coln had a castle here, which is now quite levelled with the ground. The parish comprehends 1800 acres, with a popuTation in 1831 of 2430, scarcely any of it agricultural, beside the hamlet of Holdin ham, 1360 acres, and 137 inhabitants, chietly agricultural. The town has been much improved of late years: the streets are paved and lighted. The church consists of a nave with side aisles, and a large chapel or transepton the south side, and another transept on the north, and a chancel without aisles: there is a tower surmounted with a spire rising to the height of 144 feet. The steeple is the most antient part of the church, and is of early English character, the upper part and the spire being of somewhat later date than the rest; the aisles and the north transept are of decorated character, and the piers and arches of the nave, the clerestory, and the chancel chiefly of perpendicular date. The west front is very fine: and the design and execution of most parts of the church are excellent. There are some Dissenting places of worship; and a town-ball of modern architecture. The market is on Monday.. The Sleaford canal is cut from this town to the Witham. The living is a vicarage, exempt from the archdeacon's visitation, of the clear yearly value of 1707, with a glebe-house. There were in 1833, in the parish, an endowed day-school with 40 children, seven other day-schools with 388 children; and, three Sunday-schools with 311 children.

poison administered by a monk of Swineshead. The parish comprehends 6100 acres, and had in 1831 a population of 1994, about half agricultural. Swineshead was formerly a port, and the sea flowed up to the market-place, where there was a harbour. The market is on Thursday, but it is almost disused. The church is a handsome spacious building with a lofty spire. The living is a vicarage, in the archdeaconry of Lincoln, of the clear yearly value of 2407. There were in the parish in 1833 an endowed day-school with 90 scholars; six other day-schools with 134 scholars; and one Sundayschool with 75 children. There is in the town a circular Danish encampment, sixty yards in diameter, surrounded by a double fosse.

Tattershall is in the wapentake of Gartree, in the parts of Lindsey, 127 miles from London through Sleaford. It is on the little river Bain, just above its junction with the Witham. Here was formerly a strong castle built by the Fitz-Eudos, barons of Tattershall, and improved by Cromwell, Treasurer of the Exchequer to King Henry VI. The site is marked by two fosses, the outer one of earth, the inner one ten feet deep, faced with brick, and occasionally filled with water from the river. The principal gateway was standing till of late years: a square brick tower built by Treasurer Cromwell is still remaining: it is flanked by octangular turrets which were crowned with spires covered with lead; three of these spires yet remain. The main walls rise to the top of the fourth story, where a capacious rapet wall of vast thickness, with arches for the protection of those employed at the machicolations; above this is a second platform with a parapet and embrasures. The tower is in tolerable preservation.. The parish comprehends 3840 acres, with a population in 1831 of 599, two-fifths agricultural. The town is much decayed. The church is a beautiful and spacious edifice, in the form of a cross. It has however suffered much from dilapidations. The windows of the choir were glazed with beautiful stained glass, which was removed by a former marquis of Exeter on condition of replacing it with plain glass; but the condition was never fulfilled, and the interior has suffered much from the exposure: a rich carved wooden screen and stalls are nearly rotten. The Horncastle navigation passes through the town; but there is little trade. The market is now held on Thursday. The living is a donative exempt from the archdeacon's visitation, of the clear yearly value of 110 There were in 1833 a boarding and day school with 25 el ldren; two day schools with 10 or 12 children in each; a national school attended by 104 children in the week and 62 on Sundays; and one Sunday-school with 18 or 20 children. Mineral waters have lately been discovered at Woodhall be tween Tattershall and Horncastle, which are coming into repute: handsome baths are built, and an hotel is in course of erection.

Spalding is in the wapentake of Elloe, in the parts of Holland, 101 miles from London on the road to Bosion. It was a place of some consequence even in the Saxon times.machicolation encompasses the tower, on which rises a paThere was a monastic establishment here, which underwent many changes. Its revenue at the dissolution was 8787. 188. 3d. gross, or 7671. 88. 11d clear. The parish comprehends 12,070 acres, with a population in 1831 of 6497, about one-third agricultural. The town is situated on the banks of the Welland, in a fenny district, but well drained; the streets are clean and well paved, and the houses neat. The church, which is mostly of perpendicular character, has a fine tower and crocketed spire. There is a town-hall or court house, a substantial brick building, in the marketplace. There are assembly-rooms and a small theatre. The town derives its principal support from being the emporium for the neighbouring agricultural district. The Welland is navigable for vessels of 40 or 50, or even 70 tons, up to the town, and there is a considerable coasting and carrying trade. The market is on Tuesday, and is very prosperous. Long wool is sent from this neighbourhood for the supply of Norwich and the inanufacturing towns of Yorkshire. The living is a perpetual curacy, in the archdeaconry of Lincoln, of the clear annual value of 9507, with a glebe house. There, were in 1823 a free grammar-school with 5 scholars; another endowed free-school for 60 boys; a free-school called The Bluecoat-school,' with 50 free and 24 pay schola.s; twenty four other day-schools with 614 children; and five Sunday-schools with 705 scholars.

