cantile posts, viz. Hong-Kong, St. Helena, etc., ib.; the sugar islands viewed as tropical farms, 103; native corruption in Jamaica, ib.; policy of conquest abandoned, 104; Anglo-Saxon colonies the question for discussion, 105; exempt from contribution to Imperial charges, 106; former argument of monopoly of trade, ib.; effects of Free Trade and repeal of the Navigation Act, 107; colonial patronage abandoned, ib.; chiefly valuable for emigration purposes, ib.; argument of prestige, 108; the bargain unequal, ib.; anomalous position as belligerents, 109; temptations to separation in time of war, 110; unselfish home-policy, 111; their loyalty to the Crown, ib.; guarantees of colonial loans criticised, 112 note; instance of imprudent interference with, 113 (see New Zealand); proper principles of reciprocity, 120; legitimate claims of England, 121; need of treatyregulations, ib. Colonial Episcopate, cxviii. 552; preference of the laity purely rationalistic, 553; religious principles imported into the discussion, 555; functional purposes of, viz., ordination and confirmation, 556; views of Archbishop Secker thereon, ib.; value of bishops chiefly administrative, 557; distribution of, ib.; missionary bishops, 558; first episcopal sees at Nova Scotia and Quebec, 560; tabular statement of, by Mr. Hawkins, ib.; gradual relinquishment of State endowments, 561, 562; grants of two home societies, ib.; solid advantages of colonial bishoprics, 562; excessive subdivision of dioceses, 563; compared with home episcopacy, 564, 565; mischief of territorial titles in the colonies, ib. 567; the evils illustrated at Cape Town, ib.; serious nature of Anglican pretensions, 569; pitiable condition of sinecure bishops, 570; temptations to neglect bred by forced inactivity, 571; indeterminate authority of, over the subordinate clergy, ib.; relations with dissenting bodies, 573; proposed mixed synods of clergy and laity, 576; attempts to constitute governing bodies by mere voluntary agreement, 577; irrational notions of spiritual law in the Colonies, ib. 578; the notions dispelled by English lawyers, ib.; appeal to Parliament for an enabling Act, 579; the Bills of 1852 and 1854, ib.; fierce opposition in Parliament, ib.; the latter measure withdrawn, 580; the movement renewed in colonial legislatures, ib.; the Canadian Act passed, ib.; policy in South Australia, ib. 581; case of Long v. Bishop of Cape Town, 582-585 Colonisation Society, the, in America, its scheme for deporting slaves to Africa, cxix. 205; its cautious introduction in the North, 210; its plans resisted by the negroes, ib.; similar proposals of Lincoln, 223 Colquhoun (John), his 'Isis Revelata,' cxxxi. 207; his literary character, 208 Columbia (British), its geographical union with Canada anticipated, cxii. 331 its erection into a colony, cxix. 451; limited means of approach to, 460; physical features, 461; gold-mining in, 468; prospects of the mining population, 471 Columbus (Christopher, 1442-1506), his views on Eastern commerce, CXV. 13 Comets, publications concerning, exl. 393; the comet of 8 July, 1874, ib.; of 1843, 394; their perihelion passage, ib.; their material and Command, the word defined by Mr. Austin, cxiv. 463 Commercial Treaty (French), argu- results of, cxx. 570, 571 (1860), originated in the Reports of Committees on sittings,' ib.; Mr. Disraeli's changes therein, ib.; Ministers and independent Members, 68; unsvstematic division of time, ib. 69; massacre of the innocents,' 70; Government Bills withdrawn, 71; want of method in proceedings, ib.; the Committees of 1837 and 1848, ib.; intermingling of debates, 73; question of the clôture, ib.; and limitation of speeches by rule, 74; practice in America, 75; double discussion on second readings of Bills, 76; privileges of private Members, 77; the Committee of 1854, ib.; of 1861, 78; frivolous amendments on motion for Supply, 79; waste of Fridays, ib.; barren inquiry in 1861, 80; the clôture recommended, ib.; question of curtailing number of Bills, 83; Public Bill Revision Committee' proposed, 84; sittings of Committee of the whole House, ib.; Sir J. Pakington's proposal thereon, ib.; powers of Select Committees might be enlarged, 85; obstructive motions for adjournment, 86; presentation of petitions, ib.; preliminary delays, 87; questions of enforced divisions on Wednesdays, ib.; and of reviving Bills the next session in statu quo, 88; need of remedies, 89 Commons, House of, rules of, adopted by France and America, cxxxiv. 588; the previous question,' 589 note; unrestrained latitude of debate, 591; motions before Supply, b.; proposed Grand Committees, 592; remedy for talking bills out,' 594; evening sittings might be divided, 595; Private Bill legislation should be abolished, 596. obstructive power of, over Government, cxxxv. 