294. RULE 6. K.-Sometimes the Relative is governed by a Preposition following it; as, The school which he went to was a good one.

EXPL.-Here the Relative which is governed by the Preposition to following it. When that is used as a Relative, the Preposition ALWAYS comes after; as, The horse that he rides on. So the interrogatives, generally, have the Preposition coming after them, as, Which did he send for? This construction marks the character of the sentence more strongly than if the Preposition were put first, by throwing the Interrogative or Relative to the beginning of the sentence, and so giving it emphasis.

EXERCISE CIV.

Underline the Relatives and Interrogatives, and doubly underline the Prepositions governing them :

I do not know what my friend is driving at by these remarks. Whom did the coach run over? Which did he call What was it all about? The house, which he lives in,

for?

is an old one.

The paper, which you write on, is not good.

295. OBS.-It will be seen that the Relative is always the first word in its own clause, except when preceded by a Preposition.

296. RULE 6. L.-An Antecedent of the third person is sometimes omitted; as, Who will, may weep.

EXPL.-Here who will is equivalent to those who will. This usage is common in proverbial sayings, but is hardly allowable in familiar language.

EXERCISE CV.

Supply the Antecedents in the following sentences :Who steals my purse, steals trash. Who lives to nature, rarely can be poor; who lives to fancy, never can be rich. Whom he would he slew, and whom he would he kept alive. Who can advise, may speak. Who pries, is indiscreet. Who finds the clearest not clear, thinks the darkest not obscure. Who seizes too rapidly, drops as hastily.

297. RULE 6. M.-The Relatives are often omitted; as, I received the present you sent me. EXPL.-Here the Noun present is the Antecedent to the Relative that or which understood.

EXERCISE CVI.

Supply the Relatives where they might be used :

He knows the man I spoke about. It was the happiest day I ever spent. Have you purchased that Edition of Cicero I named to you? Middleton wrote the Life of Cicero you were reading. The poems Cicero wrote are lost. When we think of the enjoyments we want, we should think also of the troubles from which we are free. Charity, like the sun, brightens every object it shines upon. A censorious disposition casts every character into the darkest shade it will bear.

298. RULE 6. N.-When the Demonstratives relate to two different subjects previously mentioned, THIS relates to the second, THAT to the first; as, Idleness and industry produce very different results; this leads to comfort and respectability, that to want and degradation.

EXPL. So also, in the use of the one, the other; the former, the latter: the one, the latter correspond to this: the other, the former, to that: as, Athens and Sparta were the chief states of Greece: the one was more renowned for arms, the other for arts. Or, The latter was more renowned for arms, the former for arts.

EXERCISE CVII.

Supply the appropriate Adjective or Pronoun :

England has great advantages for manufacture and commerce; ( ) is facilitated by the extent of her coast and the goodness of her harbours, ( ) by her inexhaustible mines of iron and coal. The boy and the girl have been equally to blame; ( ) committed the fault, ( ) contrived it. The

possession of a sound judgment is better than that of wealth; we may lose through the misconduct of others, but can be destroyed only by death.

ADJECTIVES.

RULE 7.

299. Every Adjective refers to some Noun, expressed or understood, or to some sentence equivalent to a Noun; as, Those good men are happy.

So in the sen

EXPL.-Here happy qualifies the word men. tence, That he should have refused the appointment, is extraordinary; the Adjective extraordinary qualifies the foregoing sentence, That he should have refused the appointment.

300. RULE 7. A.-When the Noun is not expressed, and the Adjective takes the Definite Article before it, it is termed the Adjective Absolute; as, The good are happy.

EXPL.-Here the word good is an Adjective Absolute, having the Noun understood.

EXERCISE CVIII.

Underline the Adjectives Absolute, and enclose in brackets the other Adjectives:

The just shall live by faith. Good men love the good. We admire the accomplished, but we love the amiable. I love him because he is brave. The brave are not destitute of a sense of danger, but they have the courage to be superior to it. He is very wicked. Therefore the ungodly shall not stand in the judgment, nor sinners in the congregation of the righteous.

Here are the wise, the generous, and the brave, The just, the good, the worthless, and profane. The vast immense of space. The lowest deep. And through the palpable obscure, finds out his uncouth way. The righteous shall flourish like a green bay tree.

301. OBS. (1.)—Adjectives Absolute are Singular when they are used instead of Abstract Nouns; as, The sublime.

(2.) They are usually Plural when they refer to persons; as, The good are happy.

302. RULE 7. B.-Each, every, either and neither, referring to Nouns in the Singular only, require the Verbs to be Singular; as, Each person gives a different statement.

EXPL.-Here the Adjective each agrees with the Noun person in the singular, and requires the Verb gives to be so too. So, Every day brings further information. Either is good enough.

EXERCISE CIX.

Supply appropriate Verbs and Pronouns :

Let each

Every man ( ) now prepared for the worst. esteem others better than ( ). Either of the houses ( ) large enough for my brother. The Scriptures inform us that every action ( ) good or bad, according to the motive giving rise to ( ), and not according to ( ) consequences.

) date after his banishment. Let ) own property. Each child ( ). Neither of them

Every one of his letters (
each man look after (
furnished with a book for (
present. Every evening (

{

) devoted to study. When every

person ( ) arrived, I will go on. Every one ( ) how much more difficult it is to retain in the memory a multitude of things which are unconnected, and lie in confusion, than of those disposed according to a rule or plan.

303. OBS.-Every may be followed by a Plural Noun or Adjective, when taken collectively, as I go to Rome every three

years.

EXPL.-Here, the expression three years is taken collectively, as one period, and, therefore, allows every to precede it.

EXERCISE CX.

Underline the Nouns to which EVERY belongs:The President of the United States is chosen every four years. Every fifty men were formed into

company. I visit my friend every few days. The Jewish jubilee was commemorated every fifty years. The census is now taken in England every ten years. It is an erior to say that the Aloe blooms but once every hundred years.

304. RULE 7. C.-The Demonstratives must agree in Number with the Nouns to which they refer; as, This kind of people does not suit me. EXPL.-The Noun kind being Singular, the Singular this is used. These kind would, strictly, be incorrect.

305. OBS.-Some good writers use these kind, these sort, &c., understanding kind, sort, &c. as Nouns of Multitude. This, however, is a usage to be observed rather than imitated.

EXERCISE CXI.

Supply the Demonstratives:

Do give me

correct.

) books. ( ) notion of things is not plants of my brother's are valuable. I had hoped by ( ) means to relieve his mind. ( ) sort of proceedings must be discontinued. ( ) are the means of success.

306. RULE 7.D.-Plural Numerals sometimes have Singular Nouns; as, Ten sail of the line.

307. OBS.-This occurs in the following cases :

(1.) Where a part of any thing is used for the whole, as in the example above given, Ten sail of the line, where the Noun sail, a part only, is used for the whole ship.

(2.) With Nouns which express some definite number, and have seldom, or never, a Plural form, as Three brace of partridges: where brace, which has no Plural form, is significant of number. So, score, dozen, &c.

(3.) With the words foot, pound, pair, and some others, as twenty foot deep. The Plural form of the Noun is now, however, preferable, as twenty feet deep.

EXERCISE CXII.

Make three divisions, A, B, C; place the examples of (1) under A, those of (2) under B, and those of (3) under C:

Two hundred horse entered the town. I paid him three pound ten six months ago. I sent him three dozen peaches. There are three pair of bellows in the forge. Twenty sail of the line have gone down the channel. He has bought three score of eggs. He has shot fifteen brace in one day. There may have been two hundred head of cattle in the meadow.