentary, 121; prac-
tical inertness of his administra-
tion, 122; his attempts to disfran-
chise rotten boroughs, 123; change
in his opinions on Reform, 124;
on the Irish Resolutions,' 125;
on Tithe Commutation, 128; his
commercial treaty with France,
130; his Free-trade principles,
131; his consistent opposition to
slavery, 135; his scheme to re-
duce the National Debt, 136;
fallacies of his Sinking Fund,
137; as a War Minister, 140; his
want of strategical science, 143;
the campaign of 1799, 144; his
relations with the King, 146; his
indomitable courage, 149; his
Irish policy, 150

his scheme of Indian govern-
ment, cxvii. 23; creates the Board
of Control, 24

his French policy during the
Revolution criticised, cxviii. 111;
prophecy of, after his first speech,
411

Miss Wynn's impressions of,
cxix. 306

his acceptance of office in
1783 described by Lord Minto,
cxxxix. 189; interview with the
Duke of Portland on the Associa-
tion of the Friends, of the People,
198

Pittilloch, the family of, cxviii.

249

Pittsburg (U.S.), battle of (1862);

Grant's conduct at, cxxix. 244,
247; losses at, ib. note
Pius II. (Pope, Æneas Sylvius Pic-
colomini), his patronage of art,
cxxi. 541

his love of classical study,
cxxxvi. 133; early life, ib.; his
recantation, 134; his abortive cru-
sade, ib.; his death, 135; his ob-
solete spirit of enthusiasm, ib.;
letter to Mahomet II., 136; rela-
tions with literature, ib. 138; his
works, 139

Pius V. (Pope, d. 1572), his patron-
age of the future Sixtus V., cxxxii.
295

Pius VII. (1740-1823), his election,
cxxviii. 452; his exemplary moral
character, ib.; his homily of 1799,
453; his admiration of Napoleon's
genius, ib.; detention of, by the
Austrian envoy, 454; his corona-
tion of Napoleon, 468; on Jerome
Buonaparte's marriage, 470; de-
nounced by Napoleon, ib.; he de-
mands the evacuation of Ancona,
473; Napoleon's reply thereto,
474; his demand for the restitu-
tion of the Legations, 475; his
resistance to Napoleon's preten-
sions, 477; claims the suzerainty
of Naples, 479; his reply to Napo-
leon's threats in 1806, 481, 482;
French occupation of Rome, 485

restoration of, cxxxix. 361;
his re-establishment of the Jesuits,
ib.
Pius IX. (Pope, b. 1792), his con-
duct to Rosmini, cxiv. 245; rejects
Passaglia's overtures, 258; his Al-
locution of 1861, 266

his unsuccessful attempts to
reform the Papal government, cxvi.
270

convokes the Ecumenical
Council, cxxx. 297; his pastoral
letter to the Catholic bishops of
America during the Civil War,
326; cn the Syllabus, 329; his

letter to Dr. Manning on the
Ecumenical Council, 602 note
Pius IX. (Pope, b. 1792), his dogma

of Papal Infallibility, cxxxiv.
141, 156; his conduct examined,
158

his resistance to modern
civilisation, cxxxviii. 537

his Papal Constitutions of
1864 and 1870 in Germany, cxxxix.
370

Plagiarism, literary, instances of, from
Roman authors, cxxiv. 356, 357
Shelley's habit of, explained,
cxxxiii. 440, 445
Planché (J. R. Rougecroix), his
'Pursuivant of Arms,' cxxi. 333;
on legendary bearings in heraldry,

335

Planets, aqueous vapour contained
in, cxxxi. 54; modern discoveries
of, ib.; chemical analysis of, 55;
gravitation to the sun, 63

their relations with meteors,
cxl. 420

Plangé (M.), his mission to Coomas-
sie, cxxxviii. 577

Plantagenets, uncertainty of dynastic
succession under, cxv. 295
Planters, their prosperity in the
West Indies, cxv. 49; indispens-
able for improvement of coloured
races, 60

Platen (Countess of), her plot against
Königsmark, cxvi. 196
Plato, his astronomical opinions,
cxvi. 93

Mr. Grote's account of,
cxxiii. 304; his method of dia-
logue, 305; treatment by German
editors, 306; his theories inferred
from his works, 307, 308; dis-
course of Protagoras on the moral
virtues, 310; Prodikus and Hip-
pias, 312-314; purpose of their
dialogue, ib.; his types of Rhetori-
cians, 315; dialogue of Gorgias,
ib.; his 'Thrasymachus,' 318; un-
just invective in the 'Leges,' ib.

