next, through good-natured parliaments and lenient chancellors, to be again "spouted," as the exigency might offer. Thus, when Henry III., who had quarrelled with his nobles, judiciously confided his jewels to the care of the Queen of France, he obtained a supply of money upon them from the French merchants sufficient to meet the expenses of the rebellion, leaving them to be redeemed by his successor.

Edward I. was a prudent monarch, and made no such speculating transfer of the brilliant "portable property" pertaining to the crown. He owned no less than four crowns; one set with rubies, emeralds and pearls; one set with Indian pearls only; a third mounted with emeralds and rubies; and, most valuable of all, the great crown of gold used at his coronation, ornamented with

Temporal Sceptre. St. Edward's Staff. Spiritual Sceptre, (Victoria.) (Victoria,)

IMPERIAL ORB.

emeralds, sapphires, rubies and large eastern pearls. We publish an inventory of his smaller wares, as transmitted us by history: gilt combs and mirrors, pearl-covered ewers, silver-gilt mugs, knives and forks in silver sheaths, crosses set with precious stones, silver girdles and trumpets, gold clasps and rings, and a fine collection of amethysts, topazes, sapphires, diamonds, rubies, emeralds, carbuncles, garnets and chalcedonies. These were deposited in Westminster Abbey, from whence many of them were stolen by the monks of London, during the absence of Edward. Some were found upon receivers, who were imprisoned in the Tower, but the fate of the real thieves is not known.

Following the fortunes of succeeding monarchs, we find Edward III. raising war-sinews by pawning his crown and jewels to the Flemings. His grandson redeemed them, but

pawned them for ten thousand pounds to the Bishop of London and the Earl of Arundel. Richard II. was improvident, and pawned his jewels. Henry V., when about fighting for his claim on France, pawned his "Rich Collar" for £2800, to the Mayor and Commonwealth of London, and another collar, garnished with rubies, sapphires and pearls, to the Bishop of Winchester and the city of Coventry. The former he redeemed the next year; the latter was in pawn when he died. His son, the sixth Henry, was always in the market. He borrowed of his "uncle," in a double sense, the rich cardinal, Bishop of Winchester, seven thousand marks ($22,540), pledging therefor the "Rich Collar," a gold sword garnished with sapphires, known as the sword of Spain, the Sklyngton collar, three gold tablets-St. George, Our Lady and

lords and ladies. asked to replace a quarter of a million's worth. He did not replace them, however, but put in a plea of condonation. Among the crown jewels inventoried by the order of James, were a crown imperial of gold; two circlets of gold;

The Earl of Suffolk was

Christ's Passion-a great alms-dish," made in manner of a shypp full of men-of-arms feyghtyng upon the shipp side," and divers chargers, dishes, chalices, pots, basins and saucers. The bishop was an extortioner, and conditioned that the pledges should become his property if not redeemed within a year. Later, Henry" put up" two gold basins, a gold tablet, and a little bell of the same material, to the Earl of Buckingham, as security for the payment of himself and soldiers for services rendered in France.

Down to Elizabeth, the monarchs made no loans; perhaps because the supply had become exhausted. Elizabeth lent money, instead of borrowing, and left behind her a cupboard full of plate, belonging to the house of Burgundy, which she held as security for advances made to the states of Brabant. James I., immediately upon his accession to the throne, ordered an inventory of all the jewels and valuables left by Queen Bess, and to collect those she had allowed to remain in the hands of certain

Marie d'Este's Sceptre. Temp'l Sceptre. Spirit'! Sceptre (William IV.) (William IV.)

fifteen gold collars; 66 a great and rich jewel of gold, called the Mirror of Great Britain, containing one very fair table diamond, one very fair table ruby, two other large diamonds, cut lozenge-wise, garnished with small diamonds, two round pearls, and one fair diamond cut in

fawcetts;" a great two-handed sword, garnished with silver, presented to Henry VIII. by the pope; and three pieces "esteemed to be of unicorn's horn." In the year 1617, James was much offended with the aldermen of London because they refused to advance him a hundred thousand pounds upon the crown jewels, that sum being wanted to defray the moiety of the cost of his progress into Scotland. However, he contrived to raise sixty thousand

AMPULLA. pounds upon them in some other quarter. His majesty's "progresses" were extensive affairs. On the occasion of making a petty journey to Otelands, Oking and Windsor, his purse-bearer wrote, "We are driven to hardships for money, and all too little, so that we are fain to make sale of jewels for twenty thousand pounds to furnish out this progress."

