Mr. Disraeli's charge against the draughtsman of the Bill, 563; Public Worship Regulation Act, 565; divided attitude of the Ministry thereon, 567; abortive measures of legal reform, 569; Lord Salisbury and Mr. Disraeli, 571; army and navy mismanagement, 574; financial policy, 577; colonial affairs, 580; foreign affairs, 582; the Irish department, ib.; imitation of Liberal policy, 583; prospects of the Liberals, ib.; party lessons of the Session, 585 Parliaments, duration of, since the Septennial Act, exxii. 291 note; languor in long parliaments, 293 Parliamentary Government, designs of George III. against, cxv. 219

weakness of executive authority in, cxxv. 579; is very much what leaders make it, 590

modern system of Cabinet responsibility, cxxvi. 561

obstructiveness of, cxxxvi. 87, 89; undue influence of debating power, ib.; want of foresight in legislation ascribed to, ib.; control of expenditure, 94; confusion of legislative and administrative functions, 101 Parmenides, his theory of the universe, cxvi. 91

Parry (Mr. Gambier), his proposed

plan of fresco-painting, cxxiii. 33, 34 notes

Parsons (Robert, 1546-1610), his Jesuitical intrigues, cxxxi. 18, 20 political pamphlets of,

cxxxiv. 171, 173 Parties, political, twofold composi

tion of, in England, cxxix. 289 Partition Treaty (Spanish), first, cxiv. 311, 315; second, ib. Party pamphlets, species of, disguised as learned treatises, cxx. 379, 380 Party-spirit, prevalence of, in society under Anne, cxviii. 422

Party-spirit, evil tendencies of, cxxi. 445; political reaction against, 446

Pascal (Blaise, 1623-1662), his monument at Paris, cxv. 546

his remark on Cleopatra's

nose, cxxiv. 342

on the mysteries of nature, cxxxiii. 155

Pasley (Capt.), his operations against the Wahabees in the Persian Gulf, cxxv. 13, 14 Pasquier (Chancellor), his recollections of the De Tocquevilles, cxiii. 434

Pasquin, cruelty of Sixtus V. to, cxxxii. 305

Passaglia (Father), his overtures to Pius IX., cxix. 258

his pamphlet 'Pro Causâ Italicâ,' cxvi. 282 Passports, formerly not used in time of peace, cxxiv. 378, 379 Pasteur (M.), his discovery of quinidine and chinchonidine, cxviii. 511

his work on Spontaneous Generation, cxxv. 389; origin of his researches, 398; his first experiments on microscopic fungi, ib.; his flasks, 401; his theories combated by M. Pouchet, 402; convincing nature of his experiments, 403; objections to M. Donné's conclusions, 404; on fermentation, 405, 406

his experiments in heating wines, cxxvi. 197 'Paston Letters,' the, newly edited by M. Gairdner, cxxxviii. 1; early history of, 3; recent discoveries by Mr. Frere, 4; their genuineness established, ib.; their historical importance, 5; pictures of social life in, ib.; lawsuits in the Paston family, ib.; Sir John Falstolf, 6

Pastor Æternus, Papal Constitution of, in 1870, cxxxix. 371

Patch, his engravings of Florentine

paintings, cxxii. 80 and note
Patches, a mark of party under Anne,
cxviii. 422

Patents, vices of the law respecting,
cxxi. 579; Admiralty complaints,
580; technicalities of the law, ib.;
popular fallacies, 581; Bentham
and Mill on rewards to patentees,
ib.; patentees confused with in-
ventors, ib.; sources of profit, 582;
risks of patent litigation, 583;
patent-right and copyright, 584;
simultaneous inventions, 586; case
of Holmes v. North-Western
Railway, 587; Bessemer's steel
process, 588; prior claims of first
applicants, 589; merits of rival
inventors, ib.; case of Heath v.
Unwin, 590; patents wrongfully
maintained, ib.; unjust monopoly
of, 592; hardships to poor inven-
tors, 593; Mr. Carpmael on pro-
fessional evidence, 594; case of
Mr. Hills, 595; rights of property
infringed, 596; fallacies of claims
to monopoly, ib.; protection to in-
ventors, 597; inventions of Ark-
wright and Watt, 598; ruinous
cost of, 599; argument of re-
warding inventors, ib.; patented
inventions avoided, 600; case of
Crane v. Price, 602; stoppage of
improvements by, 603; misspent
labour on supposed inventions, ib.;
argument on export of inventions,
607; report of French jurors
against, ib.; compulsory licences,
609; prolongation of, 610