87 (see Parliamentary Government); former talking-out of questions after petitions, 517; value of recent rule thereon, ib.; former advantages of close boroughs, 532 Commune of 1871, the. See Paris Commune Communistic sentiment, growth of, CXV. 194 Comparative Theology. See Theology, Comparative Competition, its effects on price, cxxx. 394 Competitive Examinations, defects of, applied to legal studies, cxxx. 554 opening of the Indian Civil Service to, cxxxix. 330; sinister predictions, 331; objections to, overruled, ib. 333; failure of, in the Indian Civil Service, 334; alleged exclusion of competent officials, ib.; evils of the 'cramming' system, 343 (see Indian Civil Service); wide field of subjects, 345; opposed to university system of education, 347; success of crammers explained, 348; hardships of defeated candidates, ib.; remedies proposed, 349; restriction and classification of subjects, ib.; question of natural science, 350; limit of age should be raised, ib.; the system at Woolwich, 351; the cramming system, ib. 355; the principle of competition abused, 356; evils thereof, in filling up the higher departments, 357; importance of previous nominations, 358 Comprehension Act (1689), cxl. 441 Comte (M. Auguste, 1798–1857), his Cours de Philosophie Positive,' cxxvii. 303; his tedious course of argument, 306; his pretentiousness and dogmatism, 307; his early life, ib.; associated with Saint-Simon, 309; their quarrel, 310; his early essays in the Producteur,' ib.; his unhappy marriage, 311; his insanity, 312; he attempts suicide, ib. ; his recovery, his theory of the stages of 'Compurgation,' the form of trial 'Comus,' Milton's masque of, cxi. Comyn, Scottish family of, cxxvi. Conches (M. Feuillet de), his Letters relating to Louis XVI. and Marie his 'Causeries d'un Curieux : Condé, House of, pedigree of, traced to Robert the Strong, cxxx. 357; James, Count de la Marche, ib.; John II. 358 (Louis de Bourbon, Prince de, 1530-1569); founder of the House of Condé, cxxx. 359; his parentage and early life, ib.; marriage, 360; military service, ib.; his conduct at the battle of St. Quentin, 361; alienation from the French Court, ib.; conspiracy of Amboise, 362; condemned to death at Orleans, 363; his liberation, 364; leader of the Huguenots, 366; unfitted for his post, 368; campaign with Coligny, 369; the Edict of Amboise and Isabella de Limeuil, 370; his dissipation, 372; intrigues of Catherine and the Guises, ib.; quarrels with the Court, 373; battle of St. Denis, ib.; the Duc D'Aumale on his strategic talents, 374; his death, 376; character, 377 (Henry I. of Bourbon, 2nd Prince de, d. 1588), his education, cxxx. 377; early relations with the Court, 378; leads the extreme Reformers, b.; relations with Henry of Navarre, 380; wounded at Coutras, 382; his death, 383; his character by the Duc d'Aumale, ib.; captivity of his widow and son, ib. (Henry II. of Bourbon, 3rd Prince de, 1588-1646), his captivity in youth, cxxx. 383; acknowledged by Henry IV., 384; brought up as a Catholic, ib.; his ungraceful appearance, 385; character of his wife, 385; his quarrel with Henry IV., 386 Confederates, the, gloomy prospects of, in 1864, cxxi. 259. American War of Secession 'Confession of Faith,' the, flexible language of, at the Reformation in Scotland, cxiv. 407 See Confetti, origin of the practice at the Carnival, cxxxii. 305 Confucius, his works translated by Dr. Legge, cxxix. 303; state of China when he was born, 306; legends of his childhood, 307; his marriage, ib.; takes pupils, 308; he removes from Loo to Ts'e, 309; chief magistrate of Chung-Too, 310; his attention to social reforms and to court etiquette, ib.; compared with Pythagoras, 131; his exile, ib.; his revision of the ancient Books, 312; his death and burial-place, 313; devotion of his pupils, 314; his appearance and habits, 315; his recorded conversations, 316; his high conceptions of morality, 317; a restorer, not an original teacher, ib. 318; his system denounced by Dr. Legge, 319; his precepts on the attributes of God, ib.; relations with Laoutsze, 322; his view of filial duties, 323; of death, 326; on the Supernatural, 328; a typical Chinese, 330; his cold and colourless philosophy, 331; national benefits of his system, 332 Coniferous trees, cxx. 345; the Pinetum Britannicum' of Messrs. Lawson, 346; fossilised remains of, 347; the Scotch fir and spruce, 348; the stone pine, 349; value of the pinaster for plantations, ib.; origin of its name 'Pouch fir,' 351; introduction of the larch, ib.; the larch-disease, 352; the silver fir brought from Germany, 353; the American deciduous cypress, ib.; cedar of Goa, 354; cedars of Lebanon, ib.; specimen formerly in the Jardin des Plantes, 355; the grove on Mount Lebanon, ib.; the deodar introduced for ship-building, 357; its supposed specific identity with the cedar, 358; American species of pines introduced, 359 note; the Weymouth |