336. RULE 9. C.-The Interrogative Adverbs how, when, where, why, are always the first words in a question; as, When will you go?

337. RULE 9. D.-The Adverbs never, sometimes, always, often, &c., are generally placed before the Verbs they qualify, except the Verb to be; as, He always walks before dinner. He is always good-natured.

338. OBS.-When the Participle is preceded by two or three Auxiliaries, the Adverb is placed immediately before the Participle, or between the Auxiliaries, according to the word it more especially qualifies; as, He has been unceasingly pursued by his enemies. He has lately been engaged in his new undertaking. In the first sentence, the Adverb unceasingly qualifies the word pursued, and is therefore next it; in the second, it has reference to time, and is therefore next the word has, which marks the tense or time of the Verb.

EXERCISE CXXX.

Underline the Adverbs, and doubly underline the words they qualify :

:

How do you do?

He is

I was

The master taught the boy very well. Undoubtedly, the statement he has made is incorrect. dismissed, not for his dishonesty, but for his idleness. never in Paris. He always comes late. Where shall we find truth? The Pacha has been entirely defeated; he has not been driven back before. I care not for his wealth or his power. I care, not for his wealth, but for his reputation. Still shall her streamers float on the breeze. I remember him well. My friends, do they now and then send

A wish or a thought after me?
Oh! tell me I yet have a friend,

Though a friend I am never to see.

They would have been well satisfied. This has often been said. Such things may often have been done before. The field, having been well tilled, will now yield a good crop. How strangely are the opinions of men altered by time!

339. RULE 9. E.-Only is generally placed after the Noun or Pronoun which it qualifies, and before the Adjective, Adverb, or Verb; as, To man only has been given the power of speech. The teacher is only strict, not severe.

EXPL.-In the first sentence only qualifies the Noun man, and is put after it; in the second, it qualifies the Adjective strict, and is put before it. So, My brother can only read, he cannot write; as only qualifies the Verb, it comes before it.

put be

340. OBS.-Only, qualifying a clause or phrase, fore it. (335.) Thus, I have seen the castle, but only at a distance. Here only, qualifying the phrase at a distance, is put before it. Sometimes only is an Adjective; as, An only child.

EXERCISE CXXXI.

Underline the words to which only relates. Enclose it in brackets when an Adjective:

England is not only opulent, but powerful. England only has possessions in South Africa. Ranges of mountains are not found only on the western parts of a country, but they are mostly there. England only performs her duty, in aiming at the improvement of the world. England is not the only nation that aims at bettering mankind. Italy, says Coleridge, has every gift of GOD, only not freedom, I only am left.

341. RULE 9. F.-Here, there, where, are generally better than hither, thither, whither, with Verbs of motion; as, Come here. Go there.

342. OBS. 1.-Hither, thither, whither, which were used formerly, are now considered stiff and inelegant.

343. OBS. 2.-Hence, thence, whence, although by themselves they express motion from, sometimes have the Preposition before them; as, he came thence, or, he came from thence. Instead of hence, &c., we may also say, from here, &c. In questions, the Prep. goes at the end. So, WHERE did you come FROM?

344. RULE 9. G.-Two negatives convey the sense of an affirmative; as, It is not unfair, EXPL.-This means, It is fair.

345. RULE 9. H.-Some Adverbs are used as Adjectives; as, The above discourse. After ages.

346. OBS.-This usage has sometimes been reprobated, but without just ground; it is found in our best writers, and accords with the general analogy of language.

347. CAUTION.-Never use Adjectives as Adverbs. Say, The girl speaks distinctly, not distinct.

348. RULE 9. I.-An Adjective follows a Neuter Verb, when it qualifies the Noun which precedes the Verb, and not the Verb itself; as, The fields look green.

EXPL.-Here green qualifies fields, not look.

349. OBS.-Use the Adjective and not the Adverb, when you can change the Verb into the corresponding part of the Verb to be. So, The fields look green, might be, The fields are green. He looks cold; The air felt keen; } but, {He felt the insult keenly.

looks coldly on us.

EXERCISE CXXXII.