Spilsby is in the suke of Bolingbroke, in the parts of Wainfleet is in the wapentake of Candieshoe, parts of Ladsey, 1334 miles from London through Boston. The Lindsey, 133 miles from London through Boston. If is parish comprehends 2310 acies, with a population, in 1831 | supposed to have been a Roman station, the Vainonas of of 1384, of which a very small portion was agricultural. the geographer Ravennas. The haven was antiently freThe town consists of four streets meeting in a spacious' quented by ships, but it was going to decay in Leland's time. market-place. The town-hall, a plain brick building on The waters have been so lowered by a drain, that it is now arches, stands at one end of a row of houses in the centre of used only for small craft. The town is supposed to have the market-place, and the market-cross, a plain octangular, stood formerly higher up the creek, where the old church shaft rising from a quadrangular base and terminating in a of All Saints stands. The parish of Wainfleet All Sain's vane, at the other end. The church is an irregular pile, comprehends 1830 acres, with a population in 1831 of 1135, having at the west end a handsome tower of later date than about one-fourth or one-fifth agricultural; that of Wainthe rest of the building: it contains several antient menu fleet St. Mary comprehends 6440 acres, with a population f ments. There is a weekly market on Monday. The living 660, almost entirely agricultural: together 8270 acres, with is a perpetual curacy, in the archdeaconry of Lincoln, of the a population of 1795. All Saints church is a handseme clear yearly value of 1697. There were in 1833 three dame-building fast going to decay it has a brick tower of mo schools with 50 children; one day-school, partially endowed, dern date. St. Mary's church is also much decayed. There with 60 scholars; a national day and Sunday school, with is a school-house for the free grammar-school, founded by 75 c. len in the week and 70 on Sundays; another na-¦ Wi lism of Waynflete, bishop of Winchester, in the fifteenth tional school with thirty scholars; three other day schools century. The market is held on Saturday, but is almost with 52 scholars; and one Sunday-school with 110 chil

d.en

Svineshead, is in the wapentake of Kirton, in the parts of II Hand. 111⁄2 miles from London, and 7 from Boston. There was formerly a Cistertian abbey here, founded AD 144, by Robers de Gresle,; the yearly revenues at the d.s | • luach were 175l 1.4. 10d_gions, or 1674, 15x. 31. clear. Leland re luces them to sol. In this monastery King John jars to have revied af er his escape with his life in crossing the Wash, where he lost his baggage. His death, which occurred at Newark shortly after, was by some ascribed to

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disused. The living of All Saints is a rectory, of the clear Iyearly value of 322/; that of St. Mary is a vicarage, of the clear yearly value of 2017, with a glebe-house; both are in the archdeaconry of Lincoln. There were in 1843, in the two parishes, a dame school with 16 children; Will am of Waynflete's free grammar-school, with 42 children; an endowed free-school, supported by the governors of Bethle hem Hospital, with 133 children; nine other day-schos with 222 children; and three Sunday schools with 3-7 children: one of the Sunday-schools, with 105 children, was supported by the governors of Bethlehem Hospital. Wi

Bev, for one division, at Kirton in Lindsey; and for the other division, the Epiphany and Midsummer sessions at Spilsby, and the Easter and Michaelmas sessions at Louth. Before the passing of the Reform Act the county returned two members, who were elected and the poil taken at Lincoln. Two members each were returned for the e.ty of Lincoln, and for the boroughs of Boston, Grantham, Grimsby, and Stamford.

been also discovered, especially a sarcophagus and some stone coflins, earthen and glass urns, and other funereal utensils. Part of a set of glazed earthen conduit-pipes and other specimens of pottery have been also found.

