and carry a heavier fleece; they are also hardier; the latter however are generally preferred, from their greater propensity to fatten. A cross has been produced which partakes of the qualities of both breeds, and is preferred by some for the fens. There is nothing particular in the breed of pigs, except that it has been much improved of late years by crossing with improved breeds. the rest of the county, including the greater part of the racter of Lindsey has been noticed; the Wolds, or chalk hills, form the nucleus of it. Kesteven is distinguished by the steep slope of the Cliffe Row, which overlooks the valley of the Witham; and Holland, like its continental namesake, is distinguished by its fens. Lincolnshire is further divided into wapentakes, hundreds, and sokes. These, with their situation in the county, their chief town, area, and population in 1831, are as follows:— 1. Parts of Lindsey. Aslacoe, wapentake Acres. Central (no town) 43,240 Pop. 1831. 4,839 11,119 N.E. Grimsby 66,450 11,919 E. E. Alford 58,670 10,266 N.W. Gainsboro' 46,250 13,183 6,963 3,420 Central Horncastle 24,780 8,656 E. N.E. N.E. Central The principal fairs in Lincolnshire are:-Alford, Whit-racterized by distinct natural features. The insular chaTuesday, November 8; Barton-upon-Humber, Trinity Thursday: Belton, September 25; Boston, May 4, August 5, November 18, and lasts four days, December 11; Bourne, March 7, May 6, October 29; Brigg, August 5; Burgh, May 13, October 2; Burwell, Old Michaelmas-day; Caistor, Friday and Saturday before Palm Sunday, Friday and Saturday before Whit-Sunday, Friday and Saturday after Old Michaelmas-day; Caythorp, Good Friday; Corby, August 26, Monday before October 11; Coulthorpe, April 29; Crowle, last Monday in May, November 22; Donnington, May 26, August 17, September 4, October 17; Epworth, first Tuesday after May 1; first Thursday after September 29; Falkingham, Ash Wednesday, Palm Monday, May 13, June 16, July 3, Thursday after Old Michaelmas-day, November 10 and 22; Gainsborough, Easter Wednesday, October 20, if it falls on a Wednesday, then the Wednesday after; Grantham, Easter Eve, Holy Thursday, July 10, December 17; Heckington, Thursday before October 10; Holbeach, May 17, second Tuesday in September; Horncastle, June 19-22, August 11-21, October 26-29; Kirton-Lindsey, July 18, December 21; Lincoln, Tuesday to Friday in the last whole week in April, July 5, first Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday after September 12, November 28; Louth, third Monday after Easter Monday, November 23; Market Deeping, second Wednesday after May 11, October 10, November 22; Market Rasen, September 25; Nevenby, August 18, October 17; Partney, August 1 and 25, September 18 and 19, October 18 and 19; Sleaford, Plough Monday, Easter Monday, Whit-Monday, August 1, October 20; Spalding, April 27, June 29, August 26, September 25, Wednesday before December 6; Spilsby, Monday before Whit-Monday, Monday after ditto, Monday fortnight after Whit-Monday if it fall in May (if not, there is no fair), first Monday in July, old style; Aswardhurn, wapentake Central (no town) 45,280 Stamford, Tuesday before February 13, Monday before Aveland, wapentake Midlent, Midlent Monday, Monday before May 12, MonBeltisloe, wapentake day after Corpus Christi, August 5, November 9; Stow Boothby Graffo, wapen. Green near Sleaford, July 4; Swineshead, first Tuesday in June, October 2; Tattershall, May 15, September 25; Flaxwell, wapentake Wainfleet, third Tuesday in May, July 6, August 24, Oc-Loveden, wapentake Langoe, wapentake tober 24; Wintringham, July 14; Wragby, Holy Thursday, September 29. Divisions, Towns, &c. - Lincolnshire has long been divided into three parts,' as they are termed, Lindsey, Kesteven, and Holland. Lindsey, which is mentioned by Bede under the name Lindesse, and in the Saxon Chronicle by the names Lindissi, Lindesse, and Lindesige, is by far the largest, and comprehends all that part of the county which lies north-east of a line drawn from Clifton-uponTrent, partly along the Foss Dyke, to Lincoln (which city, with a small territory to the south-east, is included in it), thence by the Witham to near Boston, and from just above that town north-eastward to the sea between Boston and Wainfleet. The name Lindsey, like that of the county, is derived from Lindum, the Roman name of Lincoln. From the name, with the subjoined epithet Colonia, came Lincoln,* and thence Lincolnshire; and from the name without the epithet. Lind-sey. The latter part of this name appears to be the Saxon ‘ey,' an island; the Isle of Lindum,' a name sufficiently descriptive of the district, which is insulated by the sea, the Humber, and the Trent, the Foss Dyke and the Witham, with their connected marshes. Kesteven comprehends the south-western part of the county; it extends on the north and north-east to the Foss Dyke and the Witham, except just about Lincoln, where Lindsey encroaches upon these boundaries. It is bounded eastward by a line drawn south from the Witham, at the junction of the Kyme, or Sleaford river, to the Welland, between Deeping and Croyland. The origin of this name is very obscure. Holland, called by Ingulphus Hoilandea, comprehends Variously written by the Saxous, Lincol, Lincolla, Lincolne, Lindcylne (all in Sax. Chron.'), Liudcolene (Bede), Lyndcollan, I.vndcylene, and Lin cyine N. Epworth 131,560 23,046 Rasen 57,230 7,615 E. (no town) Well, wapentake Total of parts of Lindsey II. Parts of