BIDDE

knowledge and interpretation of the Bible.

BIBLIOGRAPH'ICALLY, adv. In a bibliographical manner. BIBLIOLOGICAL, a. Relating to bibliology.

BIBLIOLOGY, n. [Gr. echos, a book, and yes, discourse.] Biblical literature, doctrine, or theology; a treatise on books; bibliography.

BIBLIOM ANCY, or BIB'LIOMANCY.

BIBLIOMA'NIANISM, n. Book-madness; bibliomania. [Not authorized.] BIBLIOM'ANIST, n. One affected by bibliomania,

BIBLIOPHILISM, n. [Gr. Bios, and q, to love.] Love of bibliography or of books.

BIBLIOPH'ILIST, n. A lover of bibliography or of books. BIBLIOPHOBIA n. [Gr. B., and Cobtouas, to fear.] A dread of books. BIBLIOPOL'ICAL, a. Relating to bookselling or booksellers. BIBLIOP OLISM, n. The employment of a bibliopolist; bibliomania. BIBLIOPOLIS TIC, a. Relating to a bookseller or bookselling. BIB'LUS, n. [L.] The papyrus, an Egyptian aquatic plant. [See PAPYRUS.] BIBROMISATINIC ACID, n. An acid produced by bibromisatine. BICE, n. [add.] Blue bice, mountainblue, a native carbonate of copper.Green bice, mountain-green, or malachite green, also a carbonate of copper, Lixed with a small proportion of the oxide of iron.

BICEPS, a. [L. bis, double, and caput, the head.] Two-headed, or having two distinct origins, as applied to a muscle of the thigh and of the arm. BICHLORISATIN'IC ACID, n. An acid yielded by bichlorisatine when treated with caustic potash. BICH'Y, or CO'LA, n. The Cola acuminata, a tree belonging to the nat. order of Sterculiaceae. It is from the north coast of tropical Africa, but has been introduced into the West Indies, &c., by the negroes, who use the seeds for bowel complaints. BICK'ERING, n. Contention; skirmish.

BIELIN'IUM, n. [L.] In ancient Roman houses, a dining-room with only two beds or reclining benches in it. BICOLOR, a. [L. bis, and color.] Of

two colours.

BICON GREGATE, a. [L. bis, and congrego.] In bot., bigeminate, or arranged in two pairs, as the leaflets of Mimosa unguis cati.

BICON JUGATE, a. [L. bis, and conjugo, to unite.] In pairs; placed side by side.

BICOR NIS, a. [L. bis, double, and cornu, a horn.] In anat., a term applied to the os hyoides, which has two processes or horns.

BICRE NATE, a. [L. bis, and crena, a notch.] In bot., doubly crenate, a term applied to crenate leaves when the crenatures or toothings are themselves crenate.

BICUSPID, BICUS'PIDATE, a. [add.] In anat., a term applied to teeth having two fangs, or tubercles; as the two first pairs of grinders in each jaw.

BICUS PIS, n. [L.] A tooth with two

points.

BIDDE, v. t. To bid; to offer; to order. [Chaucer.] To wish; to pray. [Spenser.]

BIGGIT

BID'DERY WARE, n. A kind of metallic ware made at Biddery in Hindostan, composed of copper, lead, tin, and spelter.

BID DING OF BEADS, n. A praying with beads; also, a charge given by a Roman Catholic parish priest to his parishioners at some special time, to come to prayers upon any festival or saint's day.

BID'DINGS, n. The raising of the price of a thing at a sale or auction. BID'DY, n. A domestic fowl; a chicken; a term generally used in calling fowls to meat.

BIDE, for BID, v. t. [Spenser.]
BIDE, v. i. To stay; to reside. As a
verb active, to endure. [Scotch.]
BIDE, v. t. [add.] To wait for; as, I
bide my time. [Scotch.]
BIDENT, instead of BIDE'NT, n.
BIDENTAL, a. [add.] In zool.,
BIDENT ED, having two teeth,
BIDENTATED, or two tooth-like
BIDENT ATE, processes. [BI-
DENTAL and BIDENTED are little used.]
BIDENTIAL, a. Having two teeth;
bidental.

BIDET, n. [add.] An article of bedroom furniture used in washing the body.

BIDIG'ITATE, a. [L. bis, and digitus, a finger.] In bot., a term applied to leaves, the common petiole of which has two leaflets at its extremity. BID'ING, ppr. Abiding; waiting; residing. [Scotch.]

BIELD, n. See BEILD in this Supp. BIEN, a. See BEIN in this Supp. BIEN'NIAL, n. A plant which requires two seasons of growth to produce its flowers and fruit, and which perishes as soon as its seeds are ripened. BIF'FIN, n. A baked apple crushed down into a flat round cake. BIFLO'RATE, a. Same as BIFLOROUS. BIFO'LIOLATE, a. [L. bis, and foliolum, a little leaf.] In bot., a term applied when two folioles or leaflets are developed at the same point at the end of the petiole. The term is synonymous with conjugate.

