the warm translucent yellow, clouded with varying shades of brown, seen in the ossified back, when in its highly polished state, of the land-turtle. But it certainly can be distinguished by a remote suggestion of a resemblance to the shell of that reptile. The real old Whieldon plates, so named after Thomas Whieldon (circa 1740), the first maker of them, are also distinguishable by their bevelled edges-at least all those I have seen are. The ware was produced by the use of pounded flint as a constituent of the body of earthenware. The material was mixed with sand and pipe-clay, and coloured with oxide of manganese and copper. Great Coram Street. J. H. MACMICHAEL. Harpenden. Orient Guide' more fully? I cannot find it Would MR. LOFTIE kindly describe "The in the British Museum Catalogue under etymology of Betelgeuse is interesting; it "Orient," "Guide," or "Periodical." His differs from Ideler's. Mr. J. E. Gore, in his useful elementary Astronomical Glossary,' 1893, 139 pp. small 8vo., gives a great many Arabic star names and their usual Greek letter equivalents, without giving the meanANGELS AS SUPPORTERS (8th S. xi. 384; ing of the Arabic words. Mr. Gore gives xii. 32, 232, 394). The angel supporters "Algenib y Pegasi, probably al-djanah alreferred to (8th S. xii. 32) on the high altar farras, i. e., the wing of the horse." Can this screen of St. Alban's Abbey bear the arms of farras be the origin of the German Pferd, Bishop John of Whethamstead, and are fif- which Dr. Daniel Sanders, Wörterbuch teenth-century work. In the fifteenth-century 8. v.,, derives from Greek rápa and Latin tomb of Rahere or Raherius, the early twelfth-veredus, which he takes to be the Hebrew century and first Prior of St. Bartholomew's pered? T. WILSON. Priory, in Smithfield, E.C., known as the founder's tomb (although the actual foundership is uncertain; Leland distinctly records Henry I. as the real founder, that monarch having given the ground on which the priory was built), there is a kneeling angel at the feet of the recumbent figure. It bears an heraldic shield. Recently a new porch has been erected at the west end of this vener-read his German. able old church. Over its doorway is a niche containing a statue, and beneath are some arms upon a shield borne by angel supGRUB STREET (8th S. xii. 108, 212, 251, 373), porters. Being there at a wedding a few-Some quarter of a century ago an old friend weeks since, I asked my old friend Mr. Thomas Dixon, a worshipper at the church fully fifty years, whom the figure represented, and he told me unhesitatingly St. Bartholomew. But later this assumption was corrected by the Rev. Sir Borradaile Savory, Bart., the vicar, who assured me the statue was actually Rahere. Neither he nor his assistant clergy, however, appeared to know whose the arms were, or why angel supporters were introduced. He referred me to his architect, Mr. Ashton Webb, from whom, however, I have been unable to obtain any satisfactory information. Fair Park, Exeter. HARRY HEMS. ARABIC STAR NAMES (8th S. xi. 89, 174; xii. 143, 317, 412, 457).—MR. WILSON will find these names with their English equivalents in Mazzaroth; or, the Constellations,' by the late Frances Rolleston (Rivingtons, 1875). The Hebrew, Arabic, Syriac, Coptic, Greek, The explanations of Oriental star names by your correspondent MR. WILSON are read with interest beyond the Atlantic. A similar compilation, showing the significance of star names in Greek, will be very welcome to many readers who either have no access to Ideler's Untersuchungen or who cannot Madison, Wis., U.S. JAMES D. BUTLER. of mine and an old contributor to N. & Q.,' Henry Campkin, F.S.A., librarian and secretary to the Reform Club, wrote an interesting pamphlet on this street. It was located near St. Giles's, Cripplegate. Mr. Campkin was well known as an archæologist and antiquary, and presented me with a copy, which has, unfortunately, been lost. JOHN PICKFORD, M.A. Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge. - FRENCH PEERAGE (8th S. xii. 489). — As already stated, it is difficult to meet with a handy equivalent of our English peerages. The Annuaire de la Noblesse de France,' compiled by M. Borel d'Hauterive, will, however, probably be of assistance to the DUKE DE MORO. Unfortunately, though the existing holders of titles and their immediate relatives are given in the current volume for each year (a small and not expensive one), the purely genealogical portion of the work 870.' ST. SYTH (8th S. xii. 483).—Your correspondent MR. HALL, in referring to St. Osyth, the virgin wife of King Sighere, and quoting from Butler's Lives of the Saints,' ascribes the period of her martyrdom to "circa A.D. Now, this date is certainly erroneous, for St. Osyth was the daughter of Raedwald, King of East Anglia, with whom Eadwine, King of Northumbria, took refuge in 617. I mention these facts to prove that her death took place much earlier than the year mentioned by Alban Butler. The generally accepted date of her execution by the Danes is A.D. 635. T. SEYMOUR. 