Law of, Lord Brougham's
Act admitting parties to suits as
witnesses, cxi. 194

Museum of, its removal to
South Kensington, cxxiii. 79
Paterculus (Velleius), long obscu-
rity of his writings, cxxxvii. 60
Paterson (William, 1655–1699), pro-
jects the Darien expedition, cxv.
4; his views on Spanish preten-

sions in America, 8; accused of
buccaneering, 9; over-estimates
Scottish resources, 15; his sub-
ordinate part in the expedition,
16; his character, ib.; his per-
sonal history, 18; advocates co-
lonisation of Darien, 24; plan of
a National Bank, 25; his un-
popularity in Scotland, ib.; pro-
poses a 'Council of Trade,' 30;
his free-trade principles, 35; mis-
takes the functions of free gov-
ernment, 37; on Scottish fisheries,
39; his financial heresies, 40; his
burialplace unknown, 41

Paterson, his 'British Itinerary,'
cxxxviii. 495

'Patriot King,' the, written by Bol-
ingbroke, cxviii. 435; the text-
book of George III., ib.; disco-
very of its publication, 436; Lord
Chesterfield's admiration of its
style, 438

Patronage, Church (in Scotland),
past history of, cxl. 277; recent
Bill for abolition of, 282; anti-
cipations of its results, 284
Patteson (John Coleridge, Bishop of
Melanesia), murder of, cxxxvi.
430; his devotion to the natives,
ib.
Paul (Saint), his conclusive belief in
the Resurrection, cxix. 601

article on his Epistles in the
Dictionary of the Bible, cxxi. 72

his arrival at Rome an epoch
in Church history, cxxxi. 473;
authenticity of his Epistles, 474;
early life, 475; visit to James and
Peter at Jerusalem, 476; the type
of Eastern conquest, 480; first
missionary journey, 482; visit to
the first Church Council, 485;
criticisms of the Tübingen school,
486; second missionary journey,
487; at Athens, ib.; Hellenic in-
fluences during his third journey,
490; at Ephesus, 493; his Epistle
to the Romans,' 494; resolves to

Paul (Saint), his authority invoked
by dissenters, cxxxiii. 422; undue
pre-eminence assigned to his
Epistle to the Romans, ib.

probable allusion to, in the
Apocalypse, cxl. 496
Paul II. (Pope, d. 1471), his connex-

ion with literature, cxxxvi. 140
Paul III. (Pope, d. 1549), his ces-
sion of Parma and Piacenza, cxii.
124 and note

Paul (Jean), Carlyle's estimate of,
cxxxvii. 116

Paul's Cross, history of, cxxix. 188;

its destruction, 190
Paviland (South Wales), discovery

of ancient bones in a cave at,
cxviii. 275 and 284 notes
Peachain (Edward), Lord Bacon's

conduct in the case of, cxiii. 334
Peaches, long cultivation of, cxxviii.
433; their supposed descent from
sweet almonds, ib.; relation of,
to nectarines, ib.

cultivation of, in France,

cxxx. 480

Peacock (Reginald, 1390-1460),
Dean Milman's eulogy of his 'Pre-
cursor,' cxxxiv. 168; the work
burnt by the author, ib.
Peacock, his gift of verse, cxl. 371;

poem of 'Love and Age,' 372
Peacocks, sudden variations in the
breed of, cxxviii. 430
Peasant-proprietors (in India), their
attachment to the land, cxxxi.
328