BI FORINES, n. plur. [L. bis, and foris,
a door.] Minute oval sacs found in the
interior of the green pulpy part of the
leaves of some araceous plants. The
sacs taper toward each end, where they
are perforated, and within each there
is a second sac or bag, filled with fine
spiculæ, the space between the two
bags being filled with a transparent
fluid. When the biforine is placed in
water, it discharges its spiculæ first
from one end, and then
from the other, until
it becomes empty.
The use and origin of
these bodies are un-
known.

BIG, v. t. To build.
[Scotch.]
BIGA, n. [L.] A cha-
riot or car drawn by
two horses.
BIGAS TER, a. [L.
bis, and Gr. Jucing,
belly.] Two-bellied;
a term applied to mus-
cles, and synonymous
with biventer and di-
gastricus.

BIGEN TIAL, a. [L.
bis, and gens, nation,
tribe.] Comprising two tribes of peo-
ple. [American.]

BIG GIT, pp. Built. [Scotch.]

Biggonet, from the Royal MS. Brit. Museum. worn by nuns, and particularly by the Beguines.

BIGNONIA, n. A genus of plants of many species, inhabitants of hot climates, nat. order Bignoniaceæ. The species are usually climbing shrubs, furnished with tendrils; the flowers are mostly in terminal or axillary panicles; the corollas are trumpetshaped, hence the name of trumpetflower has been given to these plants. All the species are splendid plants when in blossom. B. æquinoxialis, a native of Guiana, is applied by the negroes to swellings of the feet; B. leucorylon, a native of Jamaica, is a tree, the wood of which is said to be an antidote to the poison of manchineel; the wood of B. chica yields a red colouring matter, with which the Indians paint their bodies; B. radicans, or Tecoma radicans, is a well-known much admired species, capable of living in the open air in this country against a wall. BIG-WIGS, n. A cant name for great people, or people of consequence. Applied especially to judges, from their large wigs. BIKE,

BYKE, n. A wild bee's nest. [Scotch.] BIKH, or BISH, n. The name given by the natives of Nepaul to a poison contained in the root of the Aconitum ferox. It is most virulent, and was used by the inhabitants of Nepaul to poison their wells when the British invaded them. BILÄ'LO, or GUILÄ'LA, n. A twomasted passenger-boat, about sixty,

Bilalo of Manilla

five feet long and ten feet broad, peculiar to the bay of Manilla, combining local arrangements with European

BILL-BOARDS

forms. Behind the mainmast is a large cabin. It carries also an outrigger for use when it blows fresh. BILAM'ELLATED, a. Same as BILA

MELLATE.

BILD'ER,† n. A builder. [Chaucer.] BILECTION MOULDING, n. See BALECTION MOULDINGS.

BILGE-KEELS, n. Pieces of timBILGE-PIECES,) ber fastened edgeways to the bottom of a ship, for the double purpose of keeping her from rolling heavily, and from drifting to leeward.

BILGE-PLANKS, n. Thick planks which run round the bilge of a ship, both inside and outside. BILGE'-WAYS, n. In ship-building, planks of timber placed under a vessel's bilge on the building-slip to support her while launching. They are also termed launching-ways. BILIM BI, or BILIM BING, n. The Malayan name of a species of acid fruit belonging to the genus Averrhoa, used in pickles.

BI'LINE, n. The name given by Berzelius to what he conceived to be the constituent principle of bile, but which is found to be nothing more nor less than either pure bile or choleic acid. BILINGUAL, a. [See BILINGUOUS.] BILIN'GUAR, Containing two languages; as, a bilingual inscription. BILIN'GUIST, n. One who speaks two languages.

BILIVER DINE, n. An ingredient in the bile. It is the principal constituent of the yellow matter forming the concretions found in the ox, and much prized by painters.

BILK, n. A cheat; a trick. [Rar. us.] BILL, n. [add.] Bill of sight, a form of entry at the custom-house, by which goods, respecting which the importer is not possessed of full information, may be provisionally landed for examination.-Bill of health, a certificate from the proper authorities as to the state of health of a ship's company at the time of her leaving port.-Bill of credit, a bill or note for raising money on the mere credit of a state.-Bill in Parliament. [add.] Bills are either public or private. A public bill is one which relates to the public generally, or to the kingdom at large; a private bill is one which directly relates to the concerns of private individuals, or bodies of individuals, and not to matters of state, or to the community in general. Money-bills, that is, bills for raising money by any species of taxation, must always be brought first into the House of Commons, but bills of every other kind may originate in either House.Bills of mortality, returns of the deaths which occur within a particular district, specifying the numbers that died of each different disease, and showing in decennial or shorter periods the ages at which death took place. [See MORTALITY.]

BILL, n. A letter; a billet. [Chaucer.] BILLARDIE'RA, n. A genus of plants, nat. order Pittosporacea. The species are called apple-berries; they are climbing shrubs, natives of New Holland and Van Diemen's Land. They bear edible fruit.

BILL-BOARDS, n. Pieces of timber fixed between the projecting planks of the bow of a vessel, and also pieces fixed to the bulwarks, serving to guide the bill of the anchor past those projecting planks.