Kesteven. Ness, wapentake Total of the parts of Kesteven The county contains the city of Lincoln, the boroughs and market-towns of Boston, Grantham, Grimsby, and Stamford; and the market-towns of Alford. Barton-upon-Humber, Bolingbroke, Bourne, Caistor, Corby, Crowle, Deeping, Donington, Epworth, Falkingham or Folkingham, Gainsborough, Glanford Bridge or Brigg, Holbeach, Horncastle, Kirton, Louth, Market Rasen, Sleaford, Spalding, Spilsby, Swineshead, Tattershall, Wainfleet, and Wragby. To these may be added the now disused market-towns of Binbrook, Burton-upon-Stather, Crowland or Croyland, Navenby, and Saltfleet. Of some of these an account is given elsewhere. [AXHOLME; BARTON-UPON-HUMBER; BOSTON; GAINSBOROUGH; GRANTHAM; STAMFORD.] Lincoln is on the north bank of the Witham, just at the place where it passes through an opening in the stonebrash hills, 134 miles from London, through Ware, Biggleswade, and Peterborough. It was a place of considerable importance to the south-east or south-west its three towers have at a distance a very fine effect. It has been erected at different periods, and combines, in consequence, various styles of architecture: the predominant style is the early English, of a remarkably rich and beautiful character. The cathedral may vie with any, and has been by some judges preferred even to York. It is much enclosed by buildings on the north, south, and west sides; but is more open on the east. The nave is very fine, and the piers in this part are peculiarly rich; and though the side aisles are unusually narrow, the effect of the whole is excellent. The western front, which embraces the width of the nave and aisles with the side chapels (or, as some term them, transepts) at the west end, is partly Norman, partly early English: it has two towers whose height from the ground is 180 feet. There were formerly spires upon these, of the height of 101 feet, but these were taken down thirty years ago; there are stil pinnacles at the corners of the towers. At each angle of the west front are octagonal staircase turrets crowned with pinnacles. There are three west doorways, the centre one opening into the nave, the side ones into the two side aisles. There is much sculpture and tracery on this front in excellent preservation; and over the central doorway are several statues of the kings of England, from the Conquest to Edward III, under decorated canopies. The central or great transepts are chiefly in the early English style; they have aisles on the eastern side, which are divided into rooms, used as vestries or chapels. There are at the ends of the transepts circular windows; that at the end of the south transept is one of the finest circles in the early English style remaining. The Galilee sept, and the chapels on the east aisle of the same, are particularly deserving of attention for the intricacy and beauty of their mouldings, and the singularity and excellence of their general composition. At the intersection of these transepts with the nave and choir is the central tower, 53 feet square, with pinnacles at the corners. The windows of this tower are rather small, which circumstance renders the lantern obscure. The height of this tower from the ground to the summit of the pinnacles is about 300 feet. The choir is of richer and more elaborate composition than the nave and transepts; though. like them, it is of early English character. It is separated from the nave by a rich stone screen. under the Romans. In the time of the Saxons it was also a place of consequence; and notice of it occurs in the struggles of the Saxons and Danes. At the time of the Conquest it was one of the most important places in the kingdom, and the emporium of a considerable trade. William the Conqueror ordered the erection of a strong castle here A.D. 1086. The erection of this castle is said to have caused the demolition of two hundred and forty houses. At the time of the Domesday survey there were in Lincoln 1070 houses and 900 burgesses. The prosperity of the place appears to have been further promoted in the time of Henry I. by clearing out the Foss Dyke, and making it again available for navigation. This inland communication, with the advantage of the navigation (probably a tideway navigation for sea-borne vessels) of the Witham, rendered the situation of Lincoln peculiarly favourable for commerce. In the reign of Stephen the empress Maud was besieged here by the king, who took the city, but the empress escaped. The castle was shortly after surprised by some of her partisans, and being besieged by the king, who had the townsmen in his interest (A.D. 1141), was relieved by the approach of Robert earl of Gloucester, natural brother to the empress. Stephen, upon the approach of the relieving force, gave battle to it; but, by the desertion of Alan earl of Richmond, he was defeated and taken after fighting with the greatest intrepidity. In the civil wars of the reign of John the town was taken by Gilbert de Gaunt, one of the barons in the interest of Louis, Dauphin of France, who had created him earl of Lincoln. The castle however held out for the king and was besieged by Gilbert, who hearing that John was approach-court,' or porch attached to the west side of the south traning from Norfolk, retreated from the place. John however having lost his baggage in the Wash, and died of grief, Gilbert retook the town and reinvested the castle. The earl of Pembroke, regent during the minority of Henry III., advanced to