6

note; on the charge of corruption
against the Sophists, 321; his
dialogue of Sophistes, 322; ob-
jections to paid teachers, ib. 324;
hatred of commonplace opinions,
325; his dialectic process of defi-
nition, 327; his own opinions, 334;
homage paid to him as a moralist,
338; arguments in his Republic,'
339; his criterion of virtue, 340;
his later speculations thereon, 344;
his doctrine of Ideas, ib., and of
Reminiscence, 345; on Pre-exist-
ence and Immortality, 346; his
supposed warfare on sceptical phi-
losophy, 348; his attack on Homo
Mensura, 351; his 'Theætetus,' ib.;
distinction between Opinion and
Knowledge, 353; his personal
views on speculation, 354; ethical
doctrines, 355; his ideal form of
government, 356, 358; plan of his
'Leges,' ib.; his view of old le-
gends, 361; his peculiar theories of
property and marriage, 362; on
the division of labour, 363
Plato, the best bust of, is apocry-
phal, cxxiv. 353

influence of, on English wri-
ters, cxxxiv. 303; English trans-
lations of, 304 (see Jowett); no
preconceived system in his Dia-
logues,' 319; that style of writing
probably due to accident, 320; its
value as a mirror of social life,
321; Hegel's ideas thereon, 322;
arguments preserved by Athenian
love of discussion, 323; public
characters represented, 324; his
'Euthyphro,' 326; the character
of Socrates, 328; his programme
of dialectical studies, 331; his
Eschatology, 333; belief in the
immortality of the soul, ib.; as
moralist and metaphysician, 335;
state of Greek thought at his ap-
pearance, ib.; his works condensed
by Aristotle, 336; his logic, ib.;
psychology, 337; metaphysics,

338; politics, 339; value of his
'Laws,' 340

Plautus (M. Accius, d. B.c. 184),
MSS. of, discovered by Orsini,
cxxxvi. 124

corruptions in the early Mi-
lan palimpsest of, cxxxvii. 67; in-
equalities in MSS. of, explained,
84; the editio princeps of, 87 note
'Player's Petition,' the, to Queen
Elizabeth, unfairness of the offi-
cial inquiry' respecting its genu-
ineness, cxi. 482, 484
Playfair (Professor John, 1748-
1819), his celebrity at Edinburgh,
CXXXV. 407; services to the Edin-
burgh Review, ib.; anecdotes, ib.
Pliny (Secundus Caius, the Elder,
23-79), on the use of iron among
the Romans, cxvi. 204; his recipe
for preserving iron from oxydation,
220; his description of the Mau-
soleum at Halicarnassus, 474; in-
consistencies of his account, ib.;
his probable authorities, 476

his notice of the Druids,

cxviii. 43

on precious stones, cxxiv.
236; his carbunculus and lychnis,
254; difficulty of naming his green.
stones, 257

his account of oyster culture,
cxxvii. 46, 49

on the parasitic nourishment
of fungi, cxxix. 341

his text peculiarly liable to
early corruptions, cxxxvii. 61, 80;
the Codex Bambergensis of, 92
Pliny (Cæcilius Secundus Caius, the
younger, 62-103), his panegyric on
Trajan, cxxix. 88, 89; his pro-
consular letter from Bithynia, 97
Plunket (William Conyngham,
Lord, 1764-1854), his life, letters,
and speeches, by his grandson,
cxxvi. 151; qualifications of the
editor, ib. 152; able preface by
Lord Brougham, ib.; his family,
153; joins the Historical Society,

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