BINDINGS

BILL'-BOOK, n. A book in which a person keeps an account of his bills, bills of exchange, &c., thus showing all that he issues and receives. BILL'-BROKER, n. An exchangebroker. [See BROKER.] BILL-CHAMBER, n. A department of the Court of Session in Scotland, in which one of the judges officiates at all times during session and vacation. All proceedings for summary remedies, or for protection against impending proceedings, commence in the bill-chamber, such as interdicts. The process of sequestration or bankruptcy issues from this department of the court. BILLED, a. Furnished with a bill. BIL'LET-HEAD, n. A round piece of timber fixed in the bow or stern of a whaling-boat, round which the line is run out when the whale darts off after being harpooned.

BILL-FISH, n. A fish of considerable size, found in the great lakes of North

America.

BILLING, n. The act of joining bills, or of caressing.

BILLINGSGATE, n. [From a market of this name in London, celebrated for fish and foul language.] Foul language; ribaldry.

BILL'-MAN, n. One who uses a bill or hooked axe; formerly applied to a soldier armed with a bill. BIL'LOT, n. Gold or silver bullion in the mass previous to being coined. BIL'LÓW,† v. t. To raise in waves or billows.

BILL-STICKER, n. One who posts up bills or advertisements in public places. BILLY, n. A companion; a comrade; BIL'LIE, a term expressive of affection and familiarity; a lover; a brother; a young man. [Scotch.] BIL'LY - BITER, n. A familiar name given to the pretty blue titmouse (Parus cæruleus).

BIMACULATE, a. instead of BIMA'CULATE.

BIMA€'ULATED, a. Same as BIMA

CULATE.

BI MANE, a. [See BIMANOUS.] Having two hands.

BIMENE'‚† v. t. (bimēn'.) To bemoan. [Chaucer.]

BIMES TRIAL, a. [L. bimestris.] Happening every two months; continuing two months.

BIN, for BINUS, as a prefix, is synonymous with BI.

BIN, n. [add.] A large chest or wooden

erection for containing a ship's stores. BINARY, a. [add.] Binary compound, in chem., a compound of two elements, or of an element and a compound performing the function of an element, or of two compounds performing the function of elements, according to the laws of combination.-Binary star, a double star, whose members have a revolution round their common centre of gravity.-Binary logarithms, a system of logarithms contrived and calculated by Euler for facilitating musical

calculations. In this system, 1 is the logarithm of 2, 2 of 4, &c., and the modulus is 1-442695; whereas in the kind commonly used, 1 is the logarithm of 10, 2 of 100, &c., and the modulus is 43429448.

BIND, n. In drinking, as much liquor as one can carry under his band or girdle. [Scotch.]

BIND'INGS, n. plur. In shipbuilding. the beams, transoms, knees, wales, keelson, and other chief timbers used for 54

BIRD-FANCIER

connecting and strengthening the vari-
ous parts of a vessel.

BINK, n. A bench; a bank; acclivity.
[Scotch.]

BINN, n. A heap of unthrashed corn.
BING, [Scotch.]

BIN'NA. Be not. [Scotch.]
BINOCULUS, n. [add.] In sur., a band-
age for securing the dressings on both
eyes.

BINO'MIAL, a. [add.] Binomial equa-
tion, an algebraical equation consisting
of two terms; as, ax + bxm=0.
BINO'MIAL, n. In alge., a quantity
consisting of two terms connected to-
gether by the sign plus or minus. [See
the Adjective.]

BINOX'ALATE, n. In chem., an oxa-
late in which there are two equivalents
of the acid to one of the base; as, bin-
oxalate of potash.

BINOX'IDE, n. In chem., deutoxide,
-which see.

BINT, for BINDETH. [Chaucer.]
BINT WRONGS, n. plur. Carnivorous
mammalia of the genus Ictides, found
in India. They are allied to and some-
what resemble the raccoon.
BIO ́PHYTUM, n. A genus of plants,
nat. order Oxalidaceæ. B. sensitivum
is a very pretty Chinese annual, with
rich yellow flowers. The pods open
when touched.
BIOTINE, n. [From Biot, a French
BIOTI'NA, naturalist.] A variety
of anorthite, found among the volcanic
debris of Vesuvius. [See ANORtHite.]
BI PELATE, or BIPEL'TATE, a.
BIPELTA'TA, n. A family of crusta-
ceans, belonging to the order Stoma-
poda, in which the shell is divided into
two shields, the anterior of which is
very large, more or less oval, compos-
ing the head; and the second, corre-
sponding with the thorax, is transverse
and angulated in its outline, and bears
the foot, jaws, and the ordinary feet.
There is but one genus (Phyllosoma),
containing the elegant transparent glass-
crabs, several species of which are in-
habitants of the Atlantic and Eastern

oceans, while one is occa-
sionally met with in the
Mediterranean.

BIPEN NIS, n. [L.] An axe
with two blades, or heads,
one on each side of the
handle. It is the weapon
usually seen depicted in the
hands of the Amazons.
BIPES, instead of BI'-
PRES.
BIPET'ALOUS, a. [L. bis, and Gr.
Traλov, a petal.] Having two petals.
BIPIN NATED, a. Same as BIPINNATE.
BIPINNATIFID, BIPENNATIFID,
for BIPIN'NATIFID, BIPEN'NA-
TIFID.