The only other Roman station in the county mentioned in the Antonine Itinerary was Causennæ. Ad Abum, mentioned by Richard of Cirencester, was on Ermine-street, at Winteringham or Winterton, near the south bank of the By the Reform and Boundary Acts the county was di- Humber. The Bannovailum and the Vainonas of the anovided into two parts, each to return two members. The nymous geographer Ravennas have been fixed at Horncastle northern division comprehends the parts of Lindsey: the and Wainneet. Causenna was probably Ancaster on Ermineelection takes place at Lincoln, and the polling stations are street, fifteen miles south of Lincoln. Roman coins have Lincoln, Gainsborough, Epworth, Barton, Glanford Brigg, been found here. The remains of the station at Winterton, Market-Rasen, Grimsby, Louth, Spilsby, and Horncastle.supposed to be Ad Abum, were ploughed up not more than The southern division comprehends the parts of Kesteven six years before Stukely wrote the account of it, and ‘great and Holland: the election takes place at Sleaford, and the pavements, chimney-stones,' and other antiquities were polling-stations are Sleaford, Boston, Holbeach, Bourn, found, but not preserved. Three curious tessellated paveDonington, Navenby, Spalding, and Grantham. ments were found here A.D. 1747. At Roxby, Hibbaldstow, History and Antiquities-At the time of the Roman Appleby, Sandton, and Broughton, all in the same part of conquest Lincolnshire constituted part of the territory of the county, various Roman antiquities have been discovered. the Coritani (Kopiravo), who occupied several of the mid- At Horkstow also, near Winterton, several Roman remains, land counties, and whose dominion stretched through Lin-chiefly tessellated pavements and the foundations of buildcolnshire to the German Ocean and the Humber. In the ings, have been found. At Torksey, at the junction of the division which the Romans made of Britain Lincolnshire Foss Dyke with the Trent, between Lincoln and Gainsbowas included in the province of Flavia Cæsariensis. rough, there was probably a Roman settlement. The The principal British ronds or trackways which passed foundations of the antient Norman castle appear to have through Lincolnshire, were Ermine-street, which had two been Roman. At Scampton, about six miles north of branches; the Foss-way; and what has been termed the Lincoln, were discovered in 1795 the foundations of a Upper Salt-way. Ermine street, after passing over an Roman villa, occupying a site 200 feet square, and having angle of the county near Stamford, re-entered it in the upwards of forty apartments on the ground plan, with neighbourhood of South Witham, between Stamford and painted and stuccoed walls, and no less than thirteen Grantham. It immediately divided into two branches, of Roman pavements, only one of which was perfect. Some which the most easterly ran north by Ancaster and Lincoln of the walls were of great thickness. Various Roman to Wintringham on the Humber. The other main branch antiquities were found scattered over the spot. Upon tee ran north-north-west into Nottinghamshire. The Foss-way banks of the Trent, three miles west of Stow, in the same commenced on the coast at Grimsby or Saltfleet, or some- part of the county, two Roman altars and other antiquities where between them, and ran south-west by Lincoln through have been discovered. Horsley was inclined to fix the Nottinghamshire to Leicester. The Upper Salt-way appears station Segelocum here, on the Lincolnshire side of the to have been the communication between the coast of Lin-stream, instead of placing it at Littleborough on the Notcolnshire and the salt-works of Worcestershire. Two of tinghamshire side, where he admits that the town attached these lines of road, the eastern branch of Ermine-street and to the station stood. Stow is supp sed to have been the the Foss, were adopted by the Romans. There were sub- Sidnaceaster of the Saxons, the seat of a bishopric af erordinate branches from these roads, and Dr. Stukely con- wards transferred to Lincoln. Near Gainsborough and at sidered that there were traces of other Roman roads. Aukborough, both on the Trent, are Roman camps: the latter was, in Stukely's time, very perfect, and formed a square of 300 feet; near it was one of those labyrinths, formed of banks, called here and elsewhere Julian's bower. Camps, probably Roman, have been found at Gedney Hill, near Holbeach, and at Honnington, not far from Granthain; a mosaic pavement at Denton, in the same neighbourhood; and Roman coins and pipes of baked earthenware in other places.