Peasant-proprietorship (in England),
origin of, cxxvi. 66; legislative re-
strictions of, 67; present commer-
cial tendencies against, 68

Mr. Fawcett's views on,

cxxviii. 514

Peasant-proprietorship (in Ireland),
Mr. Bright's scheme of, cxxvi.
70; Mr. Mill's proposals criticised,
cxxvii. 532. See Irish Land
Peckham, his synodical council at
Lambeth, cxl. 432

Peel (Sir Robert, 1788-1850), his
injudicious dismissal of Sir Row-
land Hill, cxx. 66

his accession to office in
1841, cxxxix. 549

Mr. Greville's description of,
cxl. 541; Lord Lyndhurst on his
conduct in the Cabinet, 543
Peerages, British, rapid extinction
of, cxxxii. 103

Pegue (India), conquest of the pro-
vince, cxvii. 16

Peiho Forts, operations against,
cxxxviii. 52, 298

Pekin, its disadvantages as a capital,
cxxii. 184

Pelagius II., his forged credentials of

Papal authority, cxxx. 300
Pelly (Col. Lewis, Resident at
Bushire), his visit to the Waha-
bees, cxxv. 12; instructed to pro-
tect the Sultan of Oman, 13; his
ultimatum to the Ameer of Nejed,
ib.; releases Syud Toorkee, 15;
his want of discretion, ib.
Peloponnesus, the, rugged aspect of
the coast, cxxii. 539; beauties of
landscape in, ib. 540; grandeur of
Taygetus, ib.; scenery of Sparta
and Messenia, 541; the river
Pamisus, 542; Arcadian landscape,
ib.; impressions of loneliness,
545; want of inns and roads, 546;
increase of steamers, 547; culti-
vation of the currant-vine, 550;
silk manufactures, ib.; cotton and
tobacco, 551; revival of agricul-
ture, ib.; monastic institutions,
556; ecclesiastical reform, 558;
state of education, 559

Penal Servitude Act (1853), cxvii.
249; its good effects in Ireland,
250

argument of its Mosaic
origin, cxl. 67
Pentonville, model prison at, cxvii.
247

Pepys, his false estimate of 'Othello,'
cxxxii. 123
Perception, dual character ascribed
to, cxxiv. 134

doctrine of ideas attributed
to, cxxvi. 85, 87; its relation to
matter, ib. 89

Perceval (Spencer, 1762-1812), his
conduct on the Regency Bill, cxii.
56
Percy (Thomas, Bishop of Dromore,

1728-1811), Warburton's remark
on his 'Reliques,' cxxv. 220;
his half-hearted antiquarianism,
221; his original MS. borrowed
by the Early English Text Society
for publication, ib.; his work ad-
mired by Scott and Wordsworth,
222; national spirit of his pro-
ductions, 233
Pereire (M. Isaac), his 'Banque de

la France,' cxxi. 223; proposes

State remedy for high rate of
interest, 236; his argument con-
fined to France, 238; advocates a
second bank in France, 239; in-
consistency of his argument, 240;
his expedients for buying gold,
241; on prohibiting the export of
gold, 243; his views on the Bank
Act, 245

Périer (M. Casimir) on Co-operative
Societies in France, cxx. 434.
Périgord (France), discovery of
bone-caves in, cxxxii. 451
Periodical writers, brilliant essays
of, in the time of Anne, cxxxii.
544; rate of composition then
compared with present day, 545
Perkins (Mr. Charles C.), his re-

searches on Tuscan sculpture,
cxxi. 521; on the Pictorial school,
544; his enumeration of defects,
545; his account of Michael
Angelo, 547
Permissive Prohibitory Alliance, the,
their plans regarding the sale of
intoxicating liquors, cxxxiv. 581
Péronne, Treaty of, exix. 555.
Perowne (J. Stewart), his contribu-
tions to Smith's 'Dictionary of the
Bible,' cxxi. 55

Perrault (Claude), French architect
invited by Charles II. to furnish a
design for St. Paul's, cxxix. 192
Perron (M.), his career in the Mah-
ratta service, cxxxiv. 366; his in-
triguing character, ib.; ill-treat-
ment by Sindhia, 371, 374; De
Bourrienne's memoirs of, after
leaving India, ib.