9, Newton Road, Oxford. "COUNTERFEITS AND TRINKETS" (8th S. xii. 467). Halliwell, in his 'Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words,' explains that imitation crockery was known as "counterfeits," and a trinket" was another name for a porringer, a vessel used for porridge. For the word "trinket" quoted for saucers, see 'N. & Q.,' 7th S. vi. 27, 158, 372. EVERARD HOME COLEMAN. 71, Brecknock Road. I cannot explain "counterfeits," but "trinkets" was formerly a common word for teacups and mugs. It was used by Defoe in this sense in his Relation of the Apparition of Mrs. Veal.' See 'N. & Q.,' 6th S. x. 521. W. F. PRIDEAUX. NAPOLEON'S ATTEMPTED INVASION OF ENGLAND IN 1805 (8th S. xii. 481). DR. SYKES, after a long quotation from Warden's conversations with Buonaparte, writes: "The authority of this interesting narrative, the truth of which is beyond suspicion, is another proof that the invasion of England in 1805 was a real intention and not a feint." The truth of this narrative is not beyond suspicion. As DR. SYKES appears to have come across this book for the first time, allow me to refer him to an article written by John Wilson Croker in the October number of the Quarterly Review for 1816, when he will learn the true character of Warden and his book STEVENS (8th S. xii. 469).-I think I may say, without fear of contradiction, that no portrait of R. J. S. Stevens was ever engraved. I have been looking diligently for one during more than thirty years; and had there been one in existence I believe I should have seen it. The British Museum has it not, nor have I it, nor has the Charterhouse, where he was organist, and where they would be very glad to have it. The late Mr. John Hullah, one of his successors at the Charterhouse, put this question to me twenty years ago; and I had to give him the same answer then that I must now give to your correspondent A. F. H. JULIAN MARSHALL. The Athenæum of 2 Nov., 1895, announced that the name of Richard John Samuel Stevens, musician, born 1757, died 1827, would be included in a forthcoming volume of the Dictionary of National Biography.' That just published terminates with the name Stanger. 71, Brecknock Road. EVERARD HOME COLEMAN. THE ETYMOLOGY OF IRISH "TONN" (8th S. xii. 429).—Whatever may be the derivation of this word, it must be the same as the Welsh word ton, a wave. I find that Dr. W. Owen Pughe, the Welsh lexicographer, gives this as derived from the Greek. The Welsh word ton is pronounced exactly as ton in placenames such as Southampton. The word ton, pronounced as the English tone, is also used in Welsh, and is equivalent in meaning, as well as in pronunciation, with the English D. M. R. tone. JULES CHARLES HENRY PETIT (8th S. xii. 489). Has not MR. SCATTERGOOD made a mistake in alluding to a Book of Crests '? I have a MS. Book of Mottoes, of some five hundred pages, entitled "A Dictionary of the Mottoes used by the Nobility and Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland as well as those used by most of the best of Continental Families, the whole collected and arranged into order by Jules Charles Henry Petit." It forms the most complete collection of family mottoes that I know of; and I may say that I am daily adding to it, for I never miss an opportunity of making a record of a motto that I find in use. The late Mr. Petit was well known at the British Museum as a most conscientious worker. I feel certain that MR. SCATTERGOOD has made an improper use of inverted commas in both the instances that appear in his communication. LEO CULLETON. I beg to suggest that the author of the book of crests inquired for by MR. SCATTERGOOD may be Louis Michel Petit, and not Jules Charles Henry Petit. L. M. Petit was a French engraver. Pauley wrote 'Notice sur L. M. Petit,' which was published in Paris in 1858. There is a copy of the work cited in the British Museum, No. 9365 bb., and in it there would be some mention of the book if M. L. M. Petit wrote and illustrated it. J. POTTER BRISCOE. Public Library, Nottingham. "SNI" (8th S. xii. 447).—The word would appear to be also in use in Ireland. The coachman here (a co. Wicklow man) observed quite lately, à propos of the stable-yard, that it was "sniving with rats." KATHLEEN WARD. PRINCES OF CORNWALL (8th S. xii. 328, 417).That Henuinus, or Henwing, descended from Corineus I myself supposed; it is gratifying to find that I am not singular in this. Corineus left descendants according to the legend. Henuinus may have been one; but, alas! where are the connecting links? The chain of descent, even if broken at some points, would be interesting, for it is the male line (although not originally the royal one-that came through Rhegaw, King Lyr's daughter, from Brutus) of the kings of Britain. CURIOSO. SUPERSTITION (8th S. xii. 88, 158, 212).-" As the wind blows on Martinmas Eve so it will prevail throughout the winter." This whim is one of a legion in folk-lore all analogous in nature. None of them, however, can stand its ground in the view of any one who considers how the adoption of the New Style made all fixed feasts movable-or pushed them ten days ahead. If the day we now call Martinmas has thaumaturgic power over wind, it either had no such dynamic force COLD HARBOUR (8th S. xii. 482).