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2. John Veselianus, Doctor, Martyr.

He was a Dutch priest, who having held certain Waldensian and Wickliffian opinions, abjured the same before the bishop of Mentz, in the year 1470. He also denied the procession of the Holy Ghost from the second person in the Trinity. Fox, speaking of the recantation of this martyr of his coining, says, "Although this aged and feeble old man, by weakness was constrained to give over unto the Roman clergy by outward profession of his mouth; yet, notwithstanding, his opinions and doctrine declared his inward heart, of what judgment he was, if fear of death present, had not otherwise enforced him to say, then he did think." Bravo, John Fox! Now what is this but justifying the practice of mental reservation, against which so much is said by the enemies of Catholicism? So then, a man may say one thing a and mean another, and yet be a true Protestant martyr.-Oh! John Fox, the foundation on which you have built your church is of so sandy a soil, that it is no wonder you are put to your shifts, and are under the necessity of making so many doublings to get out of the mess, yet your cunning only carries you deeper into difficulties. When a martyrologist is compelled to take apostates for saints, we may be sure he is hard pushed to make up his list.

3. Doctor Veselus alias Basilius, Confessor.

This confessor was a libertine priest of Groningen,, in Friesland, who was examined upon certain fantastical opinions which he held, and though widely different from those held by Protestants, he is here made a saint for want of a better.

4. Henry Sutphen, Martyr.

He was a Dutchman also, and an apostate monk, burned at Diffemar, in Germany, for divers disorders and Lutheran opinions, in the year 1524, seven years after Luther began his new doctrine. He liked Luther's licenses to marry so well, that he took a mate to himself.

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Another Dutch saint and an apostate priest also, burned two years after Sutphen, for his apostasy and seditious opinions.

6. Peter Flessidius, Martyr.

This Foxian saint was a German, burned at Cologne in the year 1528, for certain propositions which Fox himself has not recorded.

197. Adolphus Clabachus, Martyr.

Another German, burned at the same time with the foregoing at Cologne, of whom Fox says as little as of his colleague.

8. Patrick Hamilton, Martyr.›

Patrick Hamilton was a young man, nephew to the earl of Arran, and abbot of Ferme. When what is called the Reformation broke out, he preferred the licentious living of the reformers to the rigid rule of a monastic life. Quitting his monastery, therefore, he travelled through Germany and fell in with Luther, who sent him to Scotland infected

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with his pernicious and blasphemous opinions.Thus stored with novelties, he began of his own head not only to teach them, but to preach them openly. This coming to the ears of the king, he caused him to be apprehended as a disturber of the peace, and examined as to his doctrines. They were found to be subversive of order and morality, and as such he was sentenced to die unless he retracted his dangerous opinions. This he refused to do, and suffered accordingly. For a fuller account of his doctrines we refer the reader to our second volume of the Review, p. 229.

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9. Thomas Hitton, Martyr.

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Hitton was a priest at Norwich, who becoming infected with the modern notions of scriptural inspiration, abandoned his priestly functions, and became a smuggler of books in and out of the realm from Tyndal, the false translator of the bible into English. Sir Thomas More, in his preface to his Answer to Tyndal, tells us that this Thomas Hitton was apprehended at Gravesend upon suspicion of having stolen some linen from a hedge. He was burned at Maidstone in the year 1530, under Henry the eighth. Fox, in his original work, has a particular pageant of the burning of this suspected martyr.