Charles I. borrowed money freely on the crown jewels, without the advice or consent of his counsellors, with his customary imperiousness denying their right to interfere. He sent the Duke of Buckingham to the Hague to negotiate loans upon them, but it was with the greatest difficulty that the sum of £58,000 was raised. The delayed payment of the interest on this caused a threat of distress, and to save the honor of the crown, Charles ordered the sale of four thousand tons of iron ordnance to the States-General for £120,000. With this sum the honor was redeemed, but the recovered plate went to the smelting-pot to appease other Dutch creditors. Charles was an imperious and unscrupulous fellow. Not satisfied with pawning the crown jewels and plate,

CORONATION BRACELETS.

he "put up" his regal ornaments as long as he had any. Among these discarded ornaments were twelve pieces of goldsmith's work, like friar's knots, with ninety-one pendent pearls, being part of a collar of gold; two great half-round pearls, taken from the Mirror of Britain; four gold collars, including that of the Order of St. Michael, composed of twentyfour knots of gold, and twenty-four double

scallop-shells, with the saint hanging to it by a couple of little chains; also, a gold lorayne or double cross, set with diamonds and rubies; an old jewel in the shape of the letter M; a circlet of gold "new made for our dear mother Queen Anne, having in

the midst eight fair diamonds, eight fair rubies, eight emeralds and eight sapphires, and garnished with thirty-two small diamonds, thirty-two small rubies, and sixty-four pearls, and on each border thirty-two diamonds and rubies;" and a girdle of rubies in the form of red and white roses first worn by Elizabeth of York, whose marriage with the victor of Bosworth field united the white rose with the red. Charles was a great patron of jewellers, when the poorest, to one of whom he sold two large diamonds for £12,454. The very year that Buckingham was begging the Dutch money-brokers for loans on the crown jewels, he run in debt for a diamond worth £8000, a gold ring £400, a jewel set with diamonds £9500, and a lookingglass set with diamonds £2500. These jewel

- possibly

CORONATION SPUR.

ANOINTING SPOON.

lers were greatly troubled to get their money, and Sir Thomas Rowe, after waiting patiently for three years and a half, complained bitterly that he saw no prospect of obtaining £2500 for jewels that he had procured for the queen, paying actually £3000 for them out of his own purse. In 1642, the fatal year for Charles, he authorized Queen Henrietta to sell his great collar of rubies and other jewels she had conveyed abroad, for the purpose of raising money for the purchase of arms for his adherents, when parliament interfered, emptied the jewel chest, and sold the contents, calling on all those who had any of the crown jewels to return them. Among the historic regalia confiscated by this act of parliament, were "the imperial crown of massy gold," commonly called King Edward's crown (this dated from Edward III.'s reign; the original Confessor's crown disappeared long before); King

Alfred's crown of gold wire-work, set with slight stones and two little bells; the queen's crown; Edward VI.'s crown; and Queen Edith's crown, "formerly thought to be of massy gold, but upon trial found to be of silver-gilt, enriched with garnetts, foule pearl, saphires, and some odd stones." Four sceptres were also broken and defaced, and the perpetrators of this destruction discovered that one of them was only silver-gilt; that a large, dove-headed staff was wood inside and silver-gilt without; and a smaller one, decorated with the fleur-de-luce, was iron within and gilt without, instead of being "massy gold," as they had fondly imagined.

The Protectorate introduced a new order of things, and during the nine years of its existence there probably was not much crown jewelry to be disposed of. That was abjured, with other vanities of the flesh, by Cromwell. Iron and lead suited the grim old puritan better than the baubles of an effeminate and luxurious royalty, and the jewel chest was not replenished.

