place instances of, ib.; questions of kinship discussed, 123 Genoa, Church of the Annunciata at, exviii. 84
Genseric (406-477), his capture and pillage of Rome, cxviii. 348 Gentz (Frederic von, 1764-1832), his political services to Germany, cxvii. 43; his genial nature, 44; his accessibility to gifts, ib.; early education, 47; his arrival at Berlin, 48; his reckless life there, 52; his literary crusade against Napoleonism, 57; his Fragments on the Balance of Power,' 58; compiles the Prussian War Manifesto against France, 60; summoned to Vienna, 65; a political fugitive, ib.; origin of his friendship with Metternich, 66; his share in the Congress of Vienna, 68; his intimacy with Fanny Elsler, 76
Genuine, distinguished from authentic, cxxxvii. 92
Geoffrey of Monmouth (12th century), his account of roads in ancient Britain, cxix. 347
materials of his History of British Kings,' cxxv. 249; his account of King Arthur, 250 Geographical Society, Royal, its stimulus to research, cxii. 296; value of the annual addresses, 297
Geography, its growing connexion
with geology, cxii. 296; Burke's definition of, 297; viewed as a physical science, 298; recent knowledge of, 301; limited researches of the ancients, 302; excellence of modern maps, 305; their value compared with globes, 306; pre-eminence of English research, 308; Polar explorations, 309-312; recent discoveries in India, 314; imperfect knowledge of Central Asia, 317; African explorations, 319-326
Geological Museum (London), origin and management of, cxxiii. 76 Geology, outline of the Silurian System, cxii. 88; fundamental gneiss' strata in Scotland, 89; ancient quartz-rocks, 91; Old Red Sandstone in Devonshire and Scotland, 97; reptilian remains, 99; Permian strata in different countries, 100; growing connexion of the science with geography,
analogies of existing causes applied to the past, cxviii. 258; Tertiary and Quaternary formations, 259; ancient fossil human remains, ib. post-tertiary beds, 265; the Post-Pliocene Age, 266; antiquity of raised beaches,' 289; prospects of extended study of Post-Pliocene and Recent deposits, 296; its connexion with the chronology of man, ib. (see Man and Lyell, Sir C.); the hypothesis of Uniformity in, 298; effects of force and time in, ib.; influence of changes of climate upon, 301
remains of pine-trees in geological strata, cxx. 347; difficulties in, suggested by the glacial period, 471
illustration of silt deposits, сххії. 439, 440
isolation of, from other sciences, cxxxi. 40; attacks of Sir W. Thomson, ib.; loose statements of geological time, 41; evidence of rock-strata thereon, 42; epochs cannot be measured by years, 43; theory of Catastrophism, ib. 44; the Uniformitarian theory of Hutton and Lyell, ib. ; Evolutionism, 46; caloric pressure in the earth, 49; Mr. Hopkins on precession and nutation, 50; thickness of the earth's crust, ib.; evidences of chemistry thereon, 51; classes of crystalline
rocks, ib.; theory of M. Durocher, 52; sedimentary layers of igneous rocks, ib.; weakness of the Uni- formitarian theory, 53 : bearings of astronomical discoveries on, 54,63; results of spectrum analysis, ib.; elemental identity of heavenly bodies, 63; the evolution theory confirmed, 64
Geology, the Paleolithic age, cxxxii.
443; question of man's existence therein, ib.; physical changes dur- ing the Pleiocene period, 444; consequent revolution in animal life, 445; climate of the Quater- nary period, 446; French idea of a diluvial flood therein, 447; M. Lartet's division of the Quater- nary series, 455
recent controversy on globi- gerina mud in the Atlantic, cxxxv. 470
the inter-glacial epoch, cxxxix. 175, 177 George I. (1660-1727), his appear- ance in old age, cxvi. 245 George III. (1738-1820), his hos- tility to Catholic Emancipation, cxii. 39; symptoms of madness renewed, 41; his opinions on na- tural scenery, 48; his dislike of Fox, 49; and of Lord Grenville,
biographical materials for history of his reign, cxiii. 361
auspicious period of his ac- cession, cxv. 215; his first minis- try, 217; his schemes of despotism, 219; his interference with the India Bill, 226
circumstances at the outset of his reign, cxviii. 535; his mode of oblique despotism, 536; his attempts thwarted by the Consti- tution, ib.
