second foot (e.g. fyrd-searu fus-licu Beow. 232) is disregarded. On the other hand the sub-forms 12 and 19 are classified as containing a compound in the first foot of the form luu (folc-stede, nýjdwracu), in order the better to distinguish this verse form from the use of compounds of three members lux in 'shortened' E verses (type 54: beag-hroden cwēn).

The A2 verses are most common in the first half-line (102+14). In the second half-line are found only those compounds, which were no longer felt as such, or as Fuhr (p. 17 f.) names them, 'compounds of simple conception', as hlāford, ombiht, nat-hwyle and especially proper names, as Beowulf, Hrōdgar etc., or words with a heavy derivative syllable, as sceotend, wealdend, arest etc., which one might well include among the normal A verses. The difference between compounds 'of double conception' and those 'of simple conception' is further seen in the first half-line, in that double alliteration (on the first and third member) is necessary in the former case, whilst in the latter simple alliteration on the first member is sufficient. NOTE. Sievers' A2k verses (güd-rinc monig, mago-driht micel) have 'gliding' and not 'feminine' ending, and belong, therefore, to D' (types 89, 90), not to A; cp. Stud. z. germ. Alliterationsvers I, § 60 f.

§ 68. Types 21-28 (Sievers' A3).

The types 21-28 include Sievers' A3 verses, in which the first foot contains weakly-stressed words,

which do not alliterate. Thus the alliteration begins with the third member and the 'centre of gravity' of the verse is pushed towards the end. Owing to the position of the alliteration (on the third member) the A3 verses are confined to the first half-line. They generally begin a new sen

tence.

The filling of the first foot of A3 verses, as shown above (§ 65), is somewhat stronger than that of A1 and A2 verses. Types 21 and 22 begin with a word of the form −x or uux (hfde sẽ goda sōna þæt onfunde), 23-27 with a word of the form or (eow hēt secgan ic hine cude ic pat gehyre pā was on burgum пй де moton gangan), 28 has in the second foot a compound (no he pone gif-stōl). Thus types 21 and 22 roughly correspond to normal types 3 and 4, types 23-27 to 6-10, type 28 to A2 15 or 17.

In A3 verses the first two members are not so closely connected to form a single foot as is the case in A1 and A2 verses. The second member is almost independent, so that for the A3 verses and for the similarly constructed types 4 and 10 of A1 verses we can use the scheme 1+1+2 (§ 65).

§ 69. Types 29. 30 (A1).

Finally in A4 (types 29 and 30) are classed those rare verses, in which a word, which otherwise has three members, composes the first foot (of two members) of an A verse: weardōde hwile (29) or

with a compound in the second foot: tryddōde tirfæst (30). In Beowulf only words with a long middle syllable due to a long vowel are found in the first foot. This vowel had perhaps become short. In Heliand, however, we find such verses with a long middle syllable due to position (vowel followed by two consonants), e.g. waldandes willeon.

NOTE. Verses such as mistige mõras, ōdres dōgores do not belong here, but to type 1, since the middle vowel is not original, but was added later.

§ 70. B. Verses with Masculine Ending: 1+2+1 or 3+1, Types 31-60 (Sievers' B, D2, E).

In types 31-60 the verse regularly ends with a strongly stressed monosyllabic word, which forms the fourth member (læg, sprang, word, eorl, mōd). In its place two short syllables (uu, not ux) may appear, e.g. gryre, mere, fela, hine.

In these verses the second and third members form a foot of two members, which with regard to its 'filling' occupies a middle place between the first and second foot of A (see below). The first member is variously filled. In types 31-40 (Sievers' B) there are in the first member one or several weakly stressed words, which have no share in the alliteration; in types 41-50 (Sievers' D2) a strongly-stressed word, which, therefore, alliterates, of the form. ux or -X. In types 51-60 (Sievers' E) the first member of the verse is united with the following foot of two members

to form a single foot of three members. This foot may be a simple word of the form -- or uu-x, or a compound __x or uul_x, more rarely lux. The verse-scheme 1+2+1 for B and D2 becomes (1+2)+1 or 3+1 for E.

In B verses the alliteration is on the second member or on the second and fourth members; in D2 on the first or on the first and second; in E on the first or on the first and fourth. All verses with masculine ending are much commoner in the second half-line than in the first.

§ 71. Types 31-40 (Sievers' B).

sẽ

In all verses of Sievers' type B (31-40) the first member generally consists of one or two weakly stressed words, which, therefore, do not alliterate, e.g. þurh, on, tō, ond hine, ofer æfter, under, hæfde ond gese pe, pæt ic, pā him, him pā, he pas etc. There are seldom three or four syllables in the first member, e.g. geond pisne, ond nu wip, cuđe hē, siddan hie pæt he eower, ac he hine etc. Still seldomer is there only a prefix, e.g. ā-lēdon þā Beow. 34, ymb-|ēode pā 620, ge\grētte pā 652. In the arrangement of the subforms no attention could be paid to the great variety in the first member. The arrangement is based rather on the constitution of the middle foot, which has two members.

As in A (type 1: middle foot of two

lange hwile) so in B, the members is most often con

stituted by a simple word of the form or uux (type 31: him on | bearme | læg or under | Heorotes | hrōf). In the first 1000 verses of Beowulf this kind of verse is found 77+134 times; thus in the first half-line 2, in the second 3% of all B verses (113 +220) are of this kind. A word of this kind may be followed by a prefix (type 32: hē þæs | frōfre gebad) or by a monosyllabic unstressed word (33: pam | wife pā | word).

In B as in A (types 5-9) the disyllabic foot may be composed of two independent words, of which the first is a monosyllabic strongly stressed word of the form or ux, the second a prefix or a more weakly stressed monosyllabic word. It is rare that the second member of the middle foot is a disyllabic word or two monosyllables. Thus we have 1+(1+1)+1, type 34 (him þā | Scyld ge-| wāt), 35 (nē | lēof nē | lāđ) and 36 (þū | wāst gif hit is). A stronger "filling" of the foot of two members, as in A types 4 or 10 and in A3, does not occur in B verses. On the other hand, as in A2a verses, a compound alone or with a following prefix may form the middle foot (type 37: wes þu | Hrōdgar | hal and 38: pā him | Hrōdgar gewāt); but this compound must be a proper name or a compound 'of simple conception' as fyrwyt, garsecg, sidfæt etc.

Lastly types 39 and 40, in which a word, which otherwise has three members, forms the middle foot of two members of a B verse, correspond