HON Romans, and had a joint temple consecrated to them at Rome: but afterwards each of them had separate temples, which were so placed that no one could enter the temple of Honor without passing through that of Virtue; by which the Romans were continually put in mind that virtue is the only direct path to true glory. Plutarch tells us that the Romans, contrary to their usual custom, sacrificed to Honor uncovered; perhaps to denote, that, wherever honor is, it wants no covering, but shows itself openly to the world. HONOR, in the beau monde, has a meaning materially different from the above, and which it is easier to illustrate than define. It is however subject to a system of rules, called the laws of honor, constructed by people of fashion, calculated to facilitate their intercourse with one another, and for no other purpose. Consequently nothing is considered as inconsistent with honor, but what tends to incommode its intercourse. Hence, as Paley very properly states the matter, profaneness, neglect of public worship or private devotion, cruelty to servants, rigorous treatment of tenants or other dependents, want of charity to the poor, injuries done to tradesmen by insolvency or delay of payment, with numberless examples of the same kind, are accounted no breaches of honor; because a man is not a less agreeable companion for these vices, nor the worse to deal with in those concerns which are usually transacted between one gentleman and another. Again, the law of honor being constituted by men occupied in the pursuit of pleasure, and for the mutual convenience of such men, will be found, as might be expected from the character and design of the law-makers, to be, in most instances, favorable to the licentious indulgence of the natural passions. Thus it allows of fornication, adultery, drunkenness, prodigality, duelling, and revenge in the extreme; and lays no stress upon the opposite virtues. The king is styled the fountain of honor, as being the source of honors, dignities, &c. See PREROGATIVE. Although the origin of all sovereignty is in the people, yet it is absolutely impossible that government can be maintained without a due subordination of rank. The British constitution has therefore entrusted the king with the sole power of conferring dignities and honors, in confidence that he will bestow them only upon such as deserve them. Hence all degrees of nobility, of knighthood, and other titles, are received by immediate grant from the crown: either expressed in writing, by writs or letters patent, as in the creation of peers and baronets; or by corporeal investiture, as in the creation of a simple knight. From the same principle also arises the prerogative of erecting and disposing of offices; for honors are in their nature convertAll offices under the ible and synonymous. crown carry, in the eye of the law, an honor along with them; because they imply a superiority of abilities, being supposed to be always filled with those who are most able to execute them. In fact all honors, in their original, had duties or offices annexed to them; an earl, comes, was the conservator or governor of a county; and a knight, miles, was bound to attend the For the same reason, there king in his wars. HONOR, MAIDS OF, are young ladies in the queen's household, whose office is to attend the queen when she goes abroad, &c. In Britain they are six in number, and their salary is £300 a year each. HONOR POINT, in heraldry, is that next above the centre of the escutcheon, dividing the upper part into two equal portions. HONORS OF WAR, in a siege, is when a governor, having made a long and vigorous defence, is at last obliged to surrender the place to the enemy for want of men and provisions, and makes it one of his principal articles to march out with the honors of war; that is, with shouldered arms, drums beating, colors flying, and all the baggage, &c. All armies salute HONORS, MILITARY. crowned heads in the most respectful manner, drums beating a march, colors and standards dropping, and officers saluting. Their guards pay no compliment, except to the princes of the blood; and even that by courtesy, in the absence of the crowned head. To the commander in chief the whole line turns out without arms, and the camp-guards beat a march, and salute. To generals of horse and foot, they beat a march, and salute; lieutenant-generals of ditto, three ruffs, and salute; major-generals of ditto two ruffs, and salute; brigadiers