BI PONT,
a. In bibliography, re-
BIPONT INE, lating to editions of
the classic authors, printed at Deux
Ponts [L. Bipontium], Germany.
BIQUAD RATE, instead of BI QUAD-

RATE.

BIRCH-BROOM, n. A broom made

11

BISHOP

BIRD OF PARADISE. See Bird, v. i. BIRDS, n. [See BIRD.] Naturalists have arranged birds in various orders, founded chiefly on the organs of manducation and of prehension. The following is Cuvier's arrangement: -1. Accipitres, or birds of prey. 2. Passeres, or passerine birds. 3. Scansores, or climbers. 4. Gallinæ, or gallinaceous birds. 5. Gralle, or waders. 6. Palmipedes, or web-footed birds. Each of these orders is subdivided into families and genera, principally according to the formation of the beak. Latham, Illiger, Viellot, Temminck, Vigors, Latreille, and other ornithologists, have adopted systems of arrangement differing in several respects from that of Cuvier. The arrangement adopted by Linnæus is given under AvIS. BIRD'S-EYE, n. The eye of a bird; a plant; a species of primrose, or wild germander.

BIRD'S-EYE VIEW. See BIRD-EYE. BIRD'S-FOOT, n. [add.] In bot. [See ORNITHOPUS.]

BIRD'S-FOOT TREFOIL, n. [add.] In bot. [See LOTUS.] BIRD'-SPIDER, n. A species of spider. The Mygale avicularia, and other species of the genus Mygale, were at one time believed to catch birds, and hence received this name.

BIRK, n. Birch. [Scotch.] BIRKEN, a. Birchen. [Scotch.] BIRK'IE, n. A child's game at cards; a lively young fellow. [Scotch.] BIR'LING, ppr. Drinking; administering liquor; making a grumbling noise, like an old-fashioned spinning-wheel, or hand-mill in motion. [Scotch.] BIR'LY-MAN, n. The petty officer of a burgh of barony. [Scotch.] BIRN, n. A burden.-Shin an' birn, the whole of anything. [Scotch.] BIR'RUS, n. [L.] A coarse species of thick woollen cloth, used by the poorer classes in the middle ages, for cloaks, and external clothing.-Birrus was also a name for a woollen cap, or hood, worn over the shoulder, or over the head, as a cowl.

BIRSE, n. Bristles.-To set up one's birse, to rouse him to his mettle; to put him in a towering passion. [Scotch.]

BIRTH DAY, a. Relating to the day of one's birth; as, birthday festivities. BIRTH-HOUR'S BLOT, n. A corporal blemish. [Shak.] BIRTH'-SIN, n. Original sin. BIS CUIT, n. [add.] In sculp., a species of unglazed porcelain, in which groups and figures are formed in miniature. BISE'RIAL, a. Arranged in two series or rows; bifarious.

BISHOP, n. [add.] Bishops in partibus (infidelium), in the church of Rome, bishops who have no actual see, but who are consecrated as if they had, under the fiction that they are bishops in succession to those who were the actual bishops in cities where Christianity is extinct; as in Syria, Asia Minor, Greece, and the northern coast of Asia. The term is applied to those missionaries sent forth by the pope as bishops into a country imperfectly Christianized, and where the converts are not brought into any regular church order. Such missionaries are not consecrated as bishops of the country in which their services are required, but as bishops of some of the extinct sees. -Boy-bishop, in former times, a boy elected a bishop on St. Nicholas'-day,

BIT

in the cathedral and other greater churches. He was usually one of the children of the choir, and was invested with the robes and other insignia of the episcopal office, and he continued from St. Nicholas'-day to the feast of the Holy Innocents to practise a kind of mimicry of the ceremonies in which the bishop usually officiated. BISH ́OP'S-COURT, n. In England, an ecclesiastical court held in the cathedral of each diocese, the judge whereof is the bishop's chancellor, who judges by the civil canon law. BISH ́OP'S-LENGTH, n. In painting, canvas measuring 58 inches by 94. The half-bishop measures 45 inches by 56. BISIL'IQUOUS, a. Having seed in two pods.

BISMARE,† n. [Sax.] Abusive speech. [Chaucer.]

BISMILLAH, Į In the name of God! BIZMEL LAH, [Turkish.] An adjuration or exclamation common with the devout, or pretendedly devout, in Turkey.

BIS'MUTH, n. [add.] Butter of bismuth, the chloride of bismuth. BIS'MUTH-GLAUCE, n. An ore of bismuth.-Prismatic bismuth-glauce is a sulphuret of bismuth; and acicular bismuth-glauce is the same as needleore,-which see.

BISOGNO, n. [It.] A person of low rank; a beggar.