Lindum, the modern Lincoln, was a British town before it was made a Roman station: it is at the intersection of the two great reads, the eastern branch of Ermine street and the Foss. Ptolemy calls it Aičov, and mentions it as one of the two chief towns of the Coritani. It was made a Roman station, and according to Richard a Roman colony, whence the latter syllable of its modern name. The station was on the hill now occupied by the cathedral and the castle: its form was that of a parallelogram, the sides nearly facing the four cardinal points; on each side was a ge. The enclosed area was 1200 feet by 1300. The walls Five been almost entirely levelled with the ground, and the gates, with one exception, have been long since demolistol. The remaining gate, now called 'Newport Gate,' is one of the most remarkable Roman remains in the kingdon. It consis.s of a central arch nearly sixteen feet wide, and formed with large stones put together apparently without mortar; the height, according to Stukely, was originally above twenty-two feet, but it is now, from the elevation of the causeway, scarcely more than half that height. On each side f the great arch are two lateral arches or posterns, now nearly clowed up by the elevation of the soil; these small arenes were each seven feet and a half wide by fifteen high. Adent to this gate is a mass of the Roman wall; a Roman arch and part of the wall are incorporated with the Narman castle; and another portion of wall parallel to that of the s'ation, and now call d'the Mint Wall,' is supposel to have been part of a granary or of some other Raman building. A fortified wail with towers at the corners appears to have run down to the bank of the Witham, and then along the bank; if any part of this remains, it has been so mingled with later Saxon or Norman work that shop, that it cannot be discriminated. Coins of the enierits Nero, Vespasian, and Junan have been found here, and especially of Caraunus, who, as some have sup pemed, resided for a time at Linein. A tessellated paveit and a hypocaust beneath it were discovered in A D. 1*39; the pavement was thirteen feet below the pre ent surface. Another hypocaust and several antiquities have

Under the Saxons, Lindsey, a name which perhaps extended nearly or quite over the modern county of Lincoln, appears to have been a subordinate state dependent upen the kingdom of Mercia. It was included among the conquests of Edwin of Northumberland, under whose influence Christianity was introduced by the missionary Paulins Bode has recorded that Blecca, the governor of Lanco'n, was, with his household, among the first converts, A.D. 628,

When the Danes, or Northmen, were carrying on their ravages in England in the time of Ethelred I., Lincolnshire, which then had several monastic establishments, suffire-d greatly. The narrative of their ravages, given in the paves of the apocryphal Ingulphus, is interesting; and if its ans thenticity could be depended on, would afford considera'sie light amid the historie darkness of the period. Early in the year 870 the Northmen landed at Humberstan (Hüriberstone), near Grimsby, ravaged Lundissy (Lindsey), and marched to Bardeney on the Witham, where was a fanons monastery, the monks of which they asstered in the church. About Michaelmas they penetrated into Kestever, bloodshed and devastation marking their course. however they were met by a force thus described by Ingol phus:- Count Algar (Comes Algarus) and two knights (milites) his seneschals (scheneschalli sui), called Whet and Leofrie (from whose names the aged men and rest es thereabout have since given appellations to the villa es where they lived, calling them Wiberton and Letrinkton, drew together all the youth of Holland (Hovland.a), wh baud (cohors) of two hundred men from the monastery of Croyland, stout warriors, inasmuch as most of them we exiles (fugitivi), who were commanded by brother Tel

(Tolius), who had become a monk in that monastery, having | into Yorkshire, where Robert Aske took the command of been before that the most renowned for military skill in all the insurgents. The Lincolnshire rebels sent in petitions Mercia, but who had then, from the desire of a heavenly to the king, specifying what they deemed their grievances; country, given up secular for spiritual warfare at Croyland. and the king gave an answer (State Papers, Henry VIII.,' They gathered together also about three hundred brave and part ii., No. xlviii.), in which he designates the shire one warlike men from Deping, Langtoft, and Baston (Boston), of the most brute and beestelie of the whole realm.' The with whom they joined Morcard (Morcardus), lord of Brunne earls of Shrewsbury, Rutland, and Huntingdon, and the (Bourne), with his retainers (familia), who were very stout duke of Suffolk, were sent into Lincolnshire with all the and numerous; they were moreover aided by Osgot, deputy force that could be collected; and the rebels dispersed with(vicedominus) of Lincoln, a brave veteran, with a band of out coming to an engagement, delivering up their leaders 500 Lincoln men.' In the first engagement the natives had to the king's officers. Dr. Makerel, with the vicar of the advantage; but the reinforcements which joined the in- Louth and thirteen others, were afterwards executed at vaders in the night struck such terror into the Christians Tyburn. that many fled. The rest having received the sacrament, and being fully prepared to die for the faith of Christ and the defence of their country,' marched to the battle. The Northmen, enraged at the loss of three of their kings (who were buried at a place previously called Laundon, but subsequently Trekyngham), fought with the utmost ferocity; but the Christians, though far inferior in number, maintained the combat till nightfall, and were then overcome only by stratagem. Algar and his seneschals and Toly fell; and of the whole body only a few young men of Sutton and Gedeney escaped, who carried the mournful tidings to the monks of Croyland. To that monastery the Northmen soon proceeded, murdered the abbot, and those other inmates who were too old or too oung to fly (except one boy of ten years old, whom the compassion of one of the Danish chieftains preserved), and burned the monastery. From Croyland they marched to the monastery of Medeshamsted, now Peterborough, which they also entirely destroyed, having put the inmates, without exception, to the sword. Lincolnshire passed permanently into Danish hands about A.D. 877; it constituted part of the territory of the Danish burghs of Lincoln and Stamford; and was included within the boundary of the Danelagh, or Danelage (the 'Danish law,' or Danish jurisdiction '), as settled by the treaty between Alfred and Guthrun the Dane. The conquest of this part of the island by the Danes appears to have been complete; but the similarity of the laws and institutions of the Anglo-Saxons and the Danes diminished the violence of the changes effected by it. Danish names however supplanted the previous Anglo-Saxon ones; and if we may judge by the prevalence of the Danish termination by (as in Grimsby, Saltfleetby, Normanby, Willoughby, &c.), the change must have been made in a great many cases. The denominations of the popular assemblies and tribunals appear to have been changed; the name' wapentake' superseded that of hundred.' In time however the Danish and Anglo-Saxon population became amalgamated, and the whole district came under the supremacy of the Anglo-Saxon crown.