of ditto one ruff and salute; colonels of ditto, rested arms, and no All beating. Sentinels rest their arms to all fieldofficers, and shoulder to every officer. governors that are not general officers, in all places where they are governors, have one ruff, with rested arms; but for those who have no commission as governors, no drum beats. Lieutenant-governors have the main-guard turned out to them with shouldered arms. The admiral or commander-in-chief of his majesty's fleet, is to rank with a field-martial of the army. The adVice-admirals, with their flags on the main-top-masthead, are to have rank with generals. mirals are to have rank as lieutenant-generals Rear-admirals are to have rank as major-generals. Commodores, with broad pendants, are to have rank as brigadier-generals. Captains commanding post ships, after three years from the date of their first commission for a post ship, are to have rank as colonels. All other captains, commanding post ships, are to have rank as lieutenant-colonels. Captains of his majesty's ships or vessels, not taking post, are to have rank as majors. Lieutenants of his majesty's ships are to have rank as captains. The rank and precedence of sea officers, in the classes above-mentioned, are to take place according to the seniority of their respective commissions. No land officer is to command any of his majesty's squadrons or ships, nor any sea-officer to command at land; nor shall either have a right to demand military honors due to their respective ranks, unless they are upon actual service. All guards and sentinels are to pay the same compliments to the officers of the royal navy as are directed to be paid to the officers of the army, according to their relative ranks. The compliments above directed are to be paid by the troops to officers in the service of any power in alliance with his majesty according to their respective ranks. The honors paid by sentinels to the officers when encamped, or in garrison, are-Field-marshals; two sentinels, with ordered firelocks, at their tent or quarters. Generals of horse or foot; two sentinels, one with his firelock shouldered, the other ordered. Lieutenant-generals; one, with firelock ordered. Major-generals; one, HONORIUS, the second son of Theodox the Great, was associated in the empire with to brother Arcadius, A. D. 395. See ROME E died at Ravenna, A. D. 423, aged thirty-nine. HONTHEIM (John Nicholas de), a leane author, born at Treves in 1700. He was nat suffragan to the archbishop elector, and w man of great taste and erudition. He wrote, L Historia Trevisensis Diplomatica et Pragmat, 3 vols. folio. 2. A Supplement to it, in 2 vi folio. 3. De Præsenti Statu Ecclesiæ Libe Singularis, 5 vols. 4to. He died in 1790. HOOD, in composition, is derived from Sax. pad; in Germ. heit; in Dut. heid. It de notes quality; character; condition; as, knigh hood; childhood; fatherhood. Sometimes it a written after the Dutch, as maidenhead. Some times it is taken collectively: as, brotherhood, a confraternity; sisterhood, a company of sisters HOOD, n. s. & v. a. HOOD'MAN-BLIND, N. s. HOOD'WINK, V. a. Sax. pod, probaty from hepod, bad The upper covering of a woman's head; a monk's cowl; a covering par over the hawk's eyes when he is not to fly; an ornamental fold that hangs down the back of i graduate, to mark his degree: to hood, to dress in a hood ;to blind; to cover: hoodman-blind a play in which the person hooded is to catch another, and tell the name; blindman's buff: hoodwink, to blind with something bound over the eyes; a cover; hide; deceive; impose upon. A white cote and a blew hode wered he. Chaucer. Prologue to Cant. Tala While grace is saying, I'll hood mine eyes Thus with my hat, and sigh, and say, Amen. Shakspeare. What devil was't, That thus hath cozened you at hoodman blind? 1. Be patient; for the prize I'll bring thee to, Shall hood-wink this mischance. 