relieve it, and Fulk de Brent, a chieftain of the king's party, threw himself with a reinforcement into the castle. The besiegers, who were supported by a body of French, were attacked on both sides; and the town, in which they attempted to defend themselves, was stormed by the earl of Pembroke. The count of Perche, commander of the French, was slain; many of the insurgent barons and other prisoners of rank were taken, and the party of the Dauphin was crushed. The battle was fought June 4, 1218. At a subsequent period the castle was in the hands of John of Gaunt, son of Edward III., who greatly improved it. In the civil war of Charles I. the inhabitants promised to support the king, but in A.D. 1643 the city was in the hands of the parliamentatians, who had a garrison here. The royalists attempted by treachery to possess themselves of the place; but the plot was discovered, and the cavaliers who had broken in were repulsed. They got possession of the city however soon after; and in 1644 the parliamentary army under the earl of Manchester attacked the city and took the lower part of it. The royalists retreated to the cathedral and the castle, which were stormed, in spite of a gallant resistance, on the night of May 5th, two days after the earl's arrival before the place. The city is built on the southern slope and at the foot of a hill, on the summit of which is the cathedral. It contains twelve parishes, and part of a thirteenth, the remainder of which, with two others, are locally within the limits, though not in the jurisdiction of the city. There are four parishes in the liberty of the city, on the opposite side of the river: the area of the city cannot be given separately: the city and liberty, and the included parishes, contain altogether 17,560 acres. The town is irregularly laid out; the principal street is along the road from London to Barton-onHumber, which extends right through the place, crossing the Witham by a bridge, and running up the hill on which the cathedral stands. This street also extends a considerable length south of the Witham. The streets are paved, lighted with gas, and supplied with water from public conduits or fountains. There are several small bridges over the Witham or over the drains or dykes near the city. The high bridge over the Witham has one arch of nearly 22 feet span, and 11 feet high; it is considered to be at least five hundred years old. There are market-places or market-houses for 2orn, cattle, meat, and butter, in different parts of the city; the fish-market is held near the high bridge. The eastern end of the choir, with the Lady Chapel, is of a transition style between the early and decorated English, of peculiar beauty and interest. The east window, of eight lights, is a fine composition. The cathedral is at this end less encompassed with buildings; a better view of it can consequently be obtained. There are two transepts to the eastward of the principal transepts, and there are several chapels in different parts. The dimensions of the cathedral are as follows:-Exterior length of the church within its buttresses 524 feet; interior length 482 feet; width of the cahedral (interior width, we believe, of the nave and choir with their respective aisles) 80 feet; height of the vaulting of the nave 80 feet; width of the western front 174 feet. Exterior length of the principal transept 250 feet, interior 222 feet; width 66 feet. Smaller or eastern transeptlength 170 feet; width, including the side chapels, 44 feet. The dimensions are, we believe, when not otherwise specified, interior dimensions. The old bell, called the Tom of Lincoln, which was cast in 1610, and hung in the northernmost of the west towers, became cracked in 1827, and being broken up in 1834, with six other bells, was recast into the present large bell and two quarter bells by Mr. Thomas Mears of London, and placed in the Rood (or central) tower in 1835. The new bell, which is larger and heavier than the old one, is 6 feet 10 inches in diameter at the mouth, and weighs 5 tons 8 cwt.: the old one weighed nearly a ton less, viz. 4 tons 14 cwt. The new bell is more musical than the old one, but not nearly so loud and sonorous. It is the third bell for size in the kingdom; being exceeded only by Mighty Tom' of Oxford (7 tons 15 cwt.) and Great Tom' of Exeter (6 tons). On the north side of the cathedral are the cloisters with the chapter-house. The cloisters enclose a quadrangle of 118 feet by 91: three sides remain in their original state, and are of good decorated work; over the fourth (the north) side is a library built by Dean Honeywood in the latter part of the seventeenth century. The library contains a The most interesting of the public buildings is the cathe-collection of books, with some curious specimens of Roman dral, which is advantageously situated on the summit of the antiquities. In the enclosure of the cloisters, some feet and may be seen for many miles across the flat country below the surface, is a handsome tessellated pavement. From the eastern side of the cloisters is the entrance to the chapter-house, a lofty and elegant decagon, with a groined roof supported by a central pillar. Though not equal to the chapter-house of Salisbury, it is very fine. Its interior diameter is 60 feet 6 inches. The cathedral contains numerous monuments; but many more, which formerly existed, have been removed or totally destroyed. Many were defaced or pulled down at the Reformation, or by the parliamentary