10. Thomas Bilney, Martyr.

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Mr. Bilney is made by John Fox a great and red lettered saint of this month. He was one of the first Lutherans in England, but his opinions agreed very little

He wasth Fox's church, though he is fain to make him a

martyr of it, and it appears he died A CATHOLIC! He was a master of arts at Cambridge, and was one of the foremost, as we have said, in Henry VIII.'s days, that publicly favoured Luther's opinions in his sermons. For this cause he was called before cardinal Wolsey and Tunstall bishop of London, in 1527. At this examination there were 34 interrogatories put to him, concerning points of Catholic doctrine, disputed in those days.-Fox confesseth that both Bilney and one Thomas Arthur, who was examined with him, answered most of them according to the Catholic faith,-How then could Fox think of making Bilney a martyr of his church, when he held so many points against him, and in favour of the Catholic church? Of the 34 questions put, Bilney agreed with the Catholics on 30 of them; and they were questions too which struck at the root of Protestantism. For example, the first was, "Whether Bilney and Arthur did believe in their hearts, that the assertions of Luther were justly condemned. And whether Luther and his adherents were wicked and detestable heretics or not?" The second was, "Whether ecclesiastical constitutions did bind, and ought to be observed for conscience, and not only for fear?"-To these two interrogations Fox admits that master Bilney answered in the affirmative; and conse quently this rubricated saint, by his voluntary admission, excluded Luther and all his disciples from the calendar of his canonizer as detestable heretics, and deserving perdition, Bilney also admitted the doctrine of purgatory, praying to saints, the use of images, the mass, and many other Catholic articles of faith; but as he differed and denied some points, he was denounced to be heretical in opinion, and, as Fox confesses, did penance for the same, having made a formal recantation of his error.

Falling, however, a second time into his former heresies, he was again convicted and condemned to be burned for a relapse. Finding himself doomed to death, he again became reconciled to the Catholic church, and died a Catholic, as sir Thomas More affirms, in his preface before mentioned. He prepared himself by confession, demanded absolution, and received the holy sacrament on his knees before he died, yet, notwithstanding this public profession of the Catholic faith, Fox has made him a Protestant, and recorded him a red coated and proto martyr.al What weight can be given to this proved lying martyrology?

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11. David Foster, Martyr.

This man was a poor artificer of Yorkshire, and suffered for disturbing his neighbourhood with his dangerous doctrines.

12. Edward Freese, Confessor.

This saint was first a painter, and then became a monk at the abbey of Bury in Yorkshire, from whence he ran away upon the liberty of the new gospel, became a painter again, and took to himself a wife.-Infected with fantastical notions, he became a disturber of the peace, for which he was apprehended and cast into prison, where he fell mad and died, and by this means became a confessor and saint of Fox's church.

13. Valentine Freese and his Wife, Martyrs.

He was brother to the before-mentioned painter, and was an artificer in the north. He and his wife being very forward in spreading their seditious doctrines, Henry the 8th caused them to be burned at York.

14. Father Batt, Confessor.

This holy father of Fox's church was a simple old dotard, who took upon him, in Henry's days, together with his wife, to spread Luther's doctrine in the northern counties, for which he was put in prison, but escaping by night, he was thought worthy to be male a confessor by John Fox.

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dated most boleh sy s allot o'I 15. Rawlins White, Martyr.d to 98038 of .enoiton el re of whom Fox t He was a fisherman of Cardiff in Glarmorganshire, of whom teldeth a wonderful story of his being inspired by the Holy Ghost, though a simple unlettered man. Understanding in King Edward's days that there were new doctrines stirring, and that they were to be had by reading the bible in English, it grieved poor Rawlins White sorely that he could not read. However, he resolved to send his little boy to school (to learn to read, which when he could do pretty well, he bought a bible for him, and caused the boy to read the same unto him diligently. The old fisherman soon began to think himself another apostle, by the gift he imagined he had received of interpretation, and commenced expounder of the mysteries of faith, as he thought best, "being," Fox says, diligent searcher of the truth." Accordingly both he and the boy, leaving their occupation, fell to preaching, and went up and down Wales together, the boy carrying the bible, and Rawlins expounding the same. At last he became so fantastical and forward in his opinions, which Fox could the not particularize, that he was apprehended in Mary's days, and

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dni 19 Thomas Tompkins, Martyr.

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He was a weaver of Shoreditch, who would never take a web to weave, but would first begin with prayer, according to the testimony of John Fox.