BI'SON, instead of BISON. BISUL CATE, a. [add.] In zool., clovenfooted, or having two-hoofed digits. BIT, n. [add.] A name common to all those exchangeable boring tools for wood applied by means of the crankformed handle known as the carpenter's brace. The similar tools used for metal, and applied by the drill-bow, ratchet, brace, lathe, or drilling-machine, are termed drills or drill-bits. The distinction, however, is not uniformly maintained: very frequently all those small revolving borers which admit of being exchanged in their holders or stocks, are included under the name of bits. The variety is, therefore, very great, and the particular names used to designate them are derived, in most cases, from their forms and the purposes for which they are employed. For wood, the typical form is the shell-bit (fig. a), which is shaped like a gouge, with the piercing end sharpened to a semicircular edge for shearing the fibres round the circumference of the hole. When large, it is termed a gouge-bit, and when small, a quill-bit. Sometimes the piercing end is drawn to a radial point, and it is then known as the spoon-bit-of which the cooper's dowelbit and the table or furniture bit are examples. Occasionally the end is bent into a semicircular form horizontally, and it then becomes the duck-nose bit. The centre-bit (fig. b), is another typical form, of which there are many modifications. The end is flat, and provided with a centrepoint or pin, filed triangularly, and which serves as a guide for position; a shearing edge or nicker serving to cut the fibres round the margin of the hole, and a broad chisel-edge or

a

BITTERING

cutter to pare away and remove the wood within the circle defined by the nicker. The plug-centre bit, used chiefly for making countersinks for cylinder-headed screws; the buttontool, which retains only the centrepin and nicker, and is used for cutting out discs of leather and the like; the flute-drill, the cup-key tool, the winecooper's bit, are all modifications of this borer, suited to special kinds of work. The half-round bit (fig. c), is employed for enlarging holes in metal,

and is usually fixed in the lathe or vertically. The cutting end is ground with an incline to the right angle, both horizontally and vertically, three to six degrees, according to the hardness of the material to be bored. The rose-bit (fig. d) is cylindrical, and terminates in a truncated cone, the oblique surface of which is cut into teeth like the rose-countersink, of which it is a modification. It is also used for enlarging holes of considerable depth in metals and hardwoods.

BIT, n. In the southern states of America, &c., a silver coin of the value of one-eighth of a dollar, is called a bit. BIT, n. A small space; a spot. [Scotch.]

BIT, for BIDDETH. [Chaucer.] BIT, a. Used as a diminutive; as, a bit burn, a small rivulet; a bit lassock, a little girl. [Scotch.]

BITE, v. t. [add.] To bite in, to corrode copper or steel plates; as by nitric acid.-To bite the thumb at a person, was formerly a mark of contempt, designed to provoke a quarrel.

BITE, n. [add.] In letter-press printing, that part of the impression which is improperly printed, owing to the frisket not being sufficiently cut away. BITE, n. A bit.-Bite of bread, a mouthful of bread. [Scotch.] BITING-IN, n. In engraving, a term used to describe the action of the aquafortis upon the copper or steel, on those parts from which the etching ground is removed by the graver and other tools.

BIT-MAKER, n. One who makes bits. BIT NO BEN, n. Instead of khola miтис, read khala nimuk. BIT ORE,† n. [Fr.] A bittern. [Chaucer.] BITRENT, pp. [Sax.] Twisted; carried round. [Chaucer.] BITS, n. plur. In ships. [See BITTS.] BITTER-ALMOND, n. The Amygda

lus amara.

BITTER-ASH, n. A tree; called also bitter-wood.

BITTER-BEAN, n. A deleterious or poisonous nut.

BITTER-CUCUMBER, n. The same as BITTER-Gourd. BITTER-DAM'SON, n. A tree, a species of quassia, BITTER-EARTH, n. Talc earth; calcined magnesia. BIT TERFUL,† a. Full of bitterness. BITTERING, n. A preparation used by brewers to adulterate beer. [See BITTERN in this Supp.]

BITTLE, n. A wooden bat for beatBEETLE, ing of linen. [Scotch.] BITTOCK, n. [Dimin.] A little bit; a short distance.

BIT TUR,† n. A bittern. [Spenser.] BITUMINOUS CEMENT, n. The best bituminous cements are obtained from natural asphalt, which is met with in large quantities on the shores of the Dead Sea; in Albania; in Trinidad; at Lobsaun and Bekelbroun, in the department of the Bas-Rhin; in the department of Puy-de-Dôme; near Seyssel, in the department of Ain; at Gaugeac, in the Landes; and would in all probability be found near Castleton, in Derbyshire, if carefully sought for. There are two sorts in commerce, the pure and the impure. The first does not contain extraneous matter in any great degree; the second contains a variable proportion of carbonate of lime, and is therefore better adapted to such works as are exposed to the effects of the sun. The purer asphalt melts in such positions, but is better for subterranean works. In commerce much fraud takes place by mixing coaltar and pitch; but these materials, though very valuable by themselves, destroy the superior qualities of the mineral asphalts.-[G. R. Brunell.] BITUMINOUS MASTIC, n. The same as BITUMINOUS CEMENT,-which see in this Supp. BITUMINOUS SCHIST, n. Same as BITUMINOUS SHALE,-which see. BITU'MINOUS SPRINGS, n. Springs impregnated with petroleum, naphtha, &c.