soldiers in the great civil war; and many were disarranged when the floor of the cathedral was newly paved in A.D. 1783, or when subsequent alterations were made in the nave and choir. Among other tombs are those of Catherine Swinford, duchess of Lancaster, wife of John of Gaunt; of Joan, countess of Westmoreland, their daughter; and of several bishops and deans of the cathedral. The officers of the cathedral are the bishop, dean, precentor, chancellor, subdean, six archdeacons, fifty-two prebendaries, four priest-vicars, five lay-clerks or singing-men, an organist, seven poor clerks, four choristers, and six burghist chanters. The net yearly revenue of the bishopric is 45427.; the net yearly income of the cathedral, divided between the dean, precentor, chancellor, and subdean, is 69867; these dignitaries have residences. On the south side of the cathedral are the ruins of the bishop's palace, which was demolished during the civil wars. The shell of the magnificent hall, eighty-four feet by fifty feet, supported by two rows of pillars, a gateway, and part of the kitchen wall, remain. A modern house has been built on part of the site, in which the bishop resides when at Lincoln. The deanery is an antient building; and near it is another antient building, called the Works Chantry,' formerly the residence of the chancellor of the diocese. The vicar's college once formed a quadrangle, of which at present there remain only four houses inhabited by the vicars. There is an antient gateway yet standing. The see of Lincoln was originally at Dorchester on the bank of the Thames. The see of Dorchester is said to have Lincoln abounds in monastic and other remains of antient architecture. There are several antient gateways, as the Chequer or Exchequer Gate in the Cathedral Close, and the Stonebow in the High-street; the remains of a fort called Lucy Tower;' a tower of three stories, incorporated in a modern house called 'the Priory, and several other buildings. The Grey Friars is a large oblong building, the lower story of which is occupied as a spinning-school, and lies some feet below the surface of the ground; part of the upper story, formerly the chapel, is now used for a freeschool, and the remaining part as a library. The remains of John of Gaunt's Palace and of a building called John of Gaunt's Stables present some interesting Norman and early English features. In the gable of the palace is a beautiful oriel window. The population of the city and liberty, in 1831, was 11,843, to which may be added that of the three parishes locally included, 1360; together, 13,203. The chief trade is in flour, which is sent to Manchester and London, and there are some extensive breweries noted for their ale. There are now eight or ten steam engines in the city; a few years ago there was not one. The county assizes and the election for the northern division of the county, and quartersessions for the city and liberty, are held here. There are a race-course, a theatre, and assembly-rooms. There are several dissenting places of worship, several public libraries, two news-rooms, a flourishing mechanics' institute, and several book-societies. There are a general dispensary, a lunatic asylum, a county hospital, a lying-inhospital, and several other charitable institutions. Lincoln was incorporated by charter of Henry II., but the governing charter was that of Charles I. By the Municipal Reform Act the city is divided into three wards, and has a mayor, six aldermen, and eighteen councillors. The guildhall is an antient Gothic building; the courthouse for the city is modern; the gaol is not large enough to admit of the proper classification of prisoners. The city returns two members to parliament: it first exercised this privilege in the reign of Henry III. The parliamentary constituency, in 1833, consisted of 603 freemen and 521 ten-pound householders: total, 1124. The parliamentary borough comprehends the city and a small portion of the liberty. been founded A.D. 625 or 636. The dioceses of Leicester and Sidnacester (probably Stow, between Lincoln and Gainsborough), the latter of which comprehended the parts of Lindsey, were added to it; and in the eleventh century (A.D. 1057, or 1072, or 1088, for accounts vary) the seat of the bishopric was removed to Lincoln. Although the dioceses of There were in the city, in 1833, two infant-schools, with Ely (in the twelfth century), Oxford and Peterborough (in 323 children; five dame-schools, with 67 children; thirtythe sixteenth century,, at the Reformation), were taken out two day-schools (including two endowed schools, with 86 of it, it is still the most extensive diocese in the kingdom. It children), with 776 children; four boarding and day schools, is divided into six archdeaconries: 1, Lincoln; and, 2, Stow, with 150 to 180 children; one national school, with 474 which two comprehend the county of Lincoln; 3, Leicester, children; and seven Sunday-schools, with about 700 chilwhich includes Leicestershire; 4, Bedford, which includes dren. There were at the same time in the liberty, one Bedfordshire; 5, Huntingdon, which includes Huntingdon-boarding-school, with 30 to 40 children; six day-schools shire and part of Hertfordshire; and, 6, Buckingham, which includes Buckinghamshire. Considerable alterations are however to be made, in conformity with the act 6 and 7 Will. IV., c. 77. The counties of Huntingdon and Bedford are to be transferred to the diocese of Ely; the county of