(a) Give the more usual form of these sentences:—

Why are ye come hither? Thy servant went no whither. The king proceeded thither. Whence are ye come?

hence to Bath. They could proceed thence alone.

He goes

Change the double negative into affirmative sentences:

Do not be insincere. Let me wander not unseen.

He was

not unable to come; he was unwilling. Do not be undecided. He was neither uninvited nor unwelcome.

(c) Supply the appropriate words.-Note. Sometimes Adverbs are required: sometimes Adjectives:They would have spoken very (

).

). If he do not come ), I shall have left. The soldiers would fight ( The violet smells ( ). The fire burns (

). The stars

), on

) with

flashed

shine ( ). The iron feels ( ). My sister is pretty. My sister looks ( ). My friend should appear ( account of his good fortune. The clouds look ( rain. The thunder rolled ( ) and the lightning ) in the deepest parts.

( ). The sea looks (

VERBS.

350. A verb must agree with its Nominative in Number and Person (241, &c.).

351. OBS.-The Verbs need and dare are found without the s in the third singular; as, He need not go; She dare not come. RULE 10.

352.-Neuter Verbs of motion generally take the Auxiliary be, instead of have; as, He is come.

EXPL.-We might say, He has come; but the meaning would not be quite the same. He HAS come calls attention to the fact of his having come: he is come, to the fact of his being here.

EXERCISE CXXXIII.

Supply the appropriate Auxiliaries:-Note. Some of the Verbs do not admit of the Verb to be.

rived.

) walked fast.

Your father

) ar

now

The messengers ( ) returned. The vessel ( The boy ( ) slept soundly. Your friend ( ) not come. arisen. Your friend ( ) retired from the contest.

gone.

You (

353. CAUTION.-Never use Neuter Verbs for their corresponding Active Verbs, or the reverse. Say, The book lies on the table, not lays.

EXPL.-Lays is Active. A person lays a book on the table, but the book lies on the table.

EXERCISE CXXXIV.

Supply the appropriate Verbs:

The children (

(NEUTER.) Rise, Lie, Fall, Sit. (ACTIVE.) Raise, Lay, Fell, Set. ) into the pond. The gardener will ( My brother was ( ) on the chair. We ) the fare

the trees to-day. had (

) a trap for the birds. They have (

by that coach.

then have been

your left foot. The thermometer will for three hours. He had been

Our fowls (

on the grass.
those books down.

(

) those trees? Let it (

)

) eggs now every day. down. When do you mean to ) there. He ( ) in bed late.

354. RULE 10. A.-Some Verbs are both Active and Neuter; as, He broke the glass; The glass broke.

EXPL.-In the first sentence broke is Active, or Transitive, as the action of breaking passes over to the object glass. In the second sentence broke is Neuter, or Intransitive, as the action of breaking is confined to the subject glass, and does not pass over to any object. (104.)

EXERCISE CXXXV.

Underline the Actives; doubly underline the Neuters :Move the coat from this chair. The moon moves round, the earth. The fire has been burning a long while. The fire burnt the house down. I wish you would turn the dog out of the garden. The wheel was turning quickly. They sank the enemy's ships. The enemy's ships sank.

355. RULE 10. B.-Neuter Verbs admit an Objective after them, of a Noun of similar signification; as, I ran a race.

EXPL.-Here the Neuter Verb, ran, is followed by the Noun, race, in the Objective Case. (103.)

EXERCISE CXXXVI.

Underline the Neuter Verbs and their Objectives :

All must sleep the sleep of death. He had lived a life of benevolence. Pharaoh dreamed a dream. The emigrant looked a last fond look at his native land. Let me die the death of the righteous. I have fought a good fight.

RULE 11.

356. Some Verbs must be followed by particular Prepositions; as, He never swerves from the line of duty.

EXPL.-Such Verbs are called Preposition Verbs. They have the power of Active Verbs; thus line is in the Objective, governed by the Preposition Verb swerves from. They may be made Passive, like Active Verbs; as, The line of duty must not be swerved FROM. So, No one likes to be laughed AT. (380.)