In Persia, there are numerous springs of almost pure petroleum. BIVALVED, a. Having two valves. BIVOUA€, n. [add.] The system by which soldiers on a march, or in expectation of an engagement, remain all night in the open air, in contradistinction to the systems of encampment and cantonment. This is the present signification of the term. BIVOUA€, v. t. [add.] To remain all night in the open air without tents or covering, as an army on march, or in expectation of an engagement. BIWOP EN,† pp. from Bewepe. Drowned in tears. [Chaucer.] BLACK, n. [add.] A scoundrel. Latin use of the word. BLACK'AVICE D, a. Dark comBLACK'AVISED,) plexioned.

A

[Scotch] BLACK-BALL, n. [add.] A ball of a black colour, used as a negative in voting.

BLACK'-BEER, or DAN'TZI€, n. A kind of beer manufactured at Dantzic. It is of a black colour, of a syrupy consistence, and is much prized. BLACK-BRYONY, n. A plant of the genus Tamus, the T. communis. [See TAMUS.] BLACK-CANKER, n. A disease in turnips and other crops, produced by a species of caterpillar. BLACK-COAT, n. A common and familiar name for a clergyman; as redcoat is for a soldier. BLACK-CURRANT, n. A wellknown garden-plant and its fruit, of the genus Ribes, the R. nigrum.

to an Oriental plague which occurred in the 14th century, characterized by inflammatory boils and black spots of the skin, indicating putrid decomposition.

BLACK' - DISEASE, n. The black plague or pestilence, the Morbus niger of the Latin writers. BLACK'-DRAUGHT, n. A popular purgative medicine, consisting of the infusion of senna with sulphate of magnesia.

BLACK'-DROP, n. A liquid preparation of opium in vinegar, sold as a nostrum, and known also under the names of Lancaster, and Quaker's black-drops. BLACK'-DYE, n. A compound of oxide of iron with gallic acid and tannin. BLACK ́ET, pp. or a. Blackened. [Scotch.]

BLACK ́-EXTRACT, n. A preparation from cocculus-indicus, imparting an intoxicating quality to beer. BLACK EY, n. A black person; a negro. BLACK'-FISH, n. [add.] The tantog or Labrus Americanus; also, a small kind | of whale about twenty feet long.-In Scotland, fish newly spawned are called black or foul fish, and the practice of taking salmon in the rivers, when they newly come up to spawn, is called black-fishing.

BLACK-FISH'ERS, n. Poachers who kill salmon in close time. [Scotch.] BLACK'-FLEA, n. An insect of the beetle tribe, injurious to turnips; the Haltica nemorum of naturalists. BLACK'-GAME, n. A species of grouse. [See BLACK-COCK and GROUSE.] BLACK'-GUARD, v. t. To revile in scurrilous language. [Vulgar.] BLACK'-GUARD, a. Scurrilous; abusive; low; vile.

BLACK-GUM, n. An American tree of the genus Nyssa, which bears a deep blue berry. The wood is solid, and not apt to split, and hence is used for naves and in ship-building. It is also called yellow-gum and sour-gum. BLACK-HAIRED, a. Having black

hair.

BLACK ́ING, n. [add.] The name given by founders to a black-wash, composed of clay, water, and powdered charcoal, with which cores and loam-moulds are coated, to give the requisite smoothness to the surfaces which come into contact with the melted metal. BLACK'-IRON, n. Malleable iron, in contradistinction to iron which is tinned, called white-iron. BLACK'-LEG, n. A notorious gambler or cheat.

BLACK' - LETTER, a. Written or printed in black-letter; as, a blackletter manuscript or book. BLACK-MARTIN, n. A bird of the swallow tribe, the Cypselus apus; also known by the name of the swift. BLACK-MATCH, n. A pyrotechnical match or sponge. BLACK'-NAPHTHA, n. Petroleum or

rock-oil.

BLACK'-NEBS, n. Democrats; factious discontented revilers. BLACK'-PIGMENT, n. A fine, light, carbonaceous substance, or lamp-black, prepared chiefly for the manufacture of printer's ink. By a recent process, it is obtained by burning common coaltar.

BLACK' - PUDDING, n. A kind of sausage made of blood and suet (un

BLADDER-ANGLING

rendered tallow), and boiled; blood-
pudding.

And fat black-puddings, proper food
For warriors that delight in blood.

Hudibras BLACK'-ROD, n. [add.] This official is styled Gentleman-usher of the Black Rod, and his deputy is styled the Yeoman-usher. They are the official messengers of the House of Lords; and either the gentleman or the yeomanusher summons the Commons to the House of Lords when the royal assent is given to bills; and also executes orders for the commitment of parties guilty of breach of privilege and contempt.

BLACK'-RUST, n. A disease of wheat, in which a black moist matter is deposited in the fissure of the grain. BLACK'-SALTS, n. In America, woodashes after they have been lixiviated, and the solution evaporated, until the mass has become black. BLACK'-SALT WORT, n. A British plant of the genus Glaux, the G. maritima, called also sea-milkwort. [See GLAUX.]

BLACK-SIL'VER, n. A mineral, called also brittle silver-ore, consisting of silver, antimony, and sulphur. BLACK ́-SNAKE, n. [add.] The blacksnake of Jamaica is the Natrix atra. Though not poisonous, its bite is very severe; it feeds chiefly on lizards. BLACK-SPAUL, n. A disease incident to young cattle, especially calves, called also black-leg, and black-quarter. It is indicated by lameness in the forefoot (spaul or leg), and gives a black hue to the flesh.