14. We will bind and hood-wink him so, that he shal with firelock shouldered. The first battalion of guards go under arms to the king only; not to stand by, nor draw up in the rear of their arms to any other; nor to give sentinels to foreigners. Second and third battalions draw up behind their arms to the princes, and to field-marshals; but when on grenadier guards, or out-posts, they suppose he is carried into the leaguer of the adver turn out, as other guards do, to the officers of the day. They give one sentinel with shouldered arms to the princes of the blood, and to fieldmarshals when they lie alone in garrison. HONORABLE, a title conferred on the youngest sons of earls, the sons of viscounts and barons; as also on such persons as have the king's commission, and upon those who enjoy places of trust and honor. Members of the king's privy council are styled right honorable. HONGRARY is often applied to persons who bear some title or office merely for the name's sake, without performing any of its functions, or receiving any advantage from it; such as honorary counsellors, honorary fellows, &c. HONORIACI, in antiquity, an order of soldiery in the eastern empire, who introduced the Goths, Vandals, Alani, Suevi, &c., into Spain. Didymus and Verinianus, two brothers, had, with great vigilance and valor, defended the passages of the Pyreneaus against the Barbarians for some time, at their own expense; but, being at length killed, the emperor Constantius appointed the honoriaci to defend those passages, who, after laying them open to all the nations of the north then ravaging the Gauls, joined those nations themselves. saries. So have I seen, at Christmas sports, one lost, And hood-winked, for a man embrace a post. Ben Jensen Then might ye see, Cowls, hoods, and habits, with their wearers tost, And fluttered into rags. Milton's Paradise Lost. She delighted in infamy, which often she had used to her husband's shame, filling all men's ears, but his, with reproach; while he, hood-winked with kindnes, Sidney. least of all men knew who struck him. They willingly hood-winking themselves from seeing his faults, he often abused the virtue of courage to defend his foul vice of injustice. Id. An hollow crystal pyramid he takes. In firmamental waters dipt above; Of it a broad extinguisher he makes, And hoods the flames that to their quarry strove. Dryden In velvet, white as snow, the troop was gowned: Their hoods and sleeves the same. Id. The cobler aproned, and the parsen gowned, The friar hooded, and the monarch crowned. Pope. On high, where no hoarse winds or clouds resort, The hood-winked goddess keeps her partial court. Garth. He undertook so to muffle up himself in his hood, Wotton. that none should discern him. Let due civilities be paid, traction or narrowness of the horn of the quarters, which straitens the quarters of the heels, and oftentimes makes the horse lame. A hoof-bound horse has a narrow heel, the sides of which come too near one another, insomuch that the flesh is kept too tight, and has not its natural extent. Farrier's Dictionary. And long upon my startled ear Rung his dark courser's hoofs of fear. Byron. The Giaour. HOOFT (Peter Cornelius Van), an eminent historian and poet, born in Amsterdam in 1581. He was lord of Muyden, and judge of Goyland. He died at the Hague in 1647. He wrote, 1. Then she who hath been hood-winked from her birth, History of the Netherlands, from the Abdication The wall surrender to the hooded maid. Gay. The lacerna came, from being a military habit, to be a common dress: it had a hood, which could be separated from and joined to it. Arbuthnot. Doth first herself within death's mirrour see. Davies. HOOD (Robert, or Robin), a famous outlaw and deer-stealer, who chiefly harbored in Sherwood forest, in Nottinghamshire. He was a man of family, which, by his pedigree, appears to have had some title to the earldom of Huntingdon; and lived about the end of the twelfth century. He was famous for archery, and for his treatment of all travellers who came in his way, levying contributions on the rich, and relieving the poor. Falling sick at last, and requiring to be blooded, he is said to have been betrayed, and bled to death. He died in 1247, and was buried at Kirklees in Yorkshire, the a Benedictine monastery, where his gravestone is still shown. HOOD (Samuel Lord Viscount), an English admiral, entered as a midshipman in the navy in 1740, and six years after was promoted to a lieutenancy; in 1754 he was made master and commander, and in 1759 post-captain. His father, we believe, was a clergyman in Devonshire. In 1778 he had the office of commissioner of Portsmouth dock-yard bestowed on him, but resigned it two years after, and was employed in the West Indies, where he preserved the isle of St. Christopher's from being taken by count de Grasse, of Charles V. to the year 1588. 2. Several Comedies, and Poems. 3. Historia Henrici IV. for which Louis XIII. made him a knight of St. Michael. 