by Mr. W. B. Donne, cxxvi. 1; three periods of his reign, 2; his affection for Lord North, 3; peace- ful character of his first speech, 4; his education, 5; ignorance of English, ib.; influence of Lord Bute, ib.; power of the Peerage, 6; his alleged proneness to in- trigue and indolence, ib.; annoy- ances from his ministers, 8; diffi- culties of his position, 9; signing of the peace, 13; repudiates inti- macy with Bute, 16; grant for his palace refused by Grenville, 19; his later dislike of North, 24; his ecclesiastical appointments, 28; his love of hard work, 30; on the contest between the House of Commons and the City, 31; let- ters respecting the American colonies, 32-36 ; unfavourable impression left by his Correspond- ence, ib.; his theory of govern- ment, ib.; popular estimates of his character, 37; his personal cour- age, ib.; his prejudices shared by the nation, 38; his dislike of Pitt in 1778, 41; his early attach- ments, ib. (see Lightfoot, Hannah); his seclusion and sufferings, 42
George III., atrocious treatment of, when insane, cxxxi. 421
anecdotes of his madness, by Lord Minto, cxxxix. 194 George IV. (1762-1830), his conduct as Regent, cxv. 234
opposed to Sumner's appoint- ment as Primate, cxxviii. 128
(when Prince of Wales), the Examiner's' attacks upon, cxxxvi. 514
his appearance, when Regent, described by Stockmar, cxxxvi. 380
character of his insanity, George V. (King of Hanover), his
his Correspondence with Lord North from 1768 to 1788, edited
appearance described by Samarow, cxxxvii. 433; sketch of his family, 437
German Army, proposed strength of, in 1867, cxxvi. 284 note. See Prussian Army
German Coinage, want of gold cir- culation, cxxiv. 395; 20-franc gold-pieces proposed in 1865, ib.; inconvenience of the Prussian thaler, ib.
German Empire, the, title of 'Ger- man Emperor,' cxxxiii. 459, 460; assumed by King William of Prussia, 461; his futile promise to 'restore' the Empire, 463; its ancient character as a confederacy, 464; Treaty of Westphalia, 465; French rights in, ib.; foreign alli- ances of emperors, ib.; foreign intervention invoked during civil wars, 466; enmity of the House of Brandenburg, 467; aggressive designs imputed to Austria, ib. 470; ostensible championship of Prussia, ib.; the new Empire com- pared with the old, ib.; question of Prussian domination, 471; the old Empire extinct in 1806, ib. ; effects of the War of Liberation, 472; rupture in 1866 at Frank- fort, 473; defensive character of the Bund, ib.; its destruction has caused two wars, 474; recent claims to Alsace and Lorraine, 479, 480; Imperial pretensions of Prussia, 481; present constitution of, according to sessional papers, 482; fusion between Northern and Southern Germany accom- plished, 483; the Diet regarded as a future check on Prussia, 484; dangers of military despotism, ib. ; liberty and union looked for from Republican, not Imperial institu- tions, 485
German Empire, the, duties of, against Russian encroachment, cxxxiv.
recent emigration from, in consequence of the conscription,
German literature, influence of Ger- man scholarship on Biblical criti- cism in England, exxi. 49 German Empire, revived study of early national literature, cxxv. 224, 228
poverty of works of fiction and comedy, cxxxvii. 423 German Opera, contest of, with the Italian, cxxii. 403
Universities, Syllabus of Entrance Examinations at, cxxvii. 154 See Universities, German Germany, State archives of, cxvi. 178 sqq.; family feuds in the middle ages, 181; system of political reprisals, 183; sumptuary legisla- tion in, 201; municipal ordinances against shepherds, 203
co-operative societies in, cxx. 432; their distinctive character, ib, titles of nobility in, cxxi 330,
objects of the Germanic Con- federation, cxxiv. 279; the Diet repudiated by Prussia, 28C; the federal system attacked by Bis- marck in 1866, 282; evils of Prus- sian despotism, 283; suppression of 'state-rights,' 284; dangers of collision with France, 226; objec- tions to a United Monarchy in, ib.; question of resettlement after the Austro-Prussian War, 293
early collections of customary law in, cxxvi. 357; later efforts at codification, 360
attempts in 1848 to regain unity, cxxviii. 237; Prussian leadership secured by Bismarck, 239; establishment of the North German Confederation, ib.; exclu- sion of Austria from the League, 240; preponderance of Prussia in the North German Constitution, 241; dependence of the smaller States, 242; evident tendencies to unification, ib.; the first Customs Parliament, 243; opposition of Southern States, 244; want of
guarantees for civil rights in the Constitution, 245; Herr Braun's motion rejected, ib.; Prussian cha- racter of the Constitution, 246; importance of the negotiations at Nickolsburg, 247; German States incorporated by Prussia after 1866, 248; contemplated accession of Southern States to the Union, 249; evil policy of Bismarck, 250 Germany, final exclusion of Austria
from, CXXX. 454; provisional nature of the North German Con- federation, ib.; prospects of the Southern States since 1866, 455