Buckingham is to be transferred to the diocese of Oxford; the county of Leicester to the diocese of Peterborough; and the part of Hertfordshire to that of Rochester. Of the present diocese only the county of Lincoln is to remain, but to this is to be added the county of Nottingham, transferred from the diocese of York. A fit residence is to be erected for the bishop, whose average income is to be from 40007. to 50007. The parish churches of Lincoln are twelve in number; formerly there are said to have been fifty or more, most of which were standing at the time of the Reformation. The present churches are mostly small and much mutilated. Four of five churches south of the Witham have Norman towers. An additional church is about to be built by subscription. The remains of the castle stand on the hill, west of the cathedral: they consist chiefly of the outer walls and the gateway tower. The site of the castle is occupied by the county gaol and court-house, which were rebuilt a few years ago in a handsome style by Sir R. Smirke. In one corner of the area is a small building, Cob's Hall,' supposed to have been a chapel; and in one part of the outer wall, on the north side, are the remains of a turret in the line of the Roman wall of Lindum, in which is a gateway apparently Roman, and supposed to have been one of the gates of that station, or to have belonged to a building more antient than the castle. P. C., No. 852. (three of them partly or wholly supported by subscription), containing 246 children; and five Sunday-schools, with 320 children. Grimsby is in the wapentake of Bradley Haverstoe, in the parts of Lindsey, on the south bank of the Humber, near its mouth. In the time of Edward III. Grimsby was of sufficient importance to furnish the king with eleven vessels and 170 mariners for his armament against Calais. The gradual blocking up of the harbour by the accumulation of mud and sand led to the decay of the port, until it was renovated by the spirited exertions of some of the neighbouring landed proprietors about the beginning of the present century. The landing at low water is however still very bad, and a jetty is now erecting to remedy this inconvenience. The parish of Grimsby, the township of Clee, and the hamlet of Weelsby, comprehend 2110 acres, and had in 1831 a population of 4225, of which a small proportion is agricultural. The town consists of two parts: the older part of the town is irregularly laid out, and is at the head of the harbour, about a mile from the sea; the new part, commonly called 'the Marsh,' consists of three streets parallel to the harbour, on the east side. The harbour, which is a tide harbour, with a lock, &c., is at one of the mouths of the Laceby Beck extending inland about a mile southward from the sea vessels drawing sixteen feet can enter it with high-water neap tides. There are large warehouses and timber-yarde attached to the harbour. The town formerly consisted of two parishes now united. The church of St. James, now the only one, is a large cross church, with a tower in the centre; the architecture is in a great degree early English; the west door is Norman. There are in the church some_antient monuments and inscriptions, and a VOL. XIV.-C large font of early English character. There is a small ill-Augustinian priory, the revenue of which at the Dissolution managed borough gaol. There are a tan-yard, two bone- was 1977. 178. 5d. gross, or 1671. 148. 6d. clear. There are mids, some corn mills, and a large ropery for making patent some dissenting places of worship. The living is a vicarage, cordage of phormium tenax, which has not been very suc- in the archdeaconry of Lincoln, of the clear yearly value cessful. The market is on Friday. of 3207., with a glebe-house. There were, in the year 1833, in the parish, one dame-school, with 20 children; an endowed school, with 18 boys; a national school, with 125 children; nine other day-schools, with 167 children; and two Sunday-schools, with 169 children. Grimsby is a borough by prescription; the council under the Municipal Reform Act consists of four aldermen and twelve councillors. The parliamentary borough, which was considerably enlarged by the Boundary Act, includes, besides the minicipal borough, the rest of the parish of Grimsby, and the parishes of Great Coates, Little Coates, Bradley, Laceby, Waltham, Scartho, and Clee, with the township of Cleethorpe, containing an additional population of 2364; making in all 6589. Clee has an antient chu.ch, with some fine Norman piers and arches. The living of Grimsby is a vicarage, in the archdeaconry of Lincoln, of the clear yearly value of 532. There are several dissenting places of worship. There were in the parish, in 1833, one infant school, with 20 chidren, partly supported by the corporation; a grammar-school, with 60 boys and 20 girls; a school preparatory to the grammar-school, with 54 boys and 19 girls; and a school for dissenters, with 22 children: the first two of these schools were wholly and the third partly supported by the corporation: four other day-schools, with 114 children; one boarding-school, with 23 children; and one Sunday-school, with 10 children. Alford is in the hundred of Calceworth, in the parts of Lindsey, 140 miles from London by Boston and Spilsby, and near the head of a small stream which flows into the sea. The parish contains 1410 acres, with a population, in 1831, of 1781, about one fourth agricultural. The town consists chielly of one