SECTION LV.

Of Translations from the Sungskritu, and works written in the dialects of India.

GODS.

Translations from the Sungskritů are not numerous, compared with the vast multitude of works to be found in this language; and this is easily accounted for: the bramhinical system denies learning to all but bramhuns, and this order of men entertains the most perfect contempt for every thing written in the vernacular tongues. Still, however it has been found necessary to meet the public taste, and to give imitations of some of the most popular works in the dialects derived from this, THE LANGUAGE OR THE Some persons have supposed, that the popular language of India is the Hindoost'hanee, but so far from this being the case, the Hindoost'hanee is no where the language of a single village of Hindoos throughout the whole of Hindoost'hano, but every Hindoo dialect is derived from the Sungskritu. We might go still farther, and say, that not a single Hindoo, amidst all the millions in India, ever speaks the Hindoost'hanee as his mother tongue: it is only used amongst those Hindoos who have been or are connected with Musulmans or Europeans. The author has obtained a list of popular works in some of the dialects of India drawn from the Sungskrită, or written at once in those dialects, and here he begs leave to close this chapter, on the Literature of the Hindoos, and with it the present volume:

In Bengalee.-The Chundee, by Kůvee-Kănkůnů, a bramhon, a work relating to the wars of Doorga with the giants. These verses are recited for eight days together. at some of the Hindoo festivals.-The New Chundee, and the Ramayŭnů, by RamanăndăTeert'hu-Swamse.

A poetical version of the Ramayŭnů, by Krittee-Vasů.

Recitations of this work at

the houses of the Hindoos sometimes continue for several days, when two or three hundred persons assemble each day.

The Mahabharuté, by Kashee-Dasŭ, a shōōdrů, is in the houses of great numbers, who read it at their leisure.

The Munusa-Mungōlů, by Kshémanîndă, a shōōdră; a work respecting the goddess Mănăsa, at whose festival the contents are sung.

The Vishalakshee, by Mookoondo, a bramhŭn, is a work in verse on the wars of the goddess of this name, a form of Doorga, which is sung at festivals, at the holy places, and by individuals.

The Shivu-Gană, by Raméshwŭrů, a poetical work on the adventures of Shivů as a mendicant, sung at festivals, &c.

The Satya-Narayŭnů, a story by Shunkйracharyů, a bramhun, relative to a god known among the Hindoos by the name of Sutyă-Narayŭnů, and amongst the Musulmans by the name of Sutyů-peerů.

This is a story in

The Dhurmŭ-Ganŭ, by Vinňyň-Lökshmünů and Ghŏnů-Ramă. verse respecting Laoo-Sénň, a person who, through the power of Yumŏ, (death) is said to have caused the sun to arise in the west. The sunyasees sing these verses at the festivals of Dhurmu (Yămă), as do also lepers and others, who make vows to this god.

The Krishnй-Măngůlů, by Madŭvů, a poem on the revels of Krishnň and the milk maids, sung at the festivals of Krishno, and containing many licentious descriptions. The Govindŏ-Măngòlă, by Huree-Dasă, a voiragee, a story in verse respecting Huree, or Krishnň.

The Kalika-Müngülŭ, by Krishnŭ-Ramă, a shōodrů, and Kăvee-Văllübhŭ, a bramhon : a story respecting the goddess Kalee, to which is attached an indecent though exceedingly popular story respecting Soondără, a person who obtained in marriage, in an extraordinary manner, the daughter of Veeru-Singhō, the raja of Burdwan. This song is sung on the last of the eight days (rather nights) occupied in the recitations of the KalikaMăngülă.

The Unnida-Müngülŭ, by Bharătă-Chůndră-Rayů, a work respecting the goddess Unno-Poorna.

The Punchanŭnă-Gēētu, by Ŭyodhya-Ramů, a shōōdră, a work in praise of Pănchanůnă, Dăkshină-Rayŭ, Shushť'hee, Makhalo, &c.

The Gonga-Bhaktee-Tărănginee, by Doorga-Průsadă: a poem relative to Gănga. The Dévée-Mahatmyŭ-Chŭndrika, by Ŭbhŏyů-Chărůnů: a story relative to Doorga in the form of Moha-Maya.- Kalee-Keerttunů, by Ramă-Prŭsadů, a shōodrů: a similar work.-Bhuvanee, by Doorga-Ramă, a similar story.

The Krishnů-Keertănŭ, by Govindă-Dasŭ and Vidya-Pŏtee.