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Fox allows, that on being taken before Bonner, that bishop did all he could to recall him from his wild notions, in which kind office he was assisted by Dr. Fecknam, dean of St. Paul's, and Dr. Harpsfield, archdeacon of London. So anxious were these divines to bring the weaver to a sense of his error, that his sentence was deferred from September to March, but he was obstinately bent on his notions. Fox tells a story, and has a representation of the circumstance in his original work, that Bonner caused him to put his hand in a candle, to give him a sense of burning before he went to the stake; and the martyrologist makes a great many exclamations of cruelty thereat. "But," says father Parsons, "if the bishop had done it to the end, that by scorching his hand he might have saved his whole body and soul, who would deny but that it would have been charity and no cruelty. But (continues the father) Fox alleges no record or witness, but his own words, which deserve but little credit."

17. Thomas Higbed, Gentleman, Martyr.

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Mr. Higbed was of the county of Essex, and was associated with Thomas Causton in spreading the doctrines of the Reformation, in Mary's days, though what these doctrines were it is difficult to understand. "Fox setteth down," says father Parsons, " divers examinations of theirs together with articles propounded unto them, and their answers unto the same, all which answers do tend principally to shew that they

were Sacramentarians, and held Zuinglius's opinions in the article of the real presence. And yet the tenth article or interrogatory, ministered unto them, being about the reprobation of the doctrine of Robert Barnes, John Frith, Thomas Gerrard, and others condemned before them, (the first of which three was an earnest Lutheran, the third an earnest Zuinglian, and John Frith indifferent between them both, as after (July 2.) you shall hear) : these two wise gentlemen, notwithstanding, admitted them all three for true doctors of their religion, for that they were contrary to their adversary the pope and his church. And moreover, (continues the father) to the ninth interrogatory, which was, What lawful ground they had to depart from the faith and religion of their ancestors? They answered in these words: That they thought to have a just and lawful cause and ground because they have now read more of the scriptures than either themselves, their parents, or kinsfolks have read or seen heretofore. (Fox, p. 1399) Lo! (exclaims Parsons) what a goodly ground these wise gentlemen bring forth, depending, only on their own reading of scriptures and exposition thereof, as they think best, and thus much of them."

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18. Thomas Causton, Gentleman, Martyr...

Mr. Causton was companion to the aforesaid expounder of the scriptures, and was somewhat more forward than the other. To suppose that these men were more learned than all the world beside; that they knew the sense of scripture better than all the clergy, from the time of St. Augustin, who converted the nation to Catholicism, to cardinal Pole, who then filled the see of Canterbury, must be preposterous folly, and none but men infatuated with error and delusion could entertain the notion that individuals differing in essential points of doctrine, could all be true doctors of theology; yet did these men hold this gross absurdity, and are accounted fit martyrs for Fox's church, though hardly a remove from bedlamites.

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19. William Hunter, Martyr.

This saint was an apprentice to a weaver in London, 19 years old, who ran away from his master, having become infected with biblereading, and conned out of that book a new religion for himself. Fox says, Hunter's master gave him leave to be gone, to avoid being troubled with him any longer; from which it would appear that he was no very desirable servant. Going to Brentwood, where his father lived, he found an English bible in the chapel of that town, which he began to read, and afterwards became a disputer about the real presence. Fox sets down at great length his disputation, first, with one Frances Atwell, á sommoner; then with Mr. Wood, vicar of Southwell; thirdly, with Mr. Browne, a justice of the peace, and, fourthly, with bishop Bonner, "Over all these," (says father Parsons) "John Fox makes this apprentice, William Hunter, though he were but a boy, and scarce able to read, to have had the victory and superiority in disputing and reasoning. He (Fox) writes also (continues Parsons) that the said apprentice had a prophetical dream of his burning; which fell out afterwards as he had dreamed. He sets down his exhortations to his father and mother at the stake, when he should die, as also his speeches to the

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