The restoration of the house of Stuart restored the tastes of the Stuarts. The necessity of regalia was an essential of the time, and the people, simple and modest under the stern and unostentatious rule of Cromwell, grew suddenly in love with insignia, and made no murmur when goldsmith Vyner's bill, in the first year of the restoration, was put in, to the extent of £31,978, 9s. 11d., for regalia. Besides that, twelve hundred pounds had to be paid for some borrowed stones lost during the coronation ceremonial. Charles II. seems to have lost no time in doing something toward restocking the jewel-house. He bought a valuable oriental ruby, and a large heart-diamond of great perfection, and decorated his stirrups with three hundred and twenty diamonds. In the third year of his reign, we find one Mary Simpson petitioning his majesty to award her £15,595, for jewels supplied to him by her father and

SWORD OF MERCY SWORD OF SPIRITUAL (SHEATHED) JUSTICE.

onel Blood, whom the king subsequently rewarded with a pension, leaving the faithfuli keeper of the jewel-house, who had risked his life in defence of the royal treasure, to go. unrewarded.

The crown jewels have, since Charles's day,. remained pretty much unmolested, with occa sional additions of a gem, but with no sales. The Koh-i-noor and the great Rajah diamonds

STATE SALT CELLAR.

are the latest additions, and are objects of admiration to thousands of visitors to the Tower of London, wherein the jewels have been kept for centuries. Formerly, a high price was charged for admission to see them, but there were few who cared to pay it. The government, of late years, realizing the sound philosophy of the motto of Oak Hall, "small profits and large sales," reduced the price, and the result is a handsome income. The first object of interest to the spectator is the Imperial Crown, represented on page 7. This was made for the coronation of Victoria, in 1838, with jewels taken from old crowns, and others furnished for the occasion. It consists of diamonds, pearls, rubies, sapphires and emeralds, set in silver and gold. It has a crimson velvet cap, with ermine border, and is lined with white silk. Its gross weight is thirty-nine ounces and five pwts., Troy. The lower part of the band, above the ermine border, consists of a row of one hundred and twenty-nine pearls, and the upper part of the band a row of one hundred and twelve pearls, between which, in front of the crown, is a large sapphire (partly drilled), purchased for the crown by

King George the Fourth. At the back is a sapphire of smaller size, and six other sapphires (three on each side), between which are eight emeralds. Above and below the seven sapphires are fourteen diamonds, and around the eight emeralds one hundred and twenty-eight diamonds. Between the emeralds and sapphires are sixty trefoil ornaments, containing one hundred and sixty diamonds. Above the band are eight sapphires, surmounted by eight diamonds, between which are eight festoons, consisting of one hundred and forty-eight diamonds. In front of the crown, and in the centre of a diamond Maltese cross, is the famous ruby said to have been given to Edward the Black Prince by Don Pedro, King of Castile, after the battle of Najera, A. D. 1367. This ruby was worn in the helmet of Henry the Fifth at the battle of Agincourt, A. D. 1415. It is pierced quite through, after the Eastern custom, the upper part of the piercing being filled by a small ruby. Around this ruby, to form the cross, are seventy-five brilliant diamonds. Three other Maltese crosses, forming the two sides and back of the crown, have emerald centres, and contain respectively one hundred and twenty-four and one hundred and thirty brilliant diamonds. Between the four Maltese crosses are four ornaments in the form of a French fleur-de-lis, with four rubies in the centre, and surrounded by rose diamonds, containing respectively eighty-six and eighty-seven rose diamonds. From the Maltese crosses issue four imperial arches, composed of oak leaves and acorns; the leaves containing seven hundred and twenty-eight rose, table and brilliant diamonds; thirty-two pearls forming the acorns, set in cups containing fifty-four rose diamonds and one table diamond. The total number of diamonds in the arches and acorns is one hundred and eight brilliants, one hundred and sixteen table, and five hundred and fifty-nine rose diamonds. From the upper part of the arches are suspended four large pendent pearshaped pearls, with rose diamond cups, containing twelve rose diamonds, and stems containing twentyfour very small diamonds.

Above the arch stands the STATE SALT CELLAR.