The Choitünyǎ-Müngülŏ, by Lochănă, a voishnŭvů: the history of the god Choitǎnyů in verse.—Pashůndŭ-Dălănă, by Radha-Madhŭvă, a voishnŭvă: a work in favour of the

voishnŭvŭs.—Choitůnyă-Chăritamrită, by Krishnŭ-Dasă, a voishnŭvů, a work in defence of Choitunyă, partly in Sungskrito and partly in Bengalee.-Voishnăvă-Văndăna, by Doivukee-Năndănů, a voishnăvă.-Choitůnyŭ-Bhagăvůtů, by Vrinda-Vănů-Dasă, a voishnŭvă.—Mănŭ-Shikshya, by Nŭrottŭmů, a voishnŭvŭ.—Rŭsůmŭyŭ-Kulika, by Sănatănă, a voishnŭvů: on faith in Krishnŭ.-Prémů-Bhüktee-Chundrika, by T'hakoorůGoswamee.

These popular stories are in verse, of different metres. Single verses are frequently quoted in conversation, and the stories they contain are almost universally known among the Hindoos.

In the language of Mit'hila, or Tirhoot.—The Hŏree-Văngshũ, by Bhomănă-Kăvee.— The Rookminee-Hŭrůnů, by Vidya-Putee.-The Oosha-Hărănă, by ditto.—The Mõhéshu-Vanec, by ditto.-The Vishnoo-Půdě, by ditto.-The Krishnŭ-Chŭritrů, by ditto.

In the Télingu language.—The Ramayŭnů, by Bhăvă-Bhootee.-The Bhagavůtů, by Dundee.—The Bharůtů, by Alasanee-Pyadănů.—The Raghuvŏ-Pandŏveeyй, by Shănkŭrů.—The Bhuvanee-Părinŭyŭ, by Bhuvŏ-Bhōōtee.-The Minoò-Chŭritrů, by Alasanee-Pyadănă.-The Radha-Madhüvă-Sümvadă.-The Kiratarjooneeyй, by AlasaneePyadini.-The Rookminee-Părinŏyň.-The Soobhüdra-Părinйyй.-The Nüloduyŭ.— The Hurish-Chundră-Natŭků.—The Parijatй.-The Mühee-Ravouă-Chăritrů, by Lŭsküsŭmēē.—The Sharîngă-Dhără-Chŭritrů, by Nagŭma.—The Rookmangădă-Chărită, -The Honoomůntů-Vijùyů, by ditto.

In the Hindee.-The Ramayŭnů, by Toolŭsee-Dasů.-The Ramŭ-Chăndrika, by Kũvee-Priya.—The Vignanŭ-Geeta, and the,Rusikŭ-Priya, by Késhŭvů-Dasŭ.-The Rŭsărajn, by Mitee-Ramŭ.—The Bhagŭvůtů, by Bhōō-Putee.-The Shōōrō-Sagără, by Shoorǎ-Dasu.-The Phadilŏlee-Průkashů, by Shookŭ-Dévů.-The Kuvee-Kooli-Kunt'habhürünů, by Chintamŏnee.-The Bulu-Bhůdrů-Chétunee, by Bălă-Bhůdrů.-The Nukhŏ-Shikha, and the Ushtu-Yamů, by Dévă-Rajů.—The Săptă-Shutee, by VihareeDasu.-The Singhasănů-Võtrishee.-The Vétalǎ-Puchishee.

In the Vruju-Bhasha.-Respecting this dialect, a gentleman of Lucknow thus wrote

to the author on the 13th of August, 1817: "There are in the Brůjů-Bhasha two Gēētas, one or two Ramayănŭs, the Bhagŭvătă, and several books containing stories, (Itihasi), all of which are commonly read by the native soldiers, and I believe by the inhabitants of this part of the country generally."

In the Marhalta.-The Rookmince-Swuyumborů.-The Panduvă-Průtapă.—The Hǎree-Vijˇyŏ.-The Shivu-Leelamrito.-The Soodamŭ-Chăritră.-The Poorvunee, by Damojee-Punt'.-The Shravŭnů-Poorvŭnee, by ditto.-The Pandoo-Rangă-Mahatmyй.—The Ühee-Ravună.-The Geeta, by Ramŭ-Dasă.-The Manŭsŭ-Leela, by

Ramu-Dasů.

In the dialect of Bhoju-poort.-The Ramŭ-Jăună, by Toolůsee-Dasă.