BLACK' STICKING-PLASTER, n. A solution of isinglass, with some tincture of benjamin, brushed over black sarsenet. BLACK-TUR PETH, n. The protoxide of mercury, commonly called the gray, ash, or black oxide. BLACK-TWITCH, n. A noxious weed in wet grounds. [See TWITCHGRASS.]

BLACK-VARNISH TREE, n. The Melanorrhea usitatissima, an East Indian tree, which, when wounded, yields a black varnish, called Theet-see or Kheu. It is extremely dangerous, as the skin, when rubbed with it, inflames, and becomes covered with pimples, which are difficult to heal. BLACK'-VOMIT, n. Melana cruenta, a discharge from the stomach of substances of a black appearance, as in yellow fever, &c. BLACK-WALNUT, n. The Juglans nigra, an American tree, the wood of which is of a dark colour, forming a beautiful material for cabinet-work. BLACK'-WARD, n. A sub-vassal who held ward of the king's vassal. BLACK-WATCH, n. The designation given to the companies of loyal Highlanders raised after the rebellion in Scotland in 1715, for preserving peace in the Highlands. They were so named from their dark tartan habiliments. The black watch formed the nucleus of the 42d regiment. BLACK'Y-TOP, n. A local name given to the stone-chat (Saxicola rubicola), from the black head and throat of the male bird.

BLAD'DER, v. t. To puff up; to fill with wind. [Rar. us.] BLAD DER-AN'GLING, n. Fishing by means of a baited hook attached to an inflated bladder. The sudden rising

BLANK-VERSE

of the bladder, after it has been pulled under water, never fails to strike the fish as effectually as the spring of a rod. BLAD DER-FERN, n. Cystea, or Cystopteris, a genus of cryptogamian plants, nat. order Polypodiaceae; so named from the bladder-like form of the capsules. There are several British species.

BLAD DER-GREEN, n. A green pigment prepared from the ripe berries of the buckthorn (Rhamnus catharticus), mixed with gum-arabic and lime-water. BLAD DER-KELP, n. Another name for bladder-wrack.

BLAD DER-TREE, n. A handsome American shrub of the genus Staphylea, the S. trifolia, called also three-leaved bladder-nut. [See STAPHYLEA.] BLAD'DER-WORT, n. Utricularia, a genus of plants. [See UTRICULARIA.] BLAD'DER-WRÄCK, n. A sea-weed, the Fucus vesiculosus, called also seaoak and sea-wrack. [See Fucus.] BLAD DERY - FEVER, n. Vesicular fever, in which the skin is covered with blisters.

BLADE-FISH, n. An acanthopterygious fish of the genus Lepturus; so called from its flatness and resemblance to a sword-blade. It is occasionally found off our coasts. BLADE-METAL, n. Metal for swordblades.

BLAE BERRY, n. In Scotland, the name given to a plant and its fruit, of the genus Vaccinium, the V. myrtillus, which grows on heaths and in woods. [See VACCINIUM.] BLANCH, v. t. [add.] In gardening, to whiten, by excluding the light, as the stalks or leaves of plants, by earthing them up, or tying them together. BLANCH'-FARM,) n. A kind of quitBLÄNCH'-FERM,) rent; rent paid in silver. [See under BLANCHING.] BLÄNCH'-FIRM, n. [Fr. blanchir, and law Lat. firma, rent.] White - rent; rent paid in silver, not in grain or cattle.

[See under

BLÄNCH'-HOLDING. BLANCHING.] BLANCH'ING, n. [add.] In gardening, the process of whitening the stalks and leaves of plants. [See the Verb in this Supp.]

BLANCHING-LIQUOR, n. The solution of chloride of lime used for bleaching.

BLANCK,† a. [See BLANK.] Confounded; out of countenance. [Spenser.]

BLANCK'ED,† pp. Confounded or disappointed. [Spenser.]

BLANC-MANGE, n. (blomonje'.) [Fr.] Same as BLANC-MANGER.

BLANDFORD'IA, n.

A genus of

beautiful plants, natives of New South

Wales. Nat. order Liliaceæ.

BLAN'DISE,† v. t. To blandish; to

flatter. [Chaucer.]

BLANK'- BAR. In law. [See under BLANK, n.]

BLANK'-CARTRIDGE, n. A cartridge filled with powder, but having no ball. n. A sinking

BLANK'-DOOR, BLANK'-WINDOW, in a wall, either in the exterior or interior of a building, finished with dressings like a door or window. BLANK'-VERSE, n. Any verse without rhyme; applied particularly to the heroic verse of five feet without rhyme; such as that adopted in dramatic poetry, and in Milton's Paradise Lost.

L-SUPP.

BLATTA

BLANQUETTE', n. (blanket'.) [Fr.] In cookery, a white fricassee. BLÄR'NEY, n. A marvellous narration; gross flattery; smooth, deceitful talk; unmeaning or vexatious discourse. [Irish.]