—Has it ever been suggested in 'N. & Q.' that a possible derivation is caldarium, the chamber in which in Roman bathing establishments the hot bath was placed? If it is the case that most of the Cold Harbours are situated on old Roman roads, it is by no means unlikely that they were originally rest houses by the way, where the fatigued traveller could get his warm bath. If this derivation be correct it is a remarkable instance of the manner in which names, by the mere force of sound, are changed in meaning. H. S. BOYS. PETER THELLUSSON (8th S. xii. 183, 253, 489). MR. THOMAS's sources of information enable us to correct not only Haydn's 'Dates,' but also the Times leader of 5 July, 1859, the writer of which was under the impression that "the Court of Chancery has so clipped and pollarded his oak, that it is not much larger than when he left it." But the case was not settled so early as 1805, as MR. THOMAS seems to imply, for the final decision of the House of Lords was not given until EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A. July, 1859. Hastings. CANNING AND THE 'ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA' (8th S. xii. 486).—I ask permission to remark that MR. W. T. LYNN's statement that the great George Canning's family "on the father's side had been English for centuries" is really misleading, because your correspondent has forgotten the fact that the ancestors of the man of genius who was "bred a statesman and born a wit" were settled at Garvagh, co. Londonderry, from the time of Elizabeth. Baron Garvagh is the head of the race, and the lineal descendant of the George Canning who received the grant of the manor of Garvagh from the great queen. I may add that the father of the future Prime Minister of England was the George Canning, an Irishman and author of some poems, who, having been disinherited by his father, Col. Stratford Canning, for marrying, in 1768, Miss Costello, a beautiful Irish actress, left his Irish home and settled in London on an income of 150l. (from the colonel). Canning_studied for a year, and was called to the English bar; but he subsequently became a wine merchant, and died in 1771, a broken-hearted bankrupt, one year after the birth of his son. His widow, in her misfortune, was only too happy to support herself and her child by keeping a small school. Mrs. Canning composed the following loving inscription for her husband's tombstone in the cemetery in Paddington Street: Thy virtue, and my woe, no words can tell; Therefore a little while, my George, farewell! For faith and love like ours, heaven has in store Its last best gift-to meet and part no more. HENRY GERALD HOPE. Clapham, S.W. SAND-PAPER (8th S. xii. 468, 490).—The fishskin referred to was an article of ordinary trade with wholesale country ironmongers up to within the last thirty years, or even less, and was usually sold to wheelwrights. The skins were about thirty inches long and twelve inches wide in the middle. They appeared to have been dried stretched out, and cost about half-a-crown each. When the Eastbourne. Sand-paper has been in general use fifty or sixty years. Prior to that the skin of the dog-fish was used for smoothing down the faces of mahogany and other such woods, prior to polishing. I was apprenticed in Sheffield, 1856-63, and although at that period sand-paper was getting to be more generally used, the rough face of dogfish skin was still most in favour with the "old hands." HARRY HEMS. Fair Park, Exeter. use; When emery, &c., cloth was invented, in 1830, sand-paper was already in extensive but when it was first made I do not know. The dried skin of the dogfish was at one time very widely used for polishing purposes. RHYS JENKINS. 'IN MEMORIAM,' LIV. (8th S. xii. 387, 469).— I agree with the HoN. LIONEL A. TOLLEMACHE in thinking that when Tennyson speaks of moths and worms he means moths and worms; but when he says that Tennyson hoped there would be a heaven even for them, I do not suppose that he means for them as moths and worms; but that, as no "life from the Ever Living" (to use Browning's expression) can die, the life which animates their humble forms passes through the suffering of their present existence to a higher stage of being, and thus, consecutively, from stage to stage. shall never be attained, because the attribute In the progress towards a perfection which of God alone, man and the worm, though with a vast lineal interval between, may be moving along the same asymptote. R. M. SPENCE, M.A. Manse of Arbuthnott, N.B. Silver spoons were long made in this city, the Teaspoons can be had in Carlisle of different patterns, some with the arms of the city (old and new), and some with roses and thistles interwoven. Y. Y. STRATHCLYDE (8th S. xii. 488).-The Britons of Strathclyde are noticed in the 'Encyc. Brit.,' xxi. 473, 475, 8q. We are there told, as J. S. P. will find a short description of the Strathclyde Britons in the 'Gododin' of Aneurin Gwawdrydd; also a list of about twenty books referring to Strathclyde in the foot-notes. The above is published by the Cymmrodorion Society. E. T. J. S. P. cannot do better than consult Skene's 'Four Ancient Books of Wales,' 2 vols., and the first volume of his 'Celtic Scotland.' HERBERT MAXWELL. "POT LORD" (8th S. xii. 447).