with Zeal to adventure and purchase of BISH.

Page 263, line 29. Luke . . . Sir Epicure Mammon

and Sir Baalam. Luke Frugal is in Massinger's "City Madam" (see note on page 462); Mammon in Ben Jonson's "Alchemist," the speaker of the passage quoted above; and Sir Balaam in Pope's Moral Essays, III. He it was whom Satan tempted :

But Satan now is wiser than of yore,
And tempts by making rich, not making poor.

Lines 351-352.

Page 263, line 32. We may read in "The Guardian." I do not find this example in The Guardian. Lamb may have had in mind either The Rambler, No. 181 (December 10, 1751), or The Connoisseur, No. 93 (November 6, 1755).

Page 263, line 34. Dr. Johnson said to Garrick. The story is in William Cooke's Life of Samuel Foote: "Soon after Garrick's purchase at Hampton Court he was showing Dr. Johnson the grounds, the house, Shakespeare's temple, etc., and concluded by asking him: 'Well, Doctor, how do you like all this?' Why, it is pleasant enough,' growled the Doctor, for the present; but all these things, David, make death very terrible'" (Birkbeck Hill, Johnson Misc., II., 394).

Page 264, line 3. Chateaubriand. The phrase was a regular formula when the death of a French king was announced. Last used officially at the exequies of Louis XVIII. Chateaubriand did not invent it.

Page 264. UNITARIAN PROTESTS.

London Magazine, February, 1825. Not reprinted by Lamb.

Unitarian and other Dissenters had to be married in English churches until the end of 1836. Lord Hardwicke's Act of 1753, in force, with certain modifications, at the time of Lamb's essay, provided that all marriages not performed in church, with due publication of banns and licence duly granted, were null and void with Dissenters. It was customary, after the ceremony in an established church, to lodge a protest against the terms of the service. Hence Lamb's scathing

strictures. Lamb was himself nominally a Unitarian, as were many of his friends. In 1796, as he told Coleridge, he adored Priestley almost to the point of sin. But in later life Lamb dropped away from all sects. Hood, who knew him well, and wrote of him as lovingly as any one, remarked in his "Literary Reminiscences" in Hood's Own probably with truth:

As regards his Unitarianism, it strikes me as more probable that he was what the unco' guid people call "Nothing at all," which means that he was every thing but a Bigot. As he was in spirit an Old Author, so was he in faith an Ancient Christian, too ancient to belong to any of the modern sub-hubbub divisions of Ists, -Arians, and —Inians.

And it is told of Lamb that he once complained that the Unitarians had robbed him of two-thirds of his God. I do not identify M——, the friend to whom this letter was written.

Page 268. AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF MR. MUNDEN.

London Magazine, February, 1825. Not reprinted by Lamb.

This skit followed "The Biography of Mr. Liston" (page 248) which was printed in the preceding month's issue. Leigh Hunt, referring in his own Autobiography to this exercise of invention, says: "Munden he [Lamb] made born at 'Stoke Pogis;' the very sound of which was like the actor speaking and digging his words."

To come to fact, Joseph Shepherd Munden (b. 1758) was the son of a poulterer in Leather Lane, Holborn, where he was born. At the age of twelve he was errand boy to an apothecary and afterwards was apprenticed to a law stationer. More than once-incited by admiration of Garrick-he ran away to join strolling companies, and at last he took to the stage altogether. Of his powers as an actor Lamb's other descriptions of him (see pages 341 and 378 of this volume and also page 148, Vol. II.) say enough. Munden's last appearance was on May 31, 1824. He died in 1832. His son was Thomas Shepherd Munden, who died, aged fifty, in 1850. He wrote his father's life.

In Raymond's Memoirs of Elliston is an account of an excursion which Lamb once made with Elliston and Munden. I have quoted it in the notes in Vol. II.

Page 268, line 23.

1759.

Should be 1758.

Page 269, line 21. The part of Gripe. Sir Francis Gripe in Mrs. Centilivre's "Busy Body," the part in which Munden made his first appearance in London in 1790.

Page 269, seventh line from foot. Edwin, Wilson, Lee Lewis, etc. John Edwin the elder (1749-1790), whom Munden succeeded in 1790 at Covent Garden.-Richard Wilson, an actor in such parts as Munden afterwards played, flourished in the seventeen seventies and eighties.— Charles Lee Lewes (1740-1803), the comedian, excellent, among many other parts, in Young Marlow in "She Stoops to Conquer," which he played to Goldsmith's own satisfaction.