In the civil war between Stephen and the empress Maud Lincolnshire was the scene of contest. The siege and battle of Lincoln, A.D. 1141, have been already noticed. In the broils in which Henry II. was involved with his children, one of the Mowbrays, who had a castle in the Isle of Axholme, and was an adherent of the insurgent Prince Henry, was compelled to submit by the zeal and loyalty of the Lincolnshire men, who crossed over to the island in boats, obliged the garrison to surrender, and razed the castle to the ground. In the civil war of the barons with John and his son Henry III., Lincoln was signalized by a second battie, which seated Henry III., yet a boy, securely on his throne. At the latter part of his reign, when troubles had again broken out, Axholme became once more the refuge of the disaffected. In the civil war of the Roses Lincolnshire appears not to have suffered much. Sir Robert Wells, out of revenge for his father's death, whom Edward IV. had beheaded, raised a rebellion against that prince, and gathered an army of 30,000 Lincolnshire men. He was defeated with dreadful loss near Stamford, and put to death by the king's command. This battle is sometimes called the battle of 'Lose-coat-field' from the vanquished having cast off their coats in order to run away the faster. At the time of the Reformation the Lincolnshire men broke out into open rebellion upon the suppression of the monasteries, A.D. 1536. The rebellion began at Louth, where the ecclesiastical commissioners were to hold a visitation. It was excited by Dr. Makerel, prior of Barlings, or Oxney, between Lincoln and Wragby, and by one Melton, who assumed the name of Captain Cobler. (State Papers, published by the Record Commissioners.) The rebellion spread

Of the ecclesiastical and baronial edifices which were erected between the Conquest and the Reformation, Liucolnshire contains many admirable specimens, especially | churches. The cathedral of Lincoln and the churches of Louth, Sleaford, Spalding, and other places, have been already noticed. On the hill which runs from Lincoln towards Grantham is a line of churches, presenting a number of interesting features. Beckingham, Normanton, and Ancaster have considerable portions of Norman character. Caythorpe church is chiefly of Decorated English character, and presents several singularities in its arrangement. Leadenham has a tower and spire of Early Perpendicular date, and of good design; the rest of the church is an excellent example of Decorated English. The churches on and near the road from London to Lincoln exhibit as much, if not more variety and excellence of composition than is to be met with in any part of the kingdom in the same distance: among them are Sleaford, Folkingham, Bourne, and Market Deeping churches. Kelby, Threckingham, Kirby Laythorpe, Howel, Horbling, Sempringham, and Morton have portions of Norman character. Sempringham church appears to be the remains of a much larger building; it has a tower of plain Perpendicular character. Silk Willoughby church is of fine Decorated English character, with a tower and spire of good composition. Walcot has a tower and fine crocketed spire, which are of Decorated English character, as well as the rest of the church; the east window is very fine. Heckington church is one of the most beautiful models of a church in the kingdom, having almost every feature of a fine church. It is a large cross church, having a nave and aisles, spacious transepts, a large chancel with a vestry attached to the north side. and at the west end a tower crowned with four pentagonal pinnacles and a lofty spire.