street. The church is an insignificant building. There are one or two dissenting meeting houses. The market is on Tuesday. The living is a vicarage, united with the chapelry of Rigsby, in the archdeaconry of Lincoln, of the clear yearly value of 1227. There were, in 1833, an endowed graminar-school, with 24 boys; a national school, with 128 children; and five other day and boarding schools, with 190 children. Bolingbroke is in the soke of Bolingbroke, in the parts of Lindsey, 133 miles from London, by Boston. There was here an antient castle, built by William de Romara, earl of Lincoln, which afterwards came into the hands of the Lacy family, and subsequently into those of John of Gaunt. Henry IV., son of John, was born in this castle, and took from it his surname of Henry of Bolingbroke. There are a few remains, consisting chiefly of the tower at the southwestern angle of the castle, which was quadrangular. The parish comprehends an area of 2570 acres, with a population of 725. There is a small manufactory of earthenware. The market is on Tuesday. The church, which is antient, was partly destroyed in the civil wars of Charles I. The living is a rectory, united with the chapelry of Hareby, both in the archdeaconry of Lincoln, of the clear yearly value of 3731. There were in the parish, in 1933, one endowed and one other day-school, with 46 children, and one Sunday-school, with 40 children. Bourn is in Aveland wapentake, in the parts of Kesteven, on the road from London to Lincoln, 97 miles from the former, and 36 from the latter. There was formerly a castle here, which was the seat of a lordship of some note in the Saxon times. Hereward, the Anglo-Saxon chieftain who opposed the most protracted resistance to the Norman conquerors, was the son of the lord of Bourn, or Brunne. The parish comprehends $190 acres, with a population of 2559: it is divided into three hamlets, of which that of Bourne, with Tongue-End, contains a population of 2355, nearly one-half agricultural. The town consists chiefly of one long street of modern well-built houses. In the centre of the market-place is an antient town-hall, said to have been built by the great Lord Burghley, a native of the town; the lower part is used as a market-house. The church is lige, but appears to be only part of a more extensive plan. The piers and arches of the nave are of Norman, the clerestory of perpendicular date. At the west end, portions in the perpendicular style have been ingrafted upon others of an early English character. There are two towers at this end. Wool-stapling and tanning are carried on, and the the town has some trade in leather and wool: there is a navigable canal communicating with the river Glen. A tesselfed pavement and some Roman coins have been dug up in ighbourhood, and there are the traces of the site of an Caistor, or Castor, is in the wapentake of Yarborough, in the parts of Lindsey. Its name indicates it to have been a Roman station: by the Saxons it was called Thong Castor. Some Roman and Saxon antiquities have been discovered here. The whole parish, which extends into the wapentake of Walshcroft, contains 4470 acres, with a population of 1525: the chapelry of Holton-le-Moor contains 1750 acres, with a population of 150, leaving for the part of the parish which contains the town 2720 acres and 1375 inhabitants, of whom about a sixth are engaged in agriculture. The church is partly of Norman, partly of early English character. The town has a market on Saturday. The living is a rectory, united with the chapelries of Houghton and Chixby, exempt from the archdeacon's jurisdiction, of the clear yearly value of 2157., with a glebe-house. There were in the parish (exclusive of Holton chapelry), in 1833, an endowed day-school, with 74 children; eight other day-schools, with 194 children; a national Sunday-school, with 144 children; and another Sunday-school, with 70 children. Corby is in the wapentake of Beltisloe, parts of Kesteven, 105 miles from London by Bourne. The parish compre hends 3790 acres, with a population of 654, above half agricultural. The market, which has almost fallen into disuse, is on Thursday. The living is a vicarage, united with the rectory of Irnham and the chapelry of Bulby, all in the archdeaconry of Lincoln, ani of the joint yearly value of 60s., with a glebe-house. There were in Corby parish, in 1833, an endowed free-school, with from 10 to 25 scholars; two other day-schools, with 38 children; and one Sunday-school, with 82 children. Deeping, distinguished from some neighbouring places of the same name as Market Deeping, is in the wapentake of Ness, in the parts of Kesteven. It is 90 miles from London, on the road to Lincoln. The parish comprehends 1290 acres, and had in 1831 a population of 1091. The houses are mostly old and ill built. The market is on Thursday. Some trade is carried on by the Welland. The church contains some traces of Norman and some portions of early English architecture; the tower and other parts are of perpendicular character. The living is a rectory of the clear yearly value of 5797, with a glebe-house. There were in 1833 an endowed day-school with 70 scholars; six other day-schools with 173 children; and one Sunday-school, supported out of the poor-rates, with 80 children. Deeping St. James is a village so near to Market Deeping as almost to constitute one town with it. The parish has an area of 6470 acres, with a population of 1587. The church, originally a chapel, built