Page 270, line 5. Dozy. In T. Dibdin's farce "Past Ten O'clock and a Rainy Night" (see page 378).

Page 270. THE "LEPUS" PAPERS.

These papers appeared in The New Times at various dates in 1825. They have never before been identified as Lamb's; but I know them to be his from internal evidence and from the following allusion in Crabb Robinson's MS. Diary preserved at Dr. Williams' Library :

"January 7, 1825. Called on Lamb and chatted. He has written in The New Times an article against visitors. He means to express his feelings towards young Godwin, for it is chiefly against the children of old friends that he humorously vents his spleen." The article in question, No. I. of the series, is No. X. of a series called Variorum. Lamb's signature, Lepus (a hare), is appended to all that are here included. A further means of identification is the passage about Captain Beacham's family, which will be found paralleled in Lamb's letter to Landor of April 9, 1832—“the measureless B.'s" (see below). The Variorum series lasted flaggingly until April, one of the last articles in it being Lamb's review of the Odes and Addresses (see page 285), which, however, was not signed Lepus. It then died. In August a new series, entitled "Sketches Original and Select," was begun, with an article by Lepus, but this also soon flagged. Lamb does not seem to have contributed to it again.

The New Times, January 8, 1825. Signed "Lepus."

Another proof of Lamb's authorship of this essay will be found in a letter from him to Walter Savage Landor on April 9, 1832, where he writes::

There

"Next, I forgot to tell you I knew all your Welsh annoyances, the measureless B.'s. I knew a quarter of a mile of them. Seventeen brothers and sixteen sisters, as they appear to me in memory. was one of them that used to fix his long legs on my fender, and tell a tale of a shark every night, endless, immortal. How have I grudged the salt-sea ravener not having had his gorge of him! The shortest of the daughters measured five foot eleven without her shoes. Well, some day we may confer about them. But they were tall. Truly, I have discover'd the longitude."

Lamb also returned to the charge a little later in the Popular Fallacy "That Home is Home" (see Vol. II., page 458). The first idea for both this essay and the Fallacy we find in the letter to Mrs. Wordsworth dated February 18, 1818. Lamb also utilised a portion of this essay in his Popular Fallacy "That You must Love Me, and Love My Dog," published in February, 1826.

66

Page 270, line 31. What a piece of work is Man!" etc.

Hamlet

says: "What a piece of work is a man! how noble in reason! how infinite in faculty!" and so forth ("Hamlet," Act II., Scene 2, lines 315, etc.). Page 270, line 35. "Tædet me harum.” See note on page 411. Page 271, line 28. Those Seven Sleepers. The seven sleepers of Ephesus, according to the Koran, slept for 309 years; according to Gregory of Tours, 250 years.

Page 271, line 36. Captain Beacham. From the letter to Landor VOL. I.-32

we know the name to be Betham, a brother, I think, of the Lambs' friend, Matilda Betham, the author of The Lay of Marie.

Page 272. II.—READERS AGAINST THE GRAIN.

The New Times, January 13, 1825. Signed "Lepus." Page 274, line 6. Daniel. The dragon's fare consisted of pitch and fat and hair seethed together (see Bel and the Dragon, XXVII.). III. MORTIFICATIONS OF AN AUTHOR.

Page 274.

The New Times, January 31, 1825. Signed "Lepus."
Page 275, line 2. A- -n C

Page 276. IV.-TOM PRY.

m. Allan Cunningham.

John

The New Times, February 8, 1825. Signed "Lepus." I have no guess at the original of this character sketch. Poole's famous play " Paul Pry," in which Liston played so admirably, was not produced until September of this year, 1825. Lamb and Poole had a slight acquaintance through the London Magazine, to which Poole contributed dramatic burlesques. Lamb had given to the landlord in "Mr. H.," in 1806, the name and character of Pry.

Page 276, line 18. Like the man in the play. Chremes, in the opening scene of the Heauton Timoroumenos by Terence (line 77), says: "Homo sum: humani nihil a me alienum puto". I am a man and to nothing that concerns mankind am I indifferent.

Page 277, line 4.