The finest churches in the Fens are for the most part of Perpendicular character; they have lofty spires, some of them crocketed. The churches already noticed are chiefly in Kesteven and Holland; those of Lindsey are of inferior architecture, except in the flat marshy tract between the Wolds and the Ocean or the Humber, where there are some fine ones. The churches in this district vary but little in their form and character; they have a nave with north and south aisles, a chancel, south porch, and western tower. They are commonly built with good materials. The churches amid the Wolds have little claim to architectural beauty. In the western parts of Lindsey some of the churches are of great antiquity and of considerable architectural beauty. Stow church, in this part, is of considerable size, and chiefly of Norman character.

Of monastic edifices there are several remains. Of Barling's Abbey part of a wall and some fragments of columns remain. Of Thornton Abbey, not far from Barton-uponHumber, the remains are more important and interesting. It was founded by William Le Gras, or Le Gros, earl of Albemarle, A.D. 1139, as a priory for Black Canons, and was afterwards made an abbey. Its revenues at the dissolution were 7307. 178. 2d gross, or 5947. 178. 10d. clear; after the suppression, Henry VIII. reserved the revenues for the endowment of a college, consisting of a dean and a considerable number of prebendaries; but this also was suppressed in the reign of Edward VI. The buildings were originally extensive, forming a quadrangle surrounded with a moat, and having lofty ramparts for occasional defence. The gate-house, which formed the western entrance, is yet tolerably entire; four handsome hexagonal towers form the four angles of this gate-house. A spacious room, probably the refectory, and an adjoining room with recesses in both ends, the abbey church, and a portion of the octagonal chapter-house, are also standing. The abbot's lodge, which stood to the south, is occupied as a farm-house.

Of Bardney Abbey there are some remains, also of Kirkstead Abbey; both these are on the left bank of the Witham, between Lincoln and Boston. The abbot's lodge of Revesby Abbey, on the north border of the fen country, formed part of an antient house, since used for the offices of the mansion of the late Sir Joseph Banks. Croyland has been described before.

Of Temple Bruer, a preceptory first of Knights Templars, afterwards of Hospitallers, a few vaults and the tower of the church are left; the latter is a massy, quadrangular, stone building, accessible to the top by a winding staircase. The remains of Haverholme Priory, near Sleaford, have been incorporated into a modern mansion.

| the royalists under General Cavendish, who lost his life in the engagement. In autumn the same year the royalists were again defeated at Horncastle; and in 1644 Lincoln castle and minster were stormed by the earl of Manchester, who killed or captured about 800 men. The loss of the assailants did not exceed 50 killed and wounded.

(Beauties of England and Wales; Allen's History of Lincolnshire; Browne Willis's Cathedrals; Parliamentary Papers; Rickman's Gothic Architecture, &c.)

STATISTICS.

Population.-Lincolnshire is almost entirely an agricultural county, ranking in this respect the fifth in the list of English counties. Of 79,535 males twenty years of age and upwards, only 167 are employed in manufactures, or in making manufacturing machinery, while 45,272 are engaged in agricultural pursuits, 32,167 of which number are labourers. Of the few engaged in manufactures 28 men are employed at Louth in making carpets, blankets, and worsted. At Owston and West Butterwick 43 men are employed in making sacking, tarpaulins, and wool-sheets, at Haney about 20 in similar occupations. There is a small manufacture of silk shag at Stamford; of mill-machinery at Barton and at Boston; of dressing-machines at Skirbeck; and a few weavers are scattered about the county. The following summary of the population taken at the last census (1831) shows the number of inhabitants and their occupations in each hundred of the county.

In the civil war of Charles I. this county was the scene of several important events. In March, 1642, Colonel Cavendish, on the part of the king, took possession of Grantham, and captured 360 prisoners, with a quantity of arms and ammunition, and demolished the works which had been erected. Oliver Cromwell shortly afterwards gained a Victory near Grantham with his own regiment of horse over twenty-four troops of royalist cavalry. In May of the same year Colonel Cavendish defeated the parliamentary forces at Alcaster. In the same year Gainsborough was taken by the parliamentarians under Lord Willoughby of Parham. The earl of Kingston, the royalist governor, was taken, and being sent to Hull was shot by the royalists in mistake as he was crossing the Humber. In 1643 Cromwell gained a victory near Gainsborough over The following Table is a Summary of the Population, &c., of every Hundred, &c., as taken in 1831.

61,615 63,903 268 1,968 35,749 17,284 12,870 158,858 158,607 317,465 79,333