4. A Translation of Tacitus into Dutch. HOOGEVEEN (Henry), a learned Dutch author, born at Leyden in 1712. His parents, though poor, gave him a good education, and in 1732 he became assistant master in the academy of Gorcum, and in 1738 removed to Culemburg. In 1745 he settled at Breda; in 1761 at Dort; and in 1764 at Delft, where he died in 1794. His works are 1. An Edition of Vigerus de Idiotismis Linguæ Græcæ. 2. Doctrina Particularum Linguæ Græcæ, 2 vols. 4to. 3. Several Latin Poems, &c. 4. Dictionarium Analogicum Græcum. Cambridge 1800. HOOGHLY, or Saatgong, a district of Bengal, situated between 21° and 23° of N. lat., and extending on both sides of the river Bhagarutty. The coast is swampy and overgrown with jungle; but the northern part is fertile. It is intersected by rivers, and contains two extensive salt manufactories, as well as all the principal towns of the European nations settled in Bengal, on the Bha garutty. HOOGHLY, or Golin, a town of Bengal, once the capital of the foregoing district. It is supposed and was a rear-admiral at the defeat of that ofhito have been founded and fortified by the Portucer by Rodney, April 12th 1782. His services were now rewarded with an Irish peerage. In guese in the year 1538, and soon drew away the trade from Saatgong. In the middle of the 1784 he was M.P. for Westminster; but vacated seventeenth century the emperor Shah Jehan, his seat in 1788 on obtaining the appointment who was irritated against the Portuguese attackof a lord of the admiralty. In 1793 he signal-ed this place, and after a siege of three months ised himself by the taking of Toulon, and afterwards Corsica; in reward for which he was made a viscount, and governor of Greenwich hospital. He died at Bath in 1816. HOOF, n. s. Sax. por; Dut. hoef HOOF ED adj. Teutonic huff. The hard HOOF-BOUND, adj. horny substance on the feet of graminivorous animals. Hoofed, furnished with hoofs. Hoof-bound, a disease to which horses are subject. With the hoofs of his horses shall he tread down all thy streets. Ezek. xxvi. 11. The bull and ran know the use of their horns, as More. well as the horse of his hoofs. Among quadrupeds, the roe-deer is the swiftest; of all the hoofed the horse is the most beautiful; of ail the clawed the lion is the strongest. Grew. Now I behold the steed curvet and bound, And paw with restless hoof the smoking ground. Gay. A horse is said to be hoof-bound when he has a pain in the fore-feet, occasioned by the dryness and con and a half it was taken. In this siege not less than 1000 men of the Portuguese were killed, and 4400 men, women, and children, taken prisoners. On its capture 500 of the best looking young persons were sent to Agra; the girls being distributed among the harems of the emperor and nobility, and the boys forcibly made Mahommedans. Hooghly now became an imperial port: and a special governor was appointed, who, in the course of time, became independent of the provincial authorities. A few years after the English and Dutch obtained permission to erect factories here; when the former imprudently built theirs in the town; but the Dutch made choice of a spot two miles down the river. Hooghly, under the name of Bukhshy Bunder, became at this period the emporium of the greatest part of the trade carried on between Europe, Persia, Arabia, and India. The duties were levied ad valorem at two per cent. from Mahommedans, and three and a half from all others except the English, who only paid 3000 rupees annually on the whole amount of their trade. At last (1686) a dispute occurred between the imperial troops and the English soldiers, when both parties had recourse to arms. During the confict, our admiral Nicholson opened a cannonade on the town, which burnt 500 houses, and the British factory, valued at £300,000 sterling. The nabob, who resided at Dacca, was so highly incensed at this, that he ordered all the English factories and property to be confiscated. He also sent a force to expel them from Hooghly; but the English in the mean time embarked all their property and dropt down the river to Chuttanutty, the present Calcutta. At the peace of the following year, the nabob wished the English to return to Hooghly; but they declined the offer, and established themselves at Chuttanutty. In 1696 Hooghly was taken and plundered by the rebels Soobha Sing and Rehim Khan, but was soon after recovered by the Dutch and restored to the Mogul government. Hooghly was governed from this period to the middle of the last