24-25

"Usque recurrit." Horace's Epist., I., x., lines

Naturam expelles furca, tamen usque recurret,

Et mala perrumpet furtim fastidia victrix.

(You may drive Nature out with a pitchfork, yet she will persistently return, and will stealthily break through depraved fancies, and be winner.)

Page 277. V.-TOM PRY'S WIFE.

The New Times, February 28, 1825. Signed "Lepus."

In a letter from Lamb to the Kenneys, of which the date is uncertain, we get an inkling as to the identity of Mrs. Pry :

"I suppose you know we've left the Temple pro tempore. By the way, this conduct has caused many strange surmises in a good lady of our acquaintance. She lately sent for a young gentleman of the India House, who lives opposite her at Monroe's the flute shop in Skinner Street, Snowhill,-I mention no names. You shall never get out of me what lady I mean,-on purpose to ask all he knew about us. I had previously introduced him to her whist table. Her inquiries embraced every possible thing that could be known of me-how I stood in the India House, what was the amount of my salary, what it was likely to be hereafter, whether I was thought clever in business, why I had taken country lodgings, why at Kingsland in particular, had I friends in that road, was anybody expected to visit me, did I wish for visitors, would an unexpected call be gratifying or not, would it be better that she sent beforehand, did any body come to see me, was not there a gentleman of the name of Morgan, did he know him, didn't he come to see me, did he know how Mr. Morgan lived, she could never make out how they were maintained, was it true he lived out of the profits of a linen draper's shop in Bishopsgate Street?"

Mrs. Godwin's address was 41 Skinner Street.

Again, Mary Lamb tells Sarah Hazlitt on November 7, 1809: "Charles told Mrs. Godwin Hazlitt had found a well in his garden which, water being scarce in your country, would bring him in two hundred a year; and she came in great haste the next morning to ask me if it were true." Page 279, line 9. "Lumen siccum.". See note on page 418.

Page 279. VI.—A CHARACTER.

The New Times, August 25, 1825. Signed "Lepus."

This differed from the five papers that have preceded it in inaugurating a new series entitled "Sketches Original and Select." Lepus, however, contributed no more. I have no idea who the original Egomet was, possibly an India House clerk.-Thomas Griffiths Wainewright, the Janus Weathercock of the London Magazine, of whom we shall hear more in Vol. II. of this edition, had occasionally used the pseudonym Egomet Bonmot, and Lamb may have borrowed it. In many ways Lamb's Egomet approximates to Mr. Meredith's Egoist.

Page 279, line 27. Jack Ketchery. From Jack Ketch, the dynastic name of the hangman (see note on page 406).

Page 279, last line." There is no reciprocity." Lamb puts these words into inverted commas, but it is possibly no quotation.

Page 280, line 11. "Nimium vicini." In allusion to Virgil's (Ecl., IX., 28) "Mantua væ miseræ nimium vicina Cremona "Mantua alas, too near ill-starred Cremona" (for it shared the fate of Cremona, which had rebelled against Augustus and suffered confiscation). Lamb comments in his " Popular Fallacies" (see Vol. II.) upon Swift's punning use of the phrase. Page 280, line 20. Page 280, last line Pagod, an East Indian see note on page 445.

Page 280.

Fame of Diana.

Fame of Diana. See Acts of the Apostles xix. of essay. Pagod ... Lucretian Jupiter. A idol, a sacred temple. For Lucretian Jupiter

REFLECTIONS IN THE PILLORY.

London Magazine, March, 1825. Not reprinted by Lamb.

The second article under the heading "Excerptions from an Idler's Scrap-Book" (see Appendix, page 380, and note to the same). The editor's note is undoubtedly Lamb's, as is, of course, the whole imaginary story. It must have been about this time that Lamb was writing his "Ode to the Treadmill" (see Vol. V., page 67) which appeared in The New Times in October, 1825.

The pillory, which has not been used in this country since 1837, was latterly kept principally for seditious and libellous offenders. In May, 1812, for instance, Eaton, the publisher of Tom Paine's Age of Reason, stood in the pillory. The time was usually one hour, as in the case of Lamb's hero, the victim being a quarter turned at each fifteen minutes, in order that every member of the crowd might witness the disgrace. The offender's neck and wrists were fixed in holes cut for the purpose in a plank fastened crosswise to an upright pole. The