-The term "pot landlord" is occasionally heard in this part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. It is applied to a person who acts as agent or steward for the owner in the management of house property or land. J. W. W. Halifax. LEE, EARLS OF LICHFIELD (8th S. xii. 469).So far as I am aware, this claim was never brought before a Committee of Privileges of the House of Lords. G. F. R. B. "CAMP-BALL" (8th S. xii. 425).—This game formed the subject of a correspondence in N. & Q'a few years ago (see 8th S. ii. 70, 137, 213), the sum of which made it tolerably clear that it was a different game from football, being played solely with the hands. If a football were used, the game was known in East Anglia as "kicking-camp." Du Maurier, in the opening chapters of The Martian, makes several allusions to "la balle au camp,' which was a favourite game in French schools forty years ago, and which from his description seems to have been a kind of rounders. W. F. PRIDEAUX. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. The English Dialect Dictionary. Edited by Joseph Wright, M.A., Ph. D. Parts III. and IV. (Frowde.) NOT less exemplary than the progress made with the 'Historical English Dictionary' is that of the twin undertaking the English Dialect Dictionary,' four parts of which, carrying the alphabet as far as the word chuck, have seen the light within a period not much exceeding a year. While, however, the H. E. D.' is splendidly endowed by one of the foremost of universities, its no less indispensable supplement is a work of purely private enterprise, and depends, from the financial no less than from the literary or philological standpoint, upon the services of Prof. Wright. Gratifying in the highest degree is it to British pride that what is in fact a national undertaking should come as a product of individual enterprise, and happy must be considered the nation whose scholars, not content with putting into the work their erudition and their trained and disciplined powers, embark in it their fortunes also. Under these conditions, not until to-day fully realized by ourselves, we appeal unhesitatingly to our readers for further support, without which the completion on the scale on which it has been begun attained, if attained at all, by imposing upon private of a work of supreme importance can only be means an indefensible, and it might well be an intolerable strain. Where, indeed, except in N. & Q.,' where the movement that led to the collection of materials took rise and the importance of dialectal speech was first brought within the grasp of the general public, should an appeal for augmented support be made? On the readers of N. & Q,' then, we would fain impress the importance of the undertaking and the need of their individual support and of securing that this all-important work shall be put not only on their own shelves, but on those of every public institution which includes in its scheme the possession of a library of reference. Descending from the general to the particular, we find that the two parts now issued contain 7,000 simple and compound words and 875 phrases, illustrated by 14,572 quotations, with the exact sources from which they have been derived. In addition to these there are 16,642 references to glossaries, to manuscript collections of dialect words, and to other sources, making a total of 31,214 references. If to these are added the contents of the two previous parts, noticed 8th S. x. 107; xi. 59, the result obtained is 11,861 words, 1,642 phrases, 30,675 quotations, and 28,870 references without quotations, a total of 59,545 references. These figures convey an idea of the vastcompleteness with which it is being carried out. In ness of the undertaking and the thoroughness and the compilation of the dictionary and the collection of the references many workers have been concerned. N. & Q' has supplied, as may well be conceived, many thousand references. The financial nearly 1,4001. a year, fall wholly upon Prof. Wright, responsibilities of the undertaking, amounting to whose position, so far as we know, is as unique as it is princely. So small is the space at our disposal for book notices, and so many claims are there upon it, that we can call attention to but few of the hundreds of articles of philological or literary interest which commend themselves. Blithemeat, the meal prepared for visitors at the birth of a child, the use of which is recorded in Scotland, is unfamiliar to us, though that of groaning malt, associated with it in Carleton's 'Fardorougha,' is known. Many meanings are given to bob. The first we will supplement by instancing the American (?) song, popular near half a century ago, with the chorus, quoted from memory: = I'll lay my money on the bob-tailed nag, And you'll lay yours on the grey. Bobbin in the West Riding and elsewhere as is said, "a wooden tube or cylinder upon which yarn is wound in weaving or spinning." It has thence been transferred to an ordinary reel of sewing cotton. This use is, or was, very common. Brideale wedding feast, and bride-door, for which see the work, have high folk-lore interest. Brief, in |