by the monks of Croyland, is large and curious, chiefly in the Norman and early English styles: it contains a curious Norman font. There is an antient stone cross in this village. The living is a vicarage of the clear yearly value of 1917., with a glebe-house. There were in 1833 three day-schools with 85 children; a national school with 100 children; and a Sunday-school with 64 children. Donington is in the wapentake of Kirton, in the parts of Holland. It is 110 miles from London, on the left of the road to Boston. The parish comprehends an area of 6180 acres, with a population in 1831 of 1759, more than half agricultural. Hemp is grown in the neighbourhood to a great extent; and much hemp-seed is sold. The church is dedicated to St. Mary and the Holy Rood; there are one or two Dissenting places of worship. There is a market on Saturday. The living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Lincoln, of the clear yearly value of 1264, with a glebe-house. There were in the parish in 1833 four dame-schools with 28 children; four endowed day-schools with 315 children; and one Sunday-school with 20 children. Falkingham, or Folkingham, is in the wapentake of Aveland, in the parts of Kesteven, 106 miles from London on the road to Lincoln. Here was antiently a castle on the eastern side of the town, but only the moats and mounds remain. The parish comprehends 1700 acres, and had in 1831 a population of 744, above half agricultural. The streets are clean and well paved. The church is large and handsome, chiefly of perpendicular character; the tower has eight pinnacles and a rich battlement. A small gaol was erected thirty years ago on the site of the antient castle, and has been since enlarged. The market is on Thursday. The living is a rectory united with the vicarage of Laughton, both in the archdeaconry of Lincoln, of the clear yearly value of 511. There were in the parish in 1833 an endowed day-school with 30 children; four other day-schools with 66 children; one boarding and day school with 36 children; and one Sunday-school with 131 children. Glanford-Brigg, or Glanford-Bridges, or by familiar abbreviation Brigg, is in the wapentake of Yarborough, in the parts of Lindsey, 23 miles from Lincoln, and 156 miles from London on the road to Barton-upon-Humber. The chapelry of Glanford-Brigg is in the parish of Wrawby with Kettleby, which comprehends 5070 acres, and had in 1831 a population of 2418, of whom 1780 were in Glanford chapelry. The town is advantageously situated a short distance to the east of the Ancholme navigation, by means of which a considerable trade is carried on in corn, coal, and timber. Besides the Episcopal chapel there are Dissenting and Catholic places of worship. The market is on Thursday. The chapelry is annexed to the vicarage of Wrawby, which is in the archdeaconry of Lincoln, of the clear yearly value of 220, with a glebe-house. There were in 1833 in the chapelry three dame schools, with about 50 children; an endowed day-school with 21 children; four other dayschools with 125 children; one boarding and day school with 54 children; and three Sunday-schools with 387 children. Holbeach is in the wapentake of Elloe, in the parts of Holland, 109 miles from London, a few miles to the right of the road to Boston. The parish comprehends an area of 20,240 acres, with a population in 1831 of 3890, chiefly agricultural. The town is indifferently built and is in a low marshy district. The church is a large and handsome building, consisting of a nave, chancel, aisles, and square tower, surmounted with an ornamented octangular spire. The market is held on Thursday. The living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Lincoln, of the clear yearly value of 7027. There were in 1833 an endowed day-school with 101 children; a day-school, partly supported by subscription, with 40 children; nine other day-schools with 349 children; and three Sunday-schools with 275 children. Horncastle is in the soke of Horncastle, in the parts of Lindsey, 136 miles from London by Sleaford and Tattershall. It is supposed to have been a Roman station; some think that it was the Bannovallum of Ravennas. There are traces of a fortification yet visible, which was a parallelogram enclosing an area of twenty acres, and comprehending a considerable part of the modern town. Roman coins and other antiquities have been discovered, and at the point formed by the junction of the Waring and the Bain is an intricate circle or labyrinth called Julian's Bower. The name Horncastle is derived from the Saxon word hyrn, a corner, and is descriptive of the situation of the place in the angle formed by the junction of the above-mentioned rivers. The town, which is pleasantly situated at the foot of the Wolds, has been much improved, and consists of respectable well-built houses. The church has been in great part rebuilt of late years. Part of it is as antient as the time of Henry VII. There are several Dissenting meeting-houses. Corn and wool are the principal articles of commerce, which has been rauch promoted by the opening of the Horncastle navigation from this town to the Witham. The market is held on Saturday, and there are three fairs in the year, one of them probably the largest horse-fair in the kingdom. The area of the parish is 2510 acres; the population in 1831 was 3988, about one-tenth agricultural. The living is a vicar age in the archdeaconry of Lincoln, of the clear yearly value of 6124, with a