In the Ootkulu, or dialect used in Orissa.—The Bhagŭvătă, by Jăgănnat❜hă-Dasă.The Mŏhabharută, by Sarüla-Dasă.—The Ramayŭnă.—The Itihasă, by Vishnoo-Dasă. -The Geet-Govindů, by Dhŭrůnee-Dhărů.--The Geeta, the Kartikŭ-Mahatmyŭ, and the Rusu-Kullolă, by Krishnŭ-Dasă.-The Kanchunů-Luta.-The Ooddhuvă-Choutrisha.-The Goondicha-Vijňyŭ; the Hungsŭ-Dōotů, the Lukshmee-Vilashă; the Dhărănee-Dhůru.

In the Asam.-The Mühabharůtů, by Ŭnuntu-Kundŏlee.—The Gēēta, by ditto.—A part of the Shee-Bhagůvůtů, by ditto.-The Shree-Bhagůvůtů, by Shůnkŭrů.—A popular poetical abridgment of ditto, by ditto.-The Bărň-Geētu, by ditto.-The Prasungň, by ditto.-The Leela-Mala, by ditto.-The Kanň-Khoa, by ditto.-The Ghosha, by Madhŭvů.—The Kalika-pooraně, by ditto.-The Chundee.—The Rajă-Neetee.—The Boon jee.--The Hurish-Chundropakhyanů.-The Ramayŭnů.—The Ramů-Kēērtănů.

In the dialect of Joypore.-The Vusuntă-Raju.-The Rutno-Mala, by Shivu-Rajň. -The Shiva-Choupayee, by Shivŏ-Dasu.-The Dadookee-Vanee, by Dadoo.-The Mŏdhoo-Malutee.-The Charună-Rusů.-The Shivă-Sagură, by Shivă-Raju.-The Shōoru-Dasu-Kuvitwă, by Shōōră-Dasă.-The Geeto, by Ajomayŭrů.-Another Geetă, by Phatyolu-Vélo.-The Hüttü-Prüdeepă.

In the dialect of Bhŭgélkünd.—The Sooyabhayă-Tăree.-The Dadra.-The Koondăriya, by Giree-Dhůru.

In the dialect of Béndélkénd.—The Bhromără-Gēētă, by Krishnă-Dasă.—The RasăLeela, by Shōoră-Dasă.-The Bhagйvătů, by Priyu-Dasů.-The Snéhů-Lecla, by Kanǎrů-Dasă.

In the Népaul dialect.-The Krishnă-Chăritră, by Ramu-Chăndrů.-The Chanukyŭ.

In the Huriana.-The Rookminee-Măngălă, and the Soodamă-Chŭritră.

In the Wuch (Outch).-The Sahévanŭ-Mirja, by Chundrů-Vanů.-The OomărăMarăvee, by ditto.-The Shushee-Prushni, by ditto.

In the dialect of Kunoju.—The Priť'hoo-Raju-Rayŭso, by Chundrů.-The Dhoo-Leela.-The Juyu-Chéndră-Prăkashŭ, by Chăndră-Bható.-The Kuvee-Průkashů.—The Vanee-Bhooshǎnǎ.-The Doorga-Bhasha.-The Geeta.-The Dhŭnnayee.-The Vinoyŭ-Putrika, by Toolusee-Dasă.-The Ramu-Shůlaka, by ditto.

In the Bikaneer dialect.-The Goutumŭ-Rayŭso, by Sămăyă-Găndră.-The ShreePală-Rayuso. The Shalŏ-Bhădră-Rayŭso, by Jinů-Hără-Kishwŏrů.-The ShégoonjăRayŭso, by Sümŭyŭ-Gündhrů.—The Danů-Sheelů-Choudhariya, by Kshōma-Kŏlyană. -The Eoontee-Shooddhu-Mală, by Jinů-Hŭrů-Kishwără.-The Doodhya-Rayŭso, by Oodŭyů-Bhanoo.-The Bhurǎlee-Pooranů, by Rayŭ-Bhanoo.

In the Harotee dialect.-The Dholamarănee.-The Sorét-Vijo.-The Soorăjănă-Koruso.—The Phůtůmŏlă.—The Nót'ha-Maroo.-The Bără-Doomů.-The Bhagǎlee.— The Chondéra.-The Meenee.-The Parăsună.-The Amirů-Kosako.-The Saonkiloorů.-The Téjo-Dhůru.-The Charŭnă.

In the Sindhoo (Sinde).-The Bhugŭvůdgeēta, by Bhagŭvătă-Dasă.—The DralalõjaPănjura, by Sahévů-Ramŭ-Thakooră.-The Ooréré-Laloja-Pănjura, by Kürmŭ-Bhogů.