Perron, the, symbol of the autocracy
of Liége, cxix. 552; removed to
Bruges, ib.

Perry (Sir Erskine), his article on
the history of Asôka, cxxii. 379,
382

his translation of Savigny's
treatise on 'Possession,' cxxx. 539
Perry (Rev. G. G.), his history of

the Church of England, cxv. 580

Persia, scanty geographical knowledge of, cxii. 318

ancient system of mounted couriers in, cxix. 342

tree and serpent-worship in, Cxxx. 494

recent reception of the Shah in England, cxxxviii. 245 Persians, their invasion of Arabia, cxvi. 357

Persius, early MS. of, in the Va

tican, exxxvii. 66 note Persors and Things, divisions of the

Roman law respecting, cxviii. 471 Perthes (M. Boucher de), his discovery of drift relics in the valley of the Somme, cxvi. 172

his discovery of ancient flint-weapons in France, cxviii. 261; his 'Antiquités Celtiques et Antédiluviennes,' ib.; his discovery confirmed by the Academy of Sciences, 263; his precautions against imposture, ib.; his theory of the antiquity of man accepted by Lyell, 268; discovers a human jaw-bore at Abbeville, 272 Peru, cotton-cultivation in, cxviii. 521

(ancient), excellence of roads in, cxix. 341 Perugia, its franchise destroyed by Paul III., cxii. 122 Peruvian bark. See Chinchona. Pesellino (b. 1423), his services to Italian painting, cxxxv. 133 Pestel (Colonel Paul), his constitution for secret societies in Russia, cxxxii. 365; discovery of his document, 370 note; his death, in. Pestonji and Company (Messieurs), their farming of Berar revenues, cxxxvii. 235

Petards, used at the attack on New

Orleans, cxxiv. 203 and note Peter the Great (Emperor of Russia, 1672-1725), his expeditions in Eastern Turkestan, cxxxv. 22 Peter III. (Emperor of Russia, d.

1762), his designs on Sweden, exxiii. 490; campaign against Denmark, ib.; his assassination, ib. Petermann (Dr.), his Gulf-stream doctrine, cxxxv. 450

Peter's Pence, abolished by Edward III., cxxix. 552

Petition of Right, the, origin of, cxx. 24; the King's message respecting, b.; Lords' amendment to, 25; evasive form of royal assent to, 26; the King's final assent to, 27; his interpretation thereof, 29; false copies of, circulated, 30 Petrarch (Francesco, 1304-1374), his love-sonnets to Laura, cxxi. 302

his over-estimate of his Latinity, cxxiii. 367

his denunciation of Papal corruption, cxxxvi. 118; his classical knowledge, 119

his MS. of Cicero's Epistles

ad Fam., cxxxvii. 72 Pettenkofer (M.), his physiological researches, cxxx. 148 Phaedrus, the Epicurean, his fragment on the personal existence of the gods, cxvi. 343

Phallus, the, primitive worship of, in America, cxxv. 357; kindred rites in other countries, 358 Pharisees, tenets of the sect, cxxxviii. 45

Pheasants, domestication of gold and silver pheasants, cxi. 163; introduction of Himalayan species, ib.; other foreign varieties of, 184

sudden variation in the species of, cxxviii. 431 Philip VI. (of France, 1293-1350), his contest with Edward III. for Aquitaine, cxxix. 540

Philip II. (of Spain, 1526-1598), his character illustrated by his State Papers, cxiii. 185; his preparations for the Armada, 203; sincerity of his Catholicism, 220