unity in 1813 and 1870 com- pared, cxxxii. 414; Prussian army influence in, after the Danish War, 489; her independence established, 586 (see Franco-German War) ; prospects of coercive service in, ib.; future position of, in Europe, 587; temptations to warlike policy, 588. See German Empire
tenacity of national cha- racter in, cxxxvi. 401
religious movement in, cxxxvii. 529; works relating to, ib.; conflict re-opened by Pius IX., b.; attitude of the State, 530; position of Roman Catho- lics, ib.; vast field for speculation, ib.; religious and political ele- ments of the movement, 531; the Old Catholic body, ib.; speeches at the Cologne Congress, ib. note; results of the dogma of Infallibi- lity, 532; anti-Romanist writings of Döllinger, 533; former triumphs of the Jesuits, 535; their meagre system of education, ib.; Univer- sity of Ingolstadt, ib.; influence
of French Catholicism of Port Royal, 536; contagion of secular elements from France, ib.; spirit of territorial autonomy, 537; State control in the last century stretched against the Pope, 538; conduct of Maria Theresa, ib.; treatise of
'Febronius,' 539; conference at Coblence in 1769, 540; remon- strances against Papal pretensions, ib.; powers of Nuncios, 541; their antagonism with diocesan bishops, ib.; the Nuncio at Cologne, 542; punctations of electors at Ems, ib.; local autonomy of electors, 543; policy of Frederick the Great, 544: the elector of Mayence, 545; nomination of Dalberg, ib.; conflict with the Nuncios, 547; 'Memorials' of the Assembly of 1788, ib.; Count Jerome, Archbishop of Salzburg, 549; Bishop of Würzburg, 550; Dalberg and Wissenberg, 552; affairs in Bavaria, 556; the Con- cordat, 558; John Michael Sailer, 559; movement of Martin Boos, 561; Dr. Hirscher, 564, 566; Prince-Bishop Hohenlohe and Silesia, ib.; Schimonsky, 567 ; Count Sedlnitzky, 568; indigen- ous opposition to Papal system, ib. 569 Germany,relations of, with the Church of Rome, cxxxix. 360; recent works on Church and State, ib.; Roman Catholic subjects in, 365; the Bull De Salute Animarum, ib.; the Catholic clergy after 1848, 367; Papal Constitutions of 1864 and 1870, 370; abolition of the Catho- lic department of the Ministry of Public Worship, 372; resistance to Papal pretensions, ib.; oppres- sive nature of the Falk laws, 375, 377; the Royal Court for eccle- siastical affairs, 379; protest of clergy at Fulda, 380; State per- secution of the Church, 381 (see Bismarck, Prince); law on civil marriage, 383 note
Geyser, the Great, eruptions of,
cxiii. 537; theory of the pheno- mena, 544; early history of, 546 the New, description of, cxiii.
Geysers, mechanism of, cxxii. 452 Gheel (Belgium), colony of the insane at, cxxxi. 438, 443 Ghent, besieged by Philip of Burgundy, cxix. 537; tumult in, at the 'Joyous Entry' of Charles the Bold, 549; he restores the city's privileges, 550; their charter annulled by him, 559
Ghiberti (Lorenzo, 1381-1445), competes for the Gates of Florence, exxi. 535; his exquisite design, 537; heathenised Christian sculpture, 538; inferiority of his statues,
his controversy with Warburton, cxxii. 22 Gibbon (Edward), Landor s remark on his cynicism, cxxx. 246 Gibraltar, bishopric of, created, exviii. 566
Gibson (John, R. A., 1790-1866), Life
of, by Lady Eastlake, cxxxi. 392; his gentle and equable temper, 393; excessive love of antique models, ib.; his refined art, ib.; the 'Hunter,' his best work, 394; his theory of tinted statues right, ib.; his parentage and simple life, ib.; compared with Eastlake, 395
his 'Proportions of the Human Figure, according to the
Canon of Vitruvius,' cxl. 168; his mode of measurement, 184 Gill (Major), his photographs of Indian cave-temples, cxxii. 387; his benevolent life, 388
Gilray (James, d. 1815), his caricatures of Count Rumford at the Royal Institution, cxxxv. 335 Gioberti (Vincenzo, 1801-1852), his work 'La Riforma Cattolica,' cxiv. 237
Giotto (1276-1336), his exact imitation of nature, cxxii. 87; Boccaccio's estimate of, ib. 88; his frescoes at Assisi, 89; supposed visit to Avignon, 90; his frescoes at Padua and Florence, 91; designs the Campanile, 92; represents the Florentine school, ib.
universality of his genius, CXXXV. 131; his connexion with art at Padua, 141
Gipps' Land (Australia), its luxuriant fertility, cxvi. 11
Gipsies, colony of, at Yetholm, in Roxburghshire, cxii. 512
Giraffes, successful introduction of,
into Englazu, cxi. 179 Girardin (M. Émile de, b. 1802), his book on polyandry, cxv. 208
his strictures on French taxation, cxxxi. 373
(Madame Émile de), Bonstetten's description of, exix. 440
Gisborne (Mr.), his reports on the Darien canal scheme, cxv. 23 Gist, the word explained, cxxviii. 78 Glaciers theories of the motion of, exiii. 227, 230; their transporting power, 231; the theory of dilatation, ib.; disproved by Dr. Forbes, 234; the phenomenon of regelation, 236; their motion in winter, 242; theory of their liquefaction by pressure, 243; veined structure of glacier ice, 245
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