century by foujdars, under the nabob of Bengal; and, as it was a place of considerable importance and emolument, they always appointed one of their particular friends. On the 10th of January 1757 it was taken by the British; and after retaken by the nabob Serajead-dowleh: in the month of June it was again taken possession of by the British. They nevertheless afte wards permitted the nabobs Meer Jaffier and Cossim Aly to appoint the foujdars; but in 1765, when the East India Company was appointed by the emperor dewan or collector of the revenues of Bengal, Bahar, and Orissa, they transferred the port duties from Hooghly to Calcutta since this period the former has declined. The site of the old English factory is occupied by a handsome jail. Long. 80° 28′ E., lat. 22° 24' N. HOOGHLY RIVER, or the Bhagirutty is a river of Bengal, formed by the junction of the Ganges, the Dummooda, and Roopnarain rivers. The entrance is extremely dangerous and difficult, by reason of the sand-banks, frequently shifting; and which it would be the height of folly in the captain of any ship to attempt to pass without a pilot. The spring tides run up with great violence, advancing at the rate of fifteen miles an hour, and frequently overset boats. The effect is called by the natives Hooma. It gives notice of its approach by a rumbling noise: and the mode of escaping its fury is by getting into deep water, and facing it. The tide does not extend more than thirty miles above Calcutta. There are several kinds of good fish caught in this river; but it also abounds with crocodiles and sharks. At Calcutta it is about three quarters of a mile broad; but at the mouth eight or ten miles wide. Few rivers have a more extensive commerce than it carries on; but it is only navigable for ships as high as the tide reaches. It is esteemed by the Hindoos the most sacred branch of the Ganges: and those who cannot afford to burn their dead, throw their bodies into it. HOOGSTRATTEN (David Van), professor of belles lettres at Amsterdam, was born at Rot Sax. hoc; Bel. hoeck; Teutonic hocke Any terdam in 1658. He published, 1. Poems in Latin. 2. Poems in Flemish. 3. A Latin Flemish Dictionary. 4. Notes upon Nepos and Terence. 5. A fine edition of Phædrus, for the prince of Nassau, in the style of the classics in usum Delphini. In the evening of Nov. 13th, 1724, he fell into a canal, and, though immediately taken out, died within eight days after, from the cold and fright. HOOK, n. s. & v. a. HOOK'ED, adj. HOOKEDNESS, N. 8. thing bent so as to catch HOOK'NOSED, adj. hold: as a shepherd's hook, and pot-hooks; the curvated wire on which the bait is hung for fishes; a snare; an iron to seize the meat in the caldron, called a flesh-hook; a sickle; an instrument to lop branches of trees; the part of the hinge fixed to the post: hence the saying off the hooks' for in disorder or out of temper. Hook, a field sown two years running: hook-or-crook, one way or other. To hook, to catch; entrap; fasten; draw out, whether by force or artifice. Hooked, bent; curvated. Hooknosed, having the aquiline nose-rise in the middle. He sticketh him upon his speres ordes : He bringeth the cuppe and biddeth hem be blith. Chaucer. The Plowmannes Tale. Then came to them a good old aged syre, Whose silver lockes bedeckt his beard and hed, With shepheard's hooke in hand in fit attyre. Spenser's Faerie Queene. About the caldron many cooks accoiled, With books and ladles, as need did require ; The while the viands in the vessel boiled. Like unto golden hooks, That from the foolish fish their baits do hide. Id. The huge jack he had caught was served up for the first dish upon our sitting down to it, he gave us a long account how he had hooked it, played with it, foiled it, and at length drew it out upon the bank. Addison. Let me less cruel cast the feathered hook Pope. While Sheridan is off the hooks, And friend Delany at his books. Swift. HOOKS OF A SHIP are all those forked timbers which are placed directly upon the keel, as well in her run as in her rake. Can-hooks are those which being made fast to the end of a rope with a noose (like that which brewers use to sling or carry their barrels on), are made use of for slings. Loof-hooks are a tackle with two hooks; one to hitch into a cringle of the main or fore sail, in the bolt-rope at the leech of the sail by the clew; and the other is to hitch into a strap, which is spliced to the chess tree. Their use is to pull down the