308. RULE 7. E.-Much, little, whole, are used only with Nouns of QUANTITY; many, few, several, with Nouns of NUMBER; and some, no, all, enough, any, with Nouns of both QUANTITY and NUMBER; as, I will not take much luggage. You have many friends.

EXPL.-Here, much relates to the quantity of luggage, and many to the number of friends.

EXERCISE CXIII.

Make two divisions, A, B; place under A the sentences of quantity, under B those of number. Underline the Adjectives and their Nouns :

I will take no more fruit to-day. The army wants more men. He has the most glory. Most men would wish to be thought benevolent. All men think all men mortal but themselves. All discord is but harmony not understood. He has little wealth, and less influence. Many churches were burnt down at the fire of London, but more houses. He has a few marbles in his pocket. Some persons are very anxious. I gave him some milk. He had several good paintings. The general has no men. He has no ammunition for his men. The king had had trouble enough. He has books enough.

309. Rule 7. F.-The Adjective many is used with a Singular Noun, with the Indefinite Article between them; as, Many a man was lost.

310. RULE 7. G.-The Correlative to such is as; as, Such men as those are happy.

EXERCISE CXIV.

Enclose in brackets the Nouns to which the Adjective MANY refers, and supply the Correlative to SUCH:How many a time have I been relieved by him. Such a scene ( ) this, is too painful for me. Full many a flower is born to blush unseen. By such a temptation ( ) that, many a youth would have fallen. The enemy does not regard such a force ( ) we can bring into the field.

811. RULE 7. H.-The Comparative Degree is used when only two objects are compared, the Superlative when more than two; as, That is the better house of the two. That is the best house in the street.

EXPL.-In the first sentence, only two objects being compared, best would be wrong.

EXERCISE CXV.

-

Supply any appropriate Adjectives :

She is the ( ) of them all. She is the ( ) of the two. Newton and Kepler were both great men, but Newton was the () of the two. Newton was the ( ) of all astronomers.

New Holland is the (

) of all islands. New Holland is ) than Great Britain, but the latter is the () of the two.

312. OBS. 1.-Other, and the Comparative of simple comparison, are followed by than; but the Comparative of selection is followed by of; as, It was no other than your uncle. He is wiser than I am. He is the wiser of the two.

313. OBS. 2. -In simple sentences, the Superlative Degree is followed by of; as, London is the largest of all cities. But if a dependent clause (230) follow the Superlative, the Relative that must be the first word of the dependent clause; as, She is the finest ship that I have ever seen.

EXPL.-The first sentence is a simple one, and the Superlative largest is, therefore, followed by of: the second has a dependent clause, and the Superlative finest is, therefore, followed by that. (295.)

EXERCISE CXVI.

Supply the appropriate words :

He is the best ( ) all brothers. That is the worst of all the actions ( he performed. I know John and James; I think John the better ( ) them. I know John, James, and Henry; I think John the best ( ) them. The campaign

was more arduous ( ) any other.

314. RULE 7. I.-When a person or thing belonging to a class is compared with all others of that class, either the Superlative must be used, or the Comparative with other; as, Solomon was the wisest of all men; or Solomon was wiser than all other men.

EXPL.-Solomon is a person belonging to a class of men; and in comparing him with that class, the Superlative is used in the first sentence, and the Comparative with other in the second. Solomon was wiser than all men would be wrong; for he was himself a man, and could not be wiser than himself.

EXERCISE CXVII.

Change the Superlative into the Comparative, with other, or the Comparative with other, into the Superlative:Caesar was the greatest of all the Roman generals. Deceit is the meanest of all vices. England is the richest of all nations. Venus is the brightest of all the planets. The Severn is larger than all the rivers of England. London is larger than any other capital city of Europe.

315. RULE 7. K.-When different classes are compared, the Comparative only can be used; as, John is better than his brothers.

EXPL.-Here, John belongs to one class, and brothers to another; the Comparative is therefore used. John is the best of his brothers, or John is better than his other brothers, would be incorrect; for it would be making John his own brother. Milton has, The fairest of her daughters, Eve; but this is a classical idiom.

EXERCISE CXVIII.

Underline the Nouns of different classes, and doubly underline those of the same classes :

Car

Mary is prettier than her sisters. Hercules was the strongest of all the Greeks. Mont Blanc is the highest mountain of Europe. Socrates was more patient than most men. nivorous animals are much fiercer than others. N

ARTICLES.

RULE 8.

316.-The Definite Article is used with either Number; as, The good man. The good men. The Indefinite with the Singular only; as, A good man.

317. EXCEPTION.-The Indefinite Article is used before Plural Nouns preceded by some of the Numerals, by few, or by great many: as, A hundred men: a few boys: a great many people. Such phrases have the sense of a Collective Noun,

EXERCISE CXIX.

Underline the Articles and their Nouns :

A clever boy is the pride of his parents. A virtuous woman is the crown of her husband. A great many ships sail to-day. I would have lent him a few pounds. The king sent me a present. Give me a hundred pounds. A thousand men rushed out.

318. OBS. The sense of a Plural is often expressed by using a Noun Singular with the Adjective many, and the Indefinite Article between them; as, Many a man has been ruined by extravagance, which means, Many men have, &c. (309.)

319. RULE 8. A.-The Definite Article points out some particular person or thing; as, The queen is in town. The Indefinite is put before Nouns used generally; as, A lamp gives light.

EXPL.-In the first sentence, the is used, because it points out a particular person,—our own queen. So in the sentence, The man I saw in the garden has left, the clause, I saw in the garden, limits the word man to one particular individual, and no other. But in the second example, the Noun lamp is used generally, and is not any particular lamp singled out from others, and therefore the Indefinite Article is used.

(

EXERCISE CXX.

Supply the appropriate Articles :

) sun gives light to our earth. He gave me ( apple out of the basket. He restored ( ) apple he stole. lamp is better than a candle (meaning any lamp). lamp is better than a candle (meaning my lamp).

320. RULE 8. B.-The Definite Article is used before a Noun when it stands for a whole species made up of distinct individuals; as, The lion is the strongest of all animals.

The Article is omitted when it stands for a whole species not made up of distinct individuals; as, Silver is not so heavy as gold.

EXPL.-In the first example the word lion stands for the whole class of lions, and this class is made up of distinct individuals, and therefore requires the Article before it. So, too, The oak is a nobler tree than the elm.

In the second example the word silver is used generally ; but as the whole is not made up of distinct individuals or parts, the Article is omitted. So, too, Oak is harder than elm.

321. EXCEPTION.-The word man, used in a general sense, does not take the Article before it, although made up of distinct individuals; as, Man is born to trouble.

EXERCISE CXXI.

Make some short sentences using the following Nouns, Underline them when they represent the whole class :Wine, Horse, Metal, Man, Corn, Coal, Crocodile, Sugar. 322. RULE 8. C.-The Indefinite Article is used before the Comparative with than (312); as, He is a wiser man THAN his brother. The Definite before the Comparative with of; as, He is THE wiser of the two.

323. OBS.-The Definite Article before the Comparative limits its meaning more precisely; as, He said this, that he might appear THE wiser. So, I do it THE rather on this account.

EXERCISE CXXII.

Supply the appropriate Articles :

John has ( ) larger property than his sister, but he is not ( ) happier of the two. Mont Blanc is ( higher mountain than Jungfrau. This is ( than the other, but it is ( ) longer of the two.

> ) better road