glebe-house. There were in 1833 three dame-schools with 58 children; a Lancasterian school with 145 children; one national day and Sunday school with 225 day scholars, and 189 on Sundays; thirteen other dayschools with 331 children; two boarding and day schools with 84 children; and two Sunday schools with 186 children. There were two endowed schools (one a grammarschool) from which no return was made. There are two public libraries, a subscription library of 1000 volumes, and a clerical library. Kirton (distinguished as Kirton in Lindsey from another place of the same name in the parts of Holland) is in the wapentake of Corringham, in the parts of Lindsey, about 150 miles from London to the left of the Barton road. It is situated on the slope of that range of hills which extends from Lincoln to Barton-upon-Humber and overlooks the valley of the Trent. The parish comprehends 4210 acres; with a population in 1831 of 1542, more than one-third agricultural. The quarter-sessions for the parts of Lindsey are held here by adjournment; and there are a court-house and house of correction. There is a market on Saturday. The church is large and has a considerable portion of good early English work; there are meeting-houses for Methodists and Baptists. The living is a vicarage in the archdea conry of Stow, of the clear yearly value of 2491. There were in the parish in 1833 an infant-school with 58 children; an endowed national day and Sunday school, with 105 children in the week, and 100 on Sundays; nine other day-schools with 150 children; and one Sunday-school with 99 children. Louth is in the hundred of Louth Eske, in the parts of Lindsey, 148 miles from London by Boston and Spilsby. There were antiently three religious establishments (two guilds' and a 'chantry'), the funds of which are now appropriated to the grammar-school. The parish comprehends an area of 3620 acres, with a population in 1831 of 6976, about one-eighth agricultural. The town is in a pleasant situation at the eastern foot of the Wolds, and on the bank of the little river Ludd, over which there is a bridge. It is well built; the houses are of brick, and the streets are well paved and lighted. The church is one of the finest in the county: it consists of a nave, chancel, and two aisles, with a lofty and elegant tower, surmounted by a rich octangular crocketed spire, at the west end. The exterior presents a fine specimen of perpendicular architecture: the east window is remarkable for its beautiful tracery. The angles of the tower are supported by rich buttresses which terminate in octangular crocketed pinnacles; there are flying buttresses from the spire to these pinnacles. The height of the spire is 288 feet. The grounds of the vicaragehouse are curiously laid out as if attached to a hermitage, and are interspersed with seats, cloisters, and other appropriate buildings. There are a sessions-house and a house of correction for the division; a modern guildhall; an assemblyroom; a small theatre; and a public subscription library and news-room. There are some manufactories of worsted, carpets, rugs, and blankets, which give employment to about 100 people; a soap manufactory, a paper-mill, and breweries. Trade is carried on in wool and corn. The Louth navigation extends from the town to the ocean just at the mouth of the Humber. The markets are on Wednesday and Saturday, and there is a weekly market for cattle on Friday during the spring. The quarter-sessions for the division are held alternately here and at Spilsby. The town was incorporated by Edward VI.: by the late Municipal Reform Act it was divided into two wards, and has 6 aldermen and 18 councillors. The borough is coextensive with the parish. The living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Lincoln, of the clear yearly value of 300Z., with a glebe-house. There are several Dissenting places of worship. There were in 1833 an infant-school with 130 children, à dame-school with 20; a free grammar-school, with a large endowment, with 80 children; another endowed day-school with 25 children; thirteen other day schools with 322 children; a national day and Sunday school with 284 scholars during the week, and 59 on Sundays; and three Sunday-schools, with 580 children. Market-Rasen, or Raisin, is in the hundred of Walshcroft, in the parts of Lindsey, on a little brook, the Rase or Raisin, which joins the Ancholme, nearly 148 miles from London by Lincoin. The parish comprehends 1220 acres, and had in 1831 a population of 1428, about one sixth agricultural. The parish-church is commodious. The Roman Catholics and Methodists have meeting-houses: there is an hospital or almshouse for four poor men. The market, which is on Tuesday, is well frequented. The Ancholme navigation begins here. The living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Lincoln, of the clear yearly value of 2237., with a glebe-house. There were in 1833 ten day-schools (one of them with a small endowment) with 201 children; one boarding school with 4 children; and two Sunday-schools with 282 children. Sleaford is in the wapentake of Flaxwell, in the parts of Kesteven, 115 miles from London on the road to Lincoln. It is on the little river Slea, or Sleaford, which flows into the Witham, and is called New Sleaford to distinguish it from the adjacent village of Old Sleaford. Stukely conjectured, but on insufficient grounds, that the Romans had a station here. Roman coins have been dug up. The bishops of Lin |