sail, and succour the tackles in a large sail and stiff gale, that all the stress may not bear upon the tack. It is also used when the tack is to be seized more secure, and to take off or put on a bonnet or drabbler. Hook (James), a musician of Norwich, was born 1746, and studied the science which he afterwards professed under Garland, organist to the cathedral of that city. His musical productions amount to more than 140 complete works. Of these the principal are The Ascension, an oratorio, 1776: Cupid's Revenge, a pastoral, 1772; Lady of the Manor, 1778; Jack of Newbury, 1795; Wilmore Castle, 1800; Soldier's Return, 1805; Operas. Tekeli, a melodrame; The Siege of St Quentin; Music Mad; and several other dramatic pieces, besides upwards of 2000 songs. HOOKAH, in eastern customs, a pipe of peculiar construction, through which tobacco is smoked. Out of a small vessel, of a bell or globular form, and nearly full of water, issue two tubes, one perpendicularly, on which is placed the tobacco; the other obliquely to which the person who smokes applies his mouth; the smoke by this means, being drawn through water, is cooled in its passage and rendered more grate ful. The hookah is known and used throughout the East; and it is frequently an implement of a very costly nature, being of silver, and set with precious stones: in the better kind, that tube which is applied to the mouth is very long and pliant, and is termed the snake; people who use it in a luxurious manner, fill the vessel through which the smoke is drawn with rose-water, and it thereby receives some of the fragrant quality of that fluid. They are now becoming common in this country, and may be had at every tobacconist's. HOOKE (Nathaniel), author of a well known Roman History, was a Roman Catholic by profession, and much attached to the doctrines of quietism and mysticism taught by Fenelon. The only particulars of his early life now known are furnished in the following letter to the earl of Oxford, dated October 7, 1722: 'My lord, the first time I had the honor to wait upon your lordship since your coming to London, your lordship had the goodness to ask me, what way of life I was then engaged in; a certain mauvaise honte hindered me at that time from giving a direct answer. The truth is, my lord, I cannot be said at present to be in any form of life, but rather to live extempore. The late epidemical distemper seized me' (alluding to the unfortunate adventure of the South Sea Scheme); 'I endeavoured to be rich; imagined for a while that I was, and am in some measure happy to find myself at this instant but just worth nothing. If your lordship, or any of your numerous friends, have need of a servant, with the bare qualifications of being able to read and write, and to be honest, I shall gladly undertake any employments your lordship shall not think me unworthy of. I have been taught, my lord, that neither a man's natural pride, nor his self-love, is an equal judge of what is fit for him; and I shall endeavour to remember, that it is not the short part we act, but the manner of our performance, which gains or loses us the applause of Him who is finally to decide of all human actions. My lord, I am just now employed in translating from the French a History of the Life of the late archbishop of Cambray; and I was thinking to beg the honor of your lordship's name to protect a work which will have so much need of it. The original is not yet published. It is written by the author of the Discourse upon Epic Poetry, in the new edition of Telemaque. As there are some passages in the book of a particular nature, I dare not solicit your lordship to grant me the favor I have mentioned, till you first have perused it. The whole is short, and pretty fairly transcribed. If your lordship could find a spare hour to look it over, I would wait upon your lordship with it, as it may possibly be no unpleasing entertainment. I should humbly ask your lordship's pardon for so long an address in a season of so much business. But when should I be able to find a time in which your lordship's goodness is not employed? I am, with perfect respect and duty, my lord, your lordship's most obliged, most faithful, and most obedient humble servant, Nathaniel Hooke.' The translation here spoken of was afterwards printed in 13mo, 1723. From this period till his death Mr. Hooke enjoyed the confidence and patronage of men not less distinguished by virtue than by titles. He published |