BLAS'PHEMY, n. [add.] Etymologically, this term denotes speaking so as to hurt; using, to a person's face, reproachful, insulting, and injurious language, calumny, reviling, &c. In this general way it is used by Greek writers, and also in the New Testament.-In the modern and restricted sense, blasphemy signifies the use of insulting or derogatory, or unbelieving language, with respect to God and divine things; and the kind of blasphemy cognizable by the law of England is described by Blackstone to be "denying the being or providence of God, contumelious reproaches of our Saviour Christ, profane scoffing at the Holy Scripture, or exposing it to contempt and ridicule." The crime of blasphemy is punished by the laws of most civilized nations. In Roman Catholic countries, speaking disrespectfully of the Virgin Mary and of the saints is held to be blasphemy.

BLASPHEMY, n. A blasphemous person. [Shak.]

BLAST, n. [add.] A current of air directed on a furnace by bellows or by a blowing machine, for the purpose of quickening the combustion, and increasing the heat.-A flatulent disease in sheep.

BLAST, v. i. To wither; to be blighted. BLÄST, v. i. To pant; to breathe hard; to smoke tobacco; to boast; to speak in an ostentatious manner. [Scotch.] BLASTE'MA, n. [Gr. ßiuotuva, to bud.] In bot., the axis of growth of an embryo; the thallus of lichens. In anat., the granular gelatinous basis of the ovum; the rudimental mass of an organ in the state of formation. BLAST ODERM, instead of BLASTODE'RM.

BLAST'-PIPE, n. The waste-pipe of a steam-engine; more especially a pipe in a locomotive steam-engine to carry the waste steam up the chimney, and to urge the fire, by creating a stronger current of air. In the figure, a a represent in section the cylinders of a

d

locomotive, from which the steam, after doing its duty, escapes by the blast-pipe b, into the chimney d; Cis the smoke-box.

BLAS'TUS, n. [Gr. Shares;, a shoot.] In bot., a term sometimes applied to the plumule of grasses. BLAT'TA, n. A genus of orthopterous insects, including the cockroaches. 57

BLENNIUS

BLATTER,† v. i. [add.] To rail or rage. [Spenser.]

BLAT TIDÆ, n. In Dict., for kakerlæ, read kakerlac.

BLAW, v. i. To blow; to breathe; to publish; to brag; to boast. As a verb active, to flatter; to coax.-To blaw in one's lug, to cajole; to flatter a person. Hence, a blaw-in-my-lug, is a name for a flatterer; a parasite. [Scotch.] BLAW'ORT, In. A plant; blueBLAE'WORT,) bottle, Centaurea cyanus, Linn. [Scotch.]

BLAŽE, n. [add.] In America, a white spot made on trees, by removing the bark with a hatchet. Such marks are often made on trees in dense forests, to enable a traveller to find his way, or to retrace his steps.

BLAZE, v. i. [add.] To blaze away, to keep up a discharge of firearms. BLAZ'ING OFF, n. Burning off the composition of oil, suet, wax, and other ingredients, with which saws and springs are cooled in the process of hardening.

BLAZING-STAR, n. A plant, the Aletris farinosa, the root of which is greatly esteemed by the Indians, and people of the western states of America, as a tonic and stomachic. BLA'ZON, v. i. To make a brilliant figure; to shine. [Rar. us.] BLE,† | n. [Sax. bleoh.] Colour; hue. BLEE,+) [Chaucer.] BLEA BERRY, n. BLEACH'FIELD, n.

See BLAEBERRY. A field where cloth or yarn is bleached. BLEACH'ING-LIQUID. See BLANCH

ING-LIQUOR.

BLEAK, n. [add.] The bleak is the Leuciscus alburnus; the silvery scales of this species are used in the manufacture of artificial pearls. BLEAK'LY, adv. In a bleak manner; coldly.

BLEAR, n. Something that obscures the sight. To blear one's e'e, to blind by flattery. [Scotch.] BLEAR'-EYE, n. Lippitude; a chronic catarrhal inflammation of the eyelids. BLECH'NUM, n. Hard-fern, a genus of plants. [See HARD-FERN.] BLEEZE, n. or v. Blaze. [Scotch.] BLEINE,† n. (blein'.) [Sax.] A pustule. [Chaucer.]

BLENCH ER,† n. He or that which frightens.

BLENCH'ES,† n. plur. Deviations. [Shah.]

BLENCH'ING, ppr. For "checked; deadened," read, checking; deadening; shrinking.

}

BLENCH'ING, n. A shrinking back; a giving way. BLEND, n. [For "Ger. blenden, to BLENDE, bind," read, Ger. blenden, to blind.] [add.] The term blende is most commonly used by mineralogists to denote an order of minerals, to which the following genera belong:-Manganese-blende, zinc-blende, antimonyblende, ruby-blende.

NOTE. The word should be always written blende, not blend. BLEND'ING, n. In painting, a process by which the fusion or melting of the pigments is effected by means of a soft brush of fitch or badger's hair, called a blender or softener, which is passed over the little ridges with a soft feathery touch.

BLEN'NIUS, n. The blenny, a genus of small acanthopterygious fishes, living in small shoals, and